Earl of Derwentwater
Encyclopedia
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
. It was created in 1688 for Sir Francis Radclyffe, 3rd Baronet
Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater
Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater , of Dilston Castle was an English peer and member of the House of Lords. His wife was Catherine Fenwick....
. He was made Baron Tyndale, of Tyndale in the County of Northumberland, and Viscount Radclyffe and Langley at the same time, also in the Peerage of England. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He married Lady Mary Tudor
Lady Mary Tudor
Lady Mary Tudor was the illegitimate daughter of Charles II of England by his mistress, the actress and singer Mary 'Moll' Davis, a celebrated rival of Nell Gwynn, King Charles' London-born mistress who was also an actress...
, daughter of Charles II
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
by his mistress Moll Davis
Moll Davis
Mary "Moll" Davis was a seventeenth-century entertainer and courtesan, singer and actress who became one of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England.- Early life, theatre career:...
. Their eldest son, the third Earl, was a prominent Jacobite
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
. In 1716 he was convicted of high treason
High treason
High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's government. Participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting to kill its head of state are perhaps...
, attainted
Attainder
In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime . It entails losing not only one's property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs...
and executed on Tower Hill
Tower Hill
Tower Hill is an elevated spot northwest of the Tower of London, just outside the limits of the City of London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Formerly it was part of the Tower Liberty under the direct administrative control of Tower...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. Despite having been stripped of his titles through the attainder, his only son John, titular 4th Earl of Derwentwater, continued to use them. On John's early death in 1731 they were claimed by his uncle, Charles Radclyffe
Charles Radclyffe
Charles Radclyffe titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater, who claimed the title Fifth Earl of Derwentwater...
, titular 5th Earl. He was also a Jacobite but managed to escape to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
after the 1715 rebellion, where he was secretary to Charles Edward Stuart
Charles Edward Stuart
Prince Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or The Young Pretender was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of Great Britain , and Ireland...
("Bonnie Prince Charlie"). However, he was captured by British forces in 1746, condemned to death and beheaded. Charles married Charlotte Maria, 3rd Countess of Newburgh
Earl of Newburgh
The title Earl of Newburgh was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1660 for James Livingston, 1st Viscount of Newburgh, along with the subsidiary titles Viscount of Kynnaird and Lord Levingston....
. Their eldest son James succeeded his mother as 4th Earl of Newburgh and his father as titular 6th Earl of Derwentwater. James's son Anthony succeeded in the titles on his father's death in 1787. However, the male line died out on his death in 1814, when the Radclyffe titles became technically extinct. The title has not been used since. However, he was succeeded in the earldom of Newburgh by an Italian kinsman (see Earl of Newburgh
Earl of Newburgh
The title Earl of Newburgh was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1660 for James Livingston, 1st Viscount of Newburgh, along with the subsidiary titles Viscount of Kynnaird and Lord Levingston....
for further history of this title). The Baronetcy, of Derwentwater in the County of Cumberland, was created in the Baronetage of England in 1620 for Francis Radclyffe.
Radclyffe Baronets, of Derwentwater (1620)
- Sir Francis Radclyffe, 1st Baronet (1569–1622)
- Sir Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Baronet (1589–1663)
- Sir Francis Radclyffe, 3rd BaronetFrancis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of DerwentwaterFrancis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater , of Dilston Castle was an English peer and member of the House of Lords. His wife was Catherine Fenwick....
(1625–1697) (created Earl of Derwentwater in 1688)
Earls of Derwentwater (1688)
- Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of DerwentwaterFrancis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of DerwentwaterFrancis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater , of Dilston Castle was an English peer and member of the House of Lords. His wife was Catherine Fenwick....
(1625–1697) - Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of DerwentwaterEdward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of DerwentwaterEdward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater was an English peer, styled Viscount Radclyffe from 1688 to 1695.He inherited the earldom from his father, Francis Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Derwentwater in 1697...
(1655–1705) - James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of DerwentwaterJames Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of DerwentwaterJames Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater was an English Jacobite, executed for treason. His death is remembered in an English traditional ballad, "Lord Allenwater", collected by Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1904 from the singing of Emily Stears.-Life:He was the son of Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of...
(1689–1716) (forfeit 1716)
Titular Earls of Derwentwater
- John Radclyffe, titular 4th Earl of Derwentwater (1713–1731)
- Charles Radclyffe, titular 5th Earl of DerwentwaterCharles RadclyffeCharles Radclyffe titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater, who claimed the title Fifth Earl of Derwentwater...
(1693–1746) - James Bartholomew Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Newburgh and titular 6th Earl of Derwentwater (1725–1787)
- Anthony James Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Newburgh and titular 7th Earl of Derwentwater (1757–1814)
Estates after the attainder
The family estates were not forfeited on the attainder of the 3rd Earl, because his son's right to them under his marriage settlement was established before the Court of Delegates on appeal from the Forfeit Estates Commission, but the forfeiture took effect on his death in 1731. The estates were granted to Greenwich HospitalGreenwich Hospital
Greenwich Hospital can refer to:*Greenwich Hospital , USA*Greenwich Hospital , UK...
in 1735. However, after the execution of Charles Ratcliffe in 1746, his son James, Lord Kinnard, claimed them. This claim was compromised by £30,000 being paid to him and his siblings. On his death in 1746, his son obtained an annuity of £2500 for himself and his widow. The estates remained in the hands of the Hospital Commissioners until 1865, when they were transferred by the Greenwich Hospital Act 1865 to the Admiralty Board, who sold them.
External links
- The Radcliffes of Dilston Hall