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Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen (German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina") is a public university located in the city of Tübingen
Tübingen

T?bingen, a traditional university town in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers....
, Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg

Baden-W?rttemberg is one of the 16 States of Germany of the Federal Republic of Germany. Baden-W?rttemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine?but one which has some of its major cities straddling the banks of the Neckar River ....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. It is one of Germany's oldest universities, internationally noted in medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, natural science
Natural science

In science, the term natural science refers to a methodological naturalism approach to the study of the universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of nature origin....
s and the humanities
Humanities

The humanities are academic disciplines which study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural science and social sciences....
. In the area of German Studies
German studies

German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and German literature in both its historic and present forms....
 (German: Germanistik) it has been ranked first among all German universities for many years. Tübingen is one of five classical "university towns" in Germany; the other four being Marburg, Göttingen, Freiburg and Heidelberg
Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg

The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg is a public university research university located in Heidelberg, Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386, it is the List_of_universities_in_Germany#Universities_by_age and was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire....
.






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Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen (German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina") is a public university located in the city of Tübingen
Tübingen

T?bingen, a traditional university town in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers....
, Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg

Baden-W?rttemberg is one of the 16 States of Germany of the Federal Republic of Germany. Baden-W?rttemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine?but one which has some of its major cities straddling the banks of the Neckar River ....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. It is one of Germany's oldest universities, internationally noted in medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, natural science
Natural science

In science, the term natural science refers to a methodological naturalism approach to the study of the universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of nature origin....
s and the humanities
Humanities

The humanities are academic disciplines which study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural science and social sciences....
. In the area of German Studies
German studies

German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and German literature in both its historic and present forms....
 (German: Germanistik) it has been ranked first among all German universities for many years. Tübingen is one of five classical "university towns" in Germany; the other four being Marburg, Göttingen, Freiburg and Heidelberg
Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg

The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg is a public university research university located in Heidelberg, Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386, it is the List_of_universities_in_Germany#Universities_by_age and was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire....
. The university has many Nobel laureate
List of Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiolo...
 alumni, especially in the fields of medicine and chemistry.

Currently, around 22,000 students are enrolled. The 17 hospitals in Tübingen affiliated with the university's faculty of medicine have 1,500 patient beds, and cater to 66,000 in-patients and 200,000 out-patients on an annual basis.

History


The University of Tübingen was founded in 1477 by Count Eberhard V
Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg

Eberhard I . From 1459 till 1495 he was count as Eberhard V. From July 1495 he was the first Duke of W?rttemberg. He is also known as Eberhard im Bart ....
 (Eberhard im Bart, 1445 - 1496), later the first Duke of Württemberg
Württemberg

W?rttemberg [], formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
, a civic and ecclesiastic reformer who established the school after becoming absorbed in the Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 revival of learning during his travels to Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
. Its first rector was Johannes Nauclerus
Johannes Nauclerus

Johannes Nauclerus was a 16th century Swabian historian and Humanism. He was born Johann Vergenhans to a noble man of the same name. As was the fashion of the time, the family's name had been Latin, with nauclerus, meaning "Skipper ," being a close translation of Vergenhans, meaning "ferry." The family's coat of arms depic...
.

Its present name was conferred on it in 1769 by Duke Karl Eugen
Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg

Karl Eugen, Duke of W?rttemberg was the eldest son of Duke Karl Alexander, Duke of W?rttemberg and Maria Augusta Anna of Thurn and Taxis ....
 who appended his first name to that of the founder (Karls being the possessive form of Karl). The university later became the principal university of the kingdom of Württemberg
Württemberg

W?rttemberg [], formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
. Today, it is one of nine state universities funded by the German federal state
States of Germany

Germany is a federation consisting of sixteen states, known in German language as L?nder . Since Land is the literal German word for "country", the term Bundesl?nder is commonly used colloquially, as it is more specific, though technically incorrect within the corpus of German law....
 of Baden-Württemberg. The University of Tübingen has a history of innovative thought, particularly in theology
Theology

Theology is the study of the existence or attributes of a deity or gods, or more generally the study of religion or spirituality. It is sometimes contrasted with religious studies: theology is understood as the study of religion from an internal perspective , and religious studies as the study of religion from an external perspective....
, in which the university and the Tübinger Stift
Tübinger Stift

T?binger Stift is a hall of residence and teaching of the Protestant Church in W?rttemberg, located in the university city of T?bingen. It was founded in 1536 by Ulrich, Duke of W?rttemberg for W?rttemberg born students who want to be Religious ministers or teachers....
 are famous to this day. Philipp Melanchthon
Philipp Melanchthon

Philipp Melanchthon was a German professor and theologian, a significant character in the Protestant Reformation, a key leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and a friend and associate of Martin Luther....
 (1497-1560), the prime mover in building the German school system and a chief figure in the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
, helped establish its direction. Among Tübingen's eminent students (and/or professors) have been the astronomer Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler was a Germans mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century Scientific revolution. He is best known for his eponymous Kepler's laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astrononomy....
; the economist Horst Köhler (President of Germany); Joseph Ratzinger, former Cardinal and currently Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI is the List of popes and reigning Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and, as such, monarch of the Vatican City....
, poet Friedrich Hölderlin
Friedrich Hölderlin

Johann Christian Friedrich H?lderlin was a major German lyric Poetry. His work bridges the Neoclassicism and Romantic poetry schools.Having spent most of his life tormented by mental illness, he suffered great loneliness, and often spent his time playing the piano, drawing, reading, writing, and enjoyed travelling when he had the chance....
, and the philosophers Friedrich Schelling and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German people philosopher, and with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, one of the creators of German idealism....
. "The Tübingen Three" refers to Hölderlin, Hegel and Schelling, who were roommates at the Tübinger Stift.

The university rose to the height of its prominence in the middle of the 19th century with the teachings of poet and civic leader Ludwig Uhland
Ludwig Uhland

Johann Ludwig Uhland , was a Germany poet.He was born in T?bingen, and studied jurisprudence at the university there, but also took an interest in medieval literature....
 and the Protestant theologian Ferdinand Christian Baur
Ferdinand Christian Baur

Ferdinand Christian Baur , was a Germany theologian and leader of the T?bingen school of theology . Following Hegel's theory of dialectic, Baur argued that Early Christianity represented the synthesis of two opposing theses: Jewish Christianity and Pauline Christianity....
, whose beliefs and disciples became known as the "Tübingen School" and which initiated historical analysis of Biblical texts, an approach also generally referred to as the Higher criticism
Higher criticism

Historical criticism or higher criticism is a branch of literature analysis that investigates the origins of a text: as applied in biblical studies it naturally investigates foremost the books of the Bible....
. The University of Tübingen also was the first German university to establish a faculty of natural science
Natural science

In science, the term natural science refers to a methodological naturalism approach to the study of the universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of nature origin....
s, in 1863. DNA
DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetics instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses....
 was discovered in 1868 at the University of Tübingen by Friedrich Miescher
Friedrich Miescher

Johannes Friedrich Miescher was a Switzerland biologist. He isolated various phosphate-rich chemicals, which he called nuclein , from the nuclei of white blood cells in 1869 at Felix Hoppe-Seyler's laboratory at the University of T?bingen, Germany, paving the way for the identification of DNA as the carrier of inheritance....
. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

Christiane N?sslein-Volhard is a Germany biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric F....
, the first female Nobel Prize winner in medicine in Germany, also works in Tübingen. In Tübingen the faculty for economics and business was founded in 1817 as 'Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät' and was the first of its kind in Germany.

In 1970 the university was restructured into a series of faculties
Faculty (university)

A faculty is a division within a university comprising one subject area, or a number of related subject areas . The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to Al-Azhar University, which had individual faculties for a Madrasah and theological seminary, Sharia and Fiqh, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronom...
 as independent departments of study and research after the manner of French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 universities.

Research focus

The University of Tübingen undertakes a broad range of research projects in various fields. The most prominent ones are to be found among the natural sciences. The Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, for instance, focuses on general, cognitive and cellular neurology
Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and...
 as well as neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration

BackgroundNeurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson?s, Alzheimer?s, and Huntington?s occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes....
. The Centre for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research deals primarily with cell biology in diagnostics and therapy of organ system diseases.

Campus

The University of Tübingen is not a campus university
Campus university

A campus university is a United Kingdom term for a University situated on one site, with student accommodation, teaching and research facilities, and leisure activities all together....
, but is spread throughout the town. There are four areas with a major concentration of university institutions.
  • The university uses a number of buildings in the old town of Tübingen, some of which date back to the foundation of the university. Today, these are mainly used by smaller humanities departments, as is the adjacent castle
    Castle

    A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor...
    , Schloss Hohentübingen.
  • Northeast of the old town, the Wilhelmstraße area surrounding the street of the same name is home to larger humanities departments as well as the university's administration. The main university library and main refectory
    Refectory

    File:Convento Cristo December 2008-6a.jpgA refectory is a dining room, especially in monastery, boarding schools and academic institutions. One of the places it is most often used today is in graduate seminary....
     are also in this area.
  • A new campus for the sciences was built in the 1970s at Morgenstelle, on a hill north of the historic centre of Tübingen. Facilities include a large refectory.
  • The university's teaching hospitals are located between the Wilhelmstraße area and the Morgenstelle campus in an area collectively known as the Kliniken.


Accommodation provided by the Tübingen Studentenwerk
Studentenwerk

A Studentenwerk is a semi-governmental institution in Germany that provides services to college and university students. Usually there is one Studentenwerk for all colleges and universities in a city or region....
 is in several locations throughout the town. The largest of the eleven halls of residence are at Waldhäuser Ost (1,700 rooms) and in the Französisches Viertel (500 rooms).

Libraries


The university library
Library

A library is a collection of information, sources, resources, books, and services, and the structure in which it is housed: it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual....
 is not just available to those affiliated with the university, but also to the general public. The library provides more than three million individual volumes and more than 7,600 journals. Apart from the main library, more than 80 departmental libraries containing an additional three million volumes are also associated with the university. The main lending library is located on Wilhelmstraße and consists of several different parts which are connected through corridors and walkways.
  • The Bonatzbau, the library's oldest building, was built in 1912 and currently houses the historical reading room (Historischer Lesesaal), the university archive
    Archive

    An archive refers to a collection of historical records, and also refers to the location in which these records are kept.'Archives' are made up of records which have been accumulated over the course of an individual or organization's lifetime....
    , along with a number of manuscript
    Manuscript

    A manuscript is any document that is written by hand, as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way. The term may also be used for information that is hand-recorded in other ways than writing, for example inscriptions that are chiselled upon a hard material or scratched as with a knife point in plaster or with a stylus on a wa...
     collections.
  • The library's main building, constructed in 1963, contains the information desk and research stations to access electronic catalogues and databases.
  • The Ammerbau is the most recent addition to the library complex. Built in 2002, it offers users direct access to over 300,000 volumes and latest issues of newspapers, magazines and journals. It also contains numerous work places and separate individual rooms for group work.


Organisation


Faculties

The university is made up of 14 faculties, some of which are subdivided into further departments.
  • Protestant Theology
  • Catholic Theology
  • Law
  • Economics and Business Administration
  • Medicine
  • Philosophy and History
  • Social and Behavioral Science
  • Modern Languages
  • Cultural Sciences
  • Mathematics and Physics
  • Chemistry and Pharmacy
  • Biology
  • Geosciences
  • Information and Cognitive Science


Governance

The university is governed by three separate bodies sharing with different functions and duties. However, some persons serve in more than one body.

The Rectorate is the executive component of the university's governing body. The current rector
Rector

The word rector has a number of different meanings, but all of them indicate an academic, religious or political administrator.The word "rector" also appears in many modern languages, such as Albanian, Dutch language, Spanish language, Catalan language and Romanian language....
, Professor Bernd Engler, is supported by four deputies consisting of three prorector
Prorector

In some countries , a prorector is a member of the management body of a university. Each prorector manages one particular area of university life....
s and one provost
Provost (education)

Provost is the title of a senior academic administrator at many institutions of higher education in the United States and Canada. It is the equivalent of Deputy Vice Chancellor or Pro-Vice-Chancellor at certain institutions in United Kingdom and Ireland such as Trinity College Dublin, and the head of certain ancient colleges ....
. All are also permanent members of the university senate.

The Senate forms the legislative section of governance. Apart from the members of the rectorate, it includes the equal opportunities
Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity is a term which has differing definitions and there is no consensus as to the precise meaning. Some use it as a descriptive term for an approach intended to provide a certain social environment in which people are not excluded from the activities of society, such as education, employment, or health care, on the basis of immu...
 commissioner, the deans and 20 elected members representing the professors, lecturers, students and non-academic staff. Two advisors represent the university's teaching hospital
Teaching hospital

A teaching hospital is a hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides clinical education and training to future and current doctors, nurses, and other health professionals....
s.

The University Council (Hochschulrat or Universitätsrat) has 13 members, including its president and vice-president as well as five further internal and six external members.

Student life


As the university's students make up roughly a quarter of the total population of Tübingen, the town's culture is to a large extent dominated by them. Consequently, there is a slump of activity during university holidays, particularly over the summer, when a large number of otherwise regular events do not take place.

Around 30 Studentenverbindung
Studentenverbindung

A Studentenverbindung is a student somewhat comparable to fraternities and sororities in the US or Canada, but mostly older and going back to other kinds of origins....
en, the German type of fraternities, are associated with the university. While famous for their parties, public academic lectures and the yearly "Stocherkahn-Rennen" punting-boat race on the Neckar river, some of them are the subject of ongoing controversy surrounding alleged rightwing
Right-wing politics

In politics, right-wing, rightist and the Right are terms applied to Conservatism and reactionary positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, right-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the right supported the monarchy and aristocracy....
 policial views, leading to strong criticism from leftist
Left-wing politics

In politics, left-wing, leftist, and the Left are terms applied to Social progressivism and Egalitarianism positions. Originally, during the French Revolution, left-wing referred to seating arrangements in parliament; those who sat on the left opposed the monarchy and supported Political radicalism reform....
 groups. The university itself takes a neutral stance on this issue.

Also closely linked to the university are a number of student societies representing mainly the arts and political parties
Political party

A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain politics power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns....
. Most notable are a number of choir
Choir

A choir, chorale, or chorus is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral Music, in turn, is the music written specifically for a choir to perform....
s as well as student theatre
Theatre

Theatre is the branch of the performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one or more actor, isolated in time and/or Theater , present themselves to Audience." By this broad definition, theatre has existed since the dawn of man, as a result of human tendency for story telling....
 groups affiliated with the faculty of Modern Languages, some of which perform in foreign languages. Radio Uniwelle Tübingen is the university's radio station
Campus radio

Campus radio is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. Programming may be exclusively by students, or may include programmers from the wider community in which the station is based....
, airing seven hours of programmes a week produced by students under the supervision of staff employed by the university.

The university also offers gym
GYM

GYM is a sound format for the Sega Mega Drive/Sega Genesis.The name stands for Genesis YM2612, since the file contains the data sent to the Yamaha YM2612 sound chip in the console....
 and sport
Sport

Sport is an activity that is governed by a set of regulation of sport or traditions and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determinant of the outcome , but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports and motor...
s classes called Hochschulsport. Since Tübingen has a department of sports science
Sports science

Sport Science is a discipline that studies the application of Scientific method and techniques with the aim of improving sporting performance. Human movement is a related scientific discipline that studies human movement in all contexts including that of sport....
 with a broad range of facilities, students of other subjects have the possibility to participate in various kinds of sports courses in teams or as individuals. Furthermore, even exotic sports, such as parachuting
Parachuting

Parachuting, also known as skydiving, is where a person jumps from enough height so that he can deploy a fabric parachute and land safely.The history of parachuting appears to start with Andre-Jacques Garnerin who made successful parachute jumps from a hot-air balloon in 1797....
 or martial arts
Martial arts

Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for combat. While they may be studied for various reasons, martial arts share a single objective: to physically defeat other persons and to defend oneself or others from physical threat....
, are offered. Students may attend courses either for free or at reduced rates. The sports department is located close to the Wilhelmstraße area of university buildings and is served by a number of frequent bus routes.

Unlike in some major cities, student discounts are not widely available in Tübingen. Cinemas and the town council
Town council

A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipality or civil parishes. A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch....
's public library
Public library

A public library is a library which is accessible by the public and is generally funded from public sources and may be operated by Civil services....
 in particular do not offer discounts for students, and there are only a handful of restaurants which have reduced lunch deals. However, students may benefit from the Semesterticket, a heavily discounted public transport
Public transport

Public transport comprises passenger transportation services which are available for use by the general public, as opposed to modes for private use such as automobiles or vehicles for hire....
 season pass offering six months of unlimited travel on trains and buses in the naldo Verkehrsverbund transport association
Transport association

Transport association is an association of public transport authorities in a large urban area. The modes of transport can include both private and government owned bodies....
 for approximately €50. The Landestheater Tübingen theatre and all public swimming pools also have discounts for students.

Nightlife in Tübingen is centered on the numerous pubs in the old town along with a number of clubs
Nightclub

A nightclub is a Alcoholic beverage, Dance and entertainment Music venue which does its primary business after dark. People who frequent nightclubs are known as clubbers....
, most of which dedicate themselves to non-mainstream
Mainstream

Mainstream is, generally, the common current of thought of the majority. It is a term most often applied in the The Arts . This includes:* something that is available to the general public;...
 music. During the semester, the Studentenwerk
Studentenwerk

A Studentenwerk is a semi-governmental institution in Germany that provides services to college and university students. Usually there is one Studentenwerk for all colleges and universities in a city or region....
-owned Clubhaus at the centre of the Wilhelmstraße university area hosts the weekly Clubhausfest on Thursday nights. This popular, free-entry club night is organised and promoted by student societies and Fachschaft student representative bodies and all proceeds go towards their activities in support of students.

Notable alumni


This list also includes alumni of the Tübinger Stift
Tübinger Stift

T?binger Stift is a hall of residence and teaching of the Protestant Church in W?rttemberg, located in the university city of T?bingen. It was founded in 1536 by Ulrich, Duke of W?rttemberg for W?rttemberg born students who want to be Religious ministers or teachers....
, which is not a part of the University, but has a close relationship with it.

Nobel laureates

  • Günter Blobel
    Günter Blobel

    G?nter Blobel is a German American biologist.Blobel was born in Niegoslawice, Lubusz Voivodeship in the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia. In January 1945 his family fled from native Silesia from the advancing Red Army....
    , (1999, Physiology or Medicine)
  • Karl Ferdinand Braun
    Karl Ferdinand Braun

    Karl Ferdinand Braun was a German inventor, physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics . Braun contributed significantly to the development of the radio and TV technology....
    , (1909, Physics)
  • Eduard Buchner
    Eduard Buchner

    Eduard Buchner was a Germany chemistry and Zymurgy, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation ....
    , (1907, Chemistry)
  • Adolf Butenandt
    Adolf Butenandt

    Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt was a Germany biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his "work on sex hormones." He was initially forced by the Nazi government to decline the award, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II....
    , (1939, Chemistry)
  • Hartmut Michel
    Hartmut Michel

    Hartmut Michel is a Germany biochemist and Nobel Laureate.He was born 18 July 1948 in Ludwigsburg. After compulsory military service, he studied biochemistry at Tubingen University, working for his final year at Dieter Oesterhelt?s laboratory on ATPase activity of halobacteria....
    , (1988, Chemistry)
  • Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
    Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

    Christiane N?sslein-Volhard is a Germany biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric F....
    , (1995, Physiology or Medicine)
  • William Ramsay
    William Ramsay

    Sir William Ramsay, Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath was a Scottish people chemistry who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" ....
    , (1904, Chemistry)
  • Bert Sakmann
    Bert Sakmann

    Bert Sakmann is a Germany cell physiologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Erwin Neher in 1991 for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells," and invention of the patch clamp....
    , (1991, Physiology or Medicine)
  • Georg Wittig
    Georg Wittig

    Georg Wittig was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction....
    , (1979, Chemistry)


Theology

  • Karl Barth
    Karl Barth

    Karl Barth was a Switzerland Reformed theologian whom some critics held to be among the most important Christian thinkers of the 20th century; Pope Pius XII described him as the most important theologian since Thomas Aquinas....
    , Swiss Christian theologian
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer
    Dietrich Bonhoeffer

    Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Germany Lutheran pastor, Theology, participant in the German Resistance movement against Nazism, and a founding member of the Confessing Church....
    , Lutheran theologian, pastor and opponent of the Nazi-Regime
  • Paul S. Fiddes
    Paul S. Fiddes

    Paul S. Fiddes is Title of Distinction of Systematic Theology at the University of Oxford and Colleges of the University of Oxford#Head_of_House and Professorial Research Fellow of Regent's Park College, Oxford....
    , Professor of Systematic Theology and Principal of Regent's Park College
    Regent's Park College, Oxford

    Alternate uses: Regent's Park Regent's Park College is a Permanent Private Hall in the University of Oxford....
    , University of Oxford
    University of Oxford

    The University of Oxford , located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation in the English-speaking world....
  • Walter Kasper, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
  • Hans Küng
    Hans Küng

    Reverend Father Hans K?ng , is a Roman Catholic Church priest, a Switzerland theologian, and a prolific author. Since 1995 he has been President of the Foundation for a Global Ethic ....
    , Roman Catholic theologian, critic of Catholic doctrine (now banned from teaching Roman Catholic theology at official Catholic institutions)
  • Pope Benedict XVI
    Pope Benedict XVI

    Pope Benedict XVI is the List of popes and reigning Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and, as such, monarch of the Vatican City....
    , formerly known as Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger
  • Charles-Frédéric Reinhard
    Charles-Frédéric Reinhard

    Charles-Fr?d?ric, comte Reinhard was a W?rttembergian-born France diplomat, essayist, and politician who briefly served as the French Consulate's Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1799....
    , politician
  • Philip Schaff
    Philip Schaff

    Philip Schaff , was a Swiss-born, Germany-educated Protestant theology and a historian of the Christianity Christian Church, who, after his education, lived and taught in the United States....
    , Church historian
  • Miroslav Volf
    Miroslav Volf

    Miroslav Volf , is an influential Christianity theology and currently the Henry B. Wright Professor of Theology at Yale University Divinity School and Director of the Yale Center for Faith and Culture....
    , Christian theologian at Yale University
    Yale University

    Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the Colonial Colleges institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League....
    .
  • Jan Paulsen
    Jan Paulsen

    Dr. Jan Paulsen was elected List of Presidents of the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church on March 1, 1999, at the age of 64....
    , Seventh-day Adventist Church
    Seventh-day Adventist Church

    The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Christianity Religious denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance of Saturday, the original Days of the week of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath and Seventh-day Adventism....
     President
  • Denton Lotz, General Secretary of the Baptist World Alliance
    Baptist World Alliance

    The Baptist World Alliance is a worldwide alliance of Baptist churches and organizations, formed in 1905 at Exeter Hall in London during the first Baptist World Congress....
     (until 2007, December 31)


Law

  • Martin Bangemann
    Martin Bangemann

    Martin Bangemann is a Germany politician and a former leader of the Free Democratic Party of Germany . He studied Law in T?bingen and Munich, earned a Juris Doctor in 1962, and qualified as an attorney in 1964....
    , German minister of economy (1984-1988) and EU commissioner (1989-1999)
  • Herta Däubler-Gmelin
    Herta Däubler-Gmelin

    Herta D?ubler-Gmelin is a former Germany Minister of Justice. Amid controversy, she resigned in 2002 after a remark about George W. Bush....
    , German minister of justice (1998-2002)
  • Roman Herzog
    Roman Herzog

    Roman Herzog is a Germany politician and was the President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. He was the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany to be elected to office after the reunification of Germany that took place in 1990, and the second person to serve as all-German head of State since the end of WWII....
    , President of Germany (1994-1999)
  • Philipp Jenninger
    Philipp Jenninger

    Philipp-Hariolf Jenninger is a Politics of Germany of the Christian Democratic Union . He served as President of the Bundestag from 1984 to 1988, when he resigned after protests related to his speech commemorating the anniversary of Kristallnacht....
    , President of the German federal parliament (1984-1988)
  • Klaus Kinkel
    Klaus Kinkel

    Dr. Klaus Kinkel is a Germany politician of the Free Democratic Party of Germany . From 1992 to 1998, he was foreign minister and vice chancellor of Germany....
    , vice-chancellor and minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1993-1998)
  • Gebhard Müller
    Gebhard Müller

    Gebhard M?ller was a Germany lawyer and politician . He was Minister-President of W?rttemberg-Hohenzollern and Baden-W?rttemberg . He was born in Eberhardzell and died in Stuttgart....
    , President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1959-1971)
  • Carlo Schmid
    Carlo Schmid (German politician)

    File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F031735-0003, Bonn, Abschiedsempfang Landesvertretung Hamburg.jpgCarlo Schmid was a Germany academic and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ....
    , German politician and one of the "fathers of the constitution"
  • Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath, Minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1932-1938)
  • Thomas Hoeren
    Thomas Hoeren

    File:Hoeren_Portrait_2009.jpgThomas Hoeren is a Germany law professor and judge with focus on Information technology law and Media law....
    , intellectual property
    Intellectual property

    Intellectual property are law property over creations of the mind, both artistic and commercial, and the corresponding fields of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; ideas, discoveries and inventions; and words, phra...
     judge and lawyer


Economics

  • Helmut Haussmann, German minister of economy (1988-1991)
  • Friedrich List
    Friedrich List

    Friedrich List was a leading 19th Century Germany and American economist who developed the "National System" or what some would call today the National System of Innovation....
  • Horst Köhler
    Horst Köhler

    Horst K?hler is a Germany politician and economist who serves as the current President of Germany. K?hler was narrowly German presidential election, 2004 by the Bundesversammlung on May 23, 2004 and was subsequently inaugurated on July 1, 2004....
    , director of the IMF (2000-2004) and current President of Germany (since 2004)
  • Wilhelm Rall, McKinsey senior partner
  • Jürgen Stark
    Jürgen Stark

    J?rgen Stark , is a German economist who has been a Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since June 2006. Within the Executive Board he is responsible for Economics and for Monetary Analysis....
    , Chief Economist and Member of the Executive Committee of the European Central Bank
    European Central Bank

    The European Central Bank is one of the world's most important central banks, responsible for monetary policy covering the 16 member States of the Eurozone....
  • Klaus Töpfer
    Klaus Töpfer

    Klaus T?pfer is a German politician and environmental politics expert. From 1998 to 2006 he was executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme....
    , United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive-Director of the United Nations Environment Programme
  • Horst Köhler
    Horst Köhler

    Horst K?hler is a Germany politician and economist who serves as the current President of Germany. K?hler was narrowly German presidential election, 2004 by the Bundesversammlung on May 23, 2004 and was subsequently inaugurated on July 1, 2004....
    , President of Germany (since 2004)


German Literature

  • Eugen Gerstenmaier
    Eugen Gerstenmaier

    Eugen Karl Albrecht Gerstenmaier was a Germany Evangelical theologian, Widerstand fighter in the Third Reich, and a Christian Democratic Union politician....
    , President of the German federal parliament (1954-1969)
  • Martin Walser
    Martin Walser

    Martin Walser is a Germany writer. He became famous for describing the conflicts his anti-heroes have in his novels and stories....
    , writer
  • Christoph Martin Wieland
    Christoph Martin Wieland

    Christoph Martin Wieland was a Germany poet and writer....
    , poet
  • Wolfgang Iser
    Wolfgang Iser

    Wolfgang Iser was a German literary scholar....
    , literary theorist


History

  • Kurt Georg Kiesinger
    Kurt Georg Kiesinger

    Kurt Georg Kiesinger was a conservative Germany politician and Chancellor of Germany of West Germany from 1 December 1966 until 21 October 1969....
    , Chancellor of Germany (1966-1969)
  • Rita Süssmuth
    Rita Süssmuth

    Rita S?ssmuth is a German politician and a member of the Christian Democratic Union .From 1985 to 1988, S?ssmuth was federal minister of youth, family and health under Chancellor Helmut Kohl....
    , President of the German federal parliament (1988-1998)
  • Arthur Vööbus, Professor of New Testament and Early Syriac Church History (d. 1988) -- Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago


Archaeology

  • Marija Gimbutas
    Marija Gimbutas

    Marija Gimbutas , was a Lithuanian-American archeology known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old European Culture", a term she introduced....
    , archaeologist


Egyptology

  • Boyo Ockinga
    Boyo Ockinga

    Boyo Ockinga, is an Egyptologist, Epigraphy, and philologist of the ancient Egyptian language, who holds the position of Associate Professor in the Department of Ancient History at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia....
    , Egyptologist


Philosophy

  • Friedrich Hölderlin
    Friedrich Hölderlin

    Johann Christian Friedrich H?lderlin was a major German lyric Poetry. His work bridges the Neoclassicism and Romantic poetry schools.Having spent most of his life tormented by mental illness, he suffered great loneliness, and often spent his time playing the piano, drawing, reading, writing, and enjoyed travelling when he had the chance....
    , poet
  • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
    Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

    Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German people philosopher, and with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, one of the creators of German idealism....
    , philosopher
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, philosopher
  • Burghart Schmidt
    Burghart Schmidt

    Burghart Schmidt is a Germany Philosophy. He is currently professor at Hochschule f?r Gestaltung Offenbach and the University of Applied Arts Vienna....
    , philosopher


Medicine

  • Alois Alzheimer
    Alois Alzheimer

    Aloysius "Alois" Alzheimer, was a Germany psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with the first published case of "presenile dementia", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease....
    , psychiatrist and neuropathologist
  • Victor von Bruns
    Victor von Bruns

    Victor von Bruns was a German surgeon who was born in Helmstedt, and was a professor of surgery at the University of T?bingen. His son, Paul von Bruns was also a professor of surgery at T?bingen....
    , surgeon
  • Karl von Vierordt
    Karl von Vierordt

    Karl von Vierordt was a Germany physician. He studied at the universities of Berlin, G?ttingen, Vienna, and Heidelberg, and began a practice in Karlsruhe in 1842....
    , physiologist

Natural Sciences/Mathematics

  • Bei Shizhang
    Bei Shizhang

    Bei Shizhang is a renowned China biologist and educator. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.He was born in Zhenhai, Zhejiang province on 10 October 1903....
     (1903-), biology
  • Theodor Eimer
    Theodor Eimer

    Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer was a Germany zoologist.Eimer was born in Zurich and in 1875, he became a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the Eberhard Karls University of T?bingen....
     (1843-1898), zoology and comparative anatomy
  • Hans Geiger
    Hans Geiger

    Johannes Wilhelm Geiger was a Germany physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger-Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus....
     (1882-1945), physics
  • Johann Georg Gmelin
    Johann Georg Gmelin

    Johann Georg Gmelin was a Germany natural history, botanist and geographer.Gmelin was born in T?bingen, the son of an apothecary. Hewas a gifted child and graduated with a medicine degree at the age of 18....
     (1709-1755), botany
  • Johannes Kepler
    Johannes Kepler

    Johannes Kepler was a Germans mathematician, astronomer and astrologer, and key figure in the 17th century Scientific revolution. He is best known for his eponymous Kepler's laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astrononomy....
     (1571-1630), astronomy
  • Karl Meissner
    Karl Meissner

    Karl Wilhelm Meissner was a German-American physicist specializing in hyperfine spectroscopy. He spent the greater part of his career in the United States at Purdue University, in West Lafayette, Indiana....
     (1891-1959), physics


Psychology


  • Wolfgang Köhler
    Wolfgang Köhler

    Wolfgang K?hler was a German psychologist who, with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka, founded Gestalt psychology....
    , psychologist
  • Robert Zajonc
    Robert Zajonc

    Robert B. Zajonc was a Polish-born American social psychology psychologist who was known for his decades of work on a wide range of social and cognitive processes....
     (1923-2008), psychologist


See also

  • Robert-Bosch-Hospital
    Robert-Bosch-Hospital

    The Robert-Bosch-Hospital is a charitable hospital in Stuttgart, Germany, which was founded by Robert Bosch in 1936.The hospital was opened in 1973 and is supported by the Robert Bosch Stiftung ....


Bibliography

  • Walter Jens
    Walter Jens

    Walter Jens is a Germany philologist, history of literature, critic, university professor, and writer.In the early 1940s, Jens joined the NSDAP....
    : Eine deutsche Universität. 500 Jahre Tübinger Gelehrtenrepublik, München : Kindler, 1977
  • Tubingensia: Impulse zur Stadt- und Universitätsgeschichte. Festschrift für Wilfried Setzler zum 65. Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von Sönke Lorenz und Volker [Karl] Schäfer. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2008 (Tübinger Bausteine zur Landesgeschichte, 10).


External links

  • - official web site, available in German and English