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Earthenware is a common ceramic
Ceramic

File:Bridge from dental porcelain.jpgFile:Qing vase p1070256.jpgA ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetal solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling....
 material, which is used extensively for pottery
Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries....
 tableware and decorative objects. Although body formulations vary tremendously between countries, and even between individual makers, a generic composition is 25% ball clay
Ball clay

Ball clays are kaolinite sedimentary clays, that commonly consist of 20-80% kaolinite, 10-25% mica, 6-65% quartz. Localized seams in the same deposit have variations in composition, including the quantity of the major minerals, accessory minerals and carbonaceous materials such as lignite....
, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz
Quartz

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust . It is made up of a Crystal structure of silica tetrahedra. Quartz has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale and a density of 2.65 g/cm?....
, and 15% feldspar
Feldspar

Feldspars are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals which make up as much as 60% of the Earth's Crust .Feldspars crystallize from magma in both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, as veins, and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock....
.






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Okinawapottery
Earthenware is a common ceramic
Ceramic

File:Bridge from dental porcelain.jpgFile:Qing vase p1070256.jpgA ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetal solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling....
 material, which is used extensively for pottery
Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries....
 tableware and decorative objects. Although body formulations vary tremendously between countries, and even between individual makers, a generic composition is 25% ball clay
Ball clay

Ball clays are kaolinite sedimentary clays, that commonly consist of 20-80% kaolinite, 10-25% mica, 6-65% quartz. Localized seams in the same deposit have variations in composition, including the quantity of the major minerals, accessory minerals and carbonaceous materials such as lignite....
, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz
Quartz

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust . It is made up of a Crystal structure of silica tetrahedra. Quartz has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale and a density of 2.65 g/cm?....
, and 15% feldspar
Feldspar

Feldspars are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals which make up as much as 60% of the Earth's Crust .Feldspars crystallize from magma in both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks, as veins, and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock....
. Earthenware is one of the oldest materials used in pottery
Pottery

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries....
. While red earthenware made from red clays is very familiar and recognizable, white and buff colored earthenware clays are also commercially available and commonly used.

Earthenware is commonly bisque
Bisque

Bisque can refer to:* Bisque , a piece of unglazed pottery.* Bisque , a thick, creamy soup made from pur?ed seafood or vegetables.* Bisque , an off-white light almond color, usually seen on older kitchen appliances...
, or biscuit, fired to temperatures between 1000 and 1150 °C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
 (1800 and 2100 °F
Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit , who proposed it in 1724. Today, the scale has largely been replaced by the Celsius scale; it is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other countries such as Belize....
), and glost- (glaze-) fired from 950 to 1050 °C (1750 to 1925 °F). However examples of the reverse — low biscuit and high glost firing — can also be found: this can be popular with some studio potters where bisque temperatures may be 900 to 1050 °C (1650 to 1920 °F) with glost temperatures in the range of 1040 to 1150 °C (1900 to 2100 °F). The exact temperature will be influenced by the raw materials used and the desired characteristics of the finished ware. The higher firing temperatures are likely to cause earthenware to bloat. After firing, the body is porous and opaque with colours ranging from white to red depending on the raw materials used.

Earthenware may sometimes be as thin as bone china
Bone china

Bone china is a type of porcelain body first developed in Kingdom of Great Britain in which calcination cattle bone is a major component. It is characterised by high whiteness, translucency and strength....
 and other porcelain
Porcelain

Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and ....
s, though it is not translucent and is more easily chipped. Earthenware is also less strong, less tough, and more porous than stoneware
Stoneware

Stoneware a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic ware of fine texture made primarily from non-refractory fire clay....
 - but its low cost and easier working compensate for these deficiencies. Due to its higher porosity
Porosity

Porosity is a measure of the void spaces in a material, and is measured as a fraction, between 0?1, or as a percentage between 0?100%. The term is used in multiple fields including ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, earth sciences and construction....
, earthenware must usually be glazed
Ceramic glaze

Glaze is a layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fired to fuse to a ceramic object to color, decorate, strengthen or waterproof it....
 in order to be watertight.

Types of earthenware

  • Creamware
    Creamware

    Creamware is a cream-coloured earthenware created about 1750 by the potters of Staffordshire, England, which proved ideal for domestic ware. It was popular until the 1820s....
  • Delftware
    Delftware

    File:Delft_vases_1725_1760.jpgDelftware, or Delft pottery, denotes blue and white pottery made in and around Delft in the Netherlands and the tin-glazing pottery made in the Netherlands from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries....
  • Faience
    Faience

    Faience or fa?ence is the conventional name in English language for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff body. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an stannous oxide to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major advance in the history of pottery....
  • Tin-glazed pottery
    Tin-glazed pottery

    Tin-glazed pottery is pottery covered in glaze containing tin oxide which is white, shiny and opaque. The pottery body is usually made of red or buff colored earthenware and the white glaze was often used to imitate Chinese porcelain....
  • Victorian majolica
    Victorian majolica

    Victorian Majolica is earthenware pottery made in 19th century Britain, Europe and the USA with molded surfaces and colorful clear lead glazes....
  • Raku
    Raku

    Raku-yaki , or Raku ware, is a type of Japanese pottery that is traditionally and primarily used in the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan, most often in the form of tea bowls....
  • Terra cotta
    Terra cotta

    Terra cotta, Terracotta or Terra-cotta is a clay-based unglazed ceramic. Its uses include vessels, water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in building construction, along with sculpture such as the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines....


See also

  • Pottery
    Pottery

    Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. Major types of pottery include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The places where such wares are made are called potteries....
  • Porcelain
    Porcelain

    Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and ....


External links

  • – 1827 text on the manufacture of earthenware