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Ebonite is a very hard rubber
Rubber

Natural rubber is an elastomer?an Elasticity_ hydrocarbon polymer?that was originally derived from a milky colloidal suspension, or latex , found in the sap of some plants....
 first obtained by Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodyear

Charles Goodyear was the first American to vulcanized rubber, a process which he discovered in 1839 and patented on June 15, 1844. Although Goodyear is often credited with its invention, modern evidence has proven that the Mesoamericans used stabilized rubber for balls and other objects as early as 1600 BC....
 by vulcanizing
Vulcanization

Vulcanization refers to a specific curing process of rubber involving high heat and the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives. It is a chemical process in which polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges composed of sulfur atoms or carbon to carbon bonds....
 rubber for prolonged periods. It is about 30% to 40% sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
. Its name comes from its intended use as an artificial substitute for ebony
Ebony

Ebony is a general name for very dense black wood. In the strict sense it is yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but other heavy, black woods are sometimes also called ebony....
 wood. It is also known as vulcanite.
s often used in bowling ball
Bowling ball

A bowling ball is a round ball made from urethane, plastic, reactive resin or a combination of these materials which is used in the sport of bowling....
s, smoking pipe
Smoking pipe

A smoking pipe for tobacco smoking typically consists of a small chamber for the combustion of the tobacco to be smoked and a thin stem that ends in a mouthpiece ....
 mouthpieces, fountain pen
Fountain pen

A fountain pen is a pen that contains a reservoir of water-based liquid Fountain pen inks. If it uses ink cartridges instead of having a built-in ink reservoir, it is often called cartridge pen....
 nib feeds, and high-quality saxophone
Saxophone

The saxophone is a conical-Bore transposing instrument musical instrument considered a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and are played with a Single-reed instrument mouthpiece similar to the clarinet....
 and clarinet
Clarinet

The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word clarino meaning a particular type of trumpet, as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet....
 mouthpieces
Mouthpiece (woodwind)

The mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument is that part of the instrument which is placed partly in the player's mouth. List of woodwind instruments#Single-reed, List of woodwind instruments#Capped, and List of woodwind instruments#Closed have mouthpieces while List of woodwind instruments#Exposed and List of woodwind instruments#Open do not....
. It is also commonly used in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 classrooms to demonstrate static electricity
Static electricity

Static electricity refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects. The static charges remains on an object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge....
.

Hard rubber ('Ebonite' is a brand name that's not universally used) was used in the cases of automobile batteries
Battery (electricity)

In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical cell Galvanic cells which store chemical energy that can be converted into electric potential energy, creating electricity....
 for years, thus establishing black as their traditional color even long after stronger modern plastics were substituted.






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Encyclopedia


Ebonite is a very hard rubber
Rubber

Natural rubber is an elastomer?an Elasticity_ hydrocarbon polymer?that was originally derived from a milky colloidal suspension, or latex , found in the sap of some plants....
 first obtained by Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodyear

Charles Goodyear was the first American to vulcanized rubber, a process which he discovered in 1839 and patented on June 15, 1844. Although Goodyear is often credited with its invention, modern evidence has proven that the Mesoamericans used stabilized rubber for balls and other objects as early as 1600 BC....
 by vulcanizing
Vulcanization

Vulcanization refers to a specific curing process of rubber involving high heat and the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives. It is a chemical process in which polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges composed of sulfur atoms or carbon to carbon bonds....
 rubber for prolonged periods. It is about 30% to 40% sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
. Its name comes from its intended use as an artificial substitute for ebony
Ebony

Ebony is a general name for very dense black wood. In the strict sense it is yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but other heavy, black woods are sometimes also called ebony....
 wood. It is also known as vulcanite.

Applications

It is often used in bowling ball
Bowling ball

A bowling ball is a round ball made from urethane, plastic, reactive resin or a combination of these materials which is used in the sport of bowling....
s, smoking pipe
Smoking pipe

A smoking pipe for tobacco smoking typically consists of a small chamber for the combustion of the tobacco to be smoked and a thin stem that ends in a mouthpiece ....
 mouthpieces, fountain pen
Fountain pen

A fountain pen is a pen that contains a reservoir of water-based liquid Fountain pen inks. If it uses ink cartridges instead of having a built-in ink reservoir, it is often called cartridge pen....
 nib feeds, and high-quality saxophone
Saxophone

The saxophone is a conical-Bore transposing instrument musical instrument considered a member of the woodwind family. Saxophones are usually made of brass and are played with a Single-reed instrument mouthpiece similar to the clarinet....
 and clarinet
Clarinet

The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word clarino meaning a particular type of trumpet, as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet....
 mouthpieces
Mouthpiece (woodwind)

The mouthpiece of a woodwind instrument is that part of the instrument which is placed partly in the player's mouth. List of woodwind instruments#Single-reed, List of woodwind instruments#Capped, and List of woodwind instruments#Closed have mouthpieces while List of woodwind instruments#Exposed and List of woodwind instruments#Open do not....
. It is also commonly used in physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 classrooms to demonstrate static electricity
Static electricity

Static electricity refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects. The static charges remains on an object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge....
.

Hard rubber ('Ebonite' is a brand name that's not universally used) was used in the cases of automobile batteries
Battery (electricity)

In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical cell Galvanic cells which store chemical energy that can be converted into electric potential energy, creating electricity....
 for years, thus establishing black as their traditional color even long after stronger modern plastics were substituted. It is used in hair combs made by Ace, which survive, essentially unchanged, from the days of the US Civil War
American Civil War

The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
.

Properties

The material is brittle, which produces problems in its use in battery cases for example, where the integrity of the case is vital to prevent leakage of sulphuric acid. It has now been generally replaced by carbon black
Carbon black

Carbon black is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil....
-filled polypropylene
Polypropylene

Polypropylene or polypropene is a thermoplastic polymer, made by the chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications, including packaging, textiles , stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes....
.