EMD SD70 series
Encyclopedia
The EMD SD70 is a series of diesel-electric locomotives produced by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors beginning in 1992. Over 4000 locomotives in this series have been produced, mostly of the SD70M and SD70MAC models. All locomotives of this series are hood unit
Hood unit
A hood unit, in railroad terminology, is a body style for diesel and electric locomotives. On a hood unit, the body of the locomotive is less than full-width for most of the locomotive's length, with walkways on the outside of the locomotive. In contrast, a cab unit has a full-width carbody for...

s with C-C trucks. All SD70 models up to the SD70ACe and SD70M-2 have the HTCR Radial truck, rather than the HT-C truck
HT-C truck
The HT-C truck was created in 1970 by Electro-Motive Diesel as a component of their range of railway locomotives through to 1994. It was mounted under the experimental EMD SD45X, and applied to a majority of EMD Dash 2, 50 and 60 series six axle units built by EMD...

; the self-steering radial truck was designed to allow the axles to steer in curves, reducing wear on the wheels and railhead. With the introduction of the SD70ACe and SD70M-2, in an effort to reduce cost EMD introduced a new bolsterless non-radial HTSC truck as the standard truck for these models. The radial truck, now the HTCR-4, is still an option.

SD70

The SD70 uses the smaller standard cab
Cab (locomotive)
The cab, crew compartment or driver's compartment of a locomotive is the part of the locomotive housing the train driver or engineer, the fireman or driver's assistant , and the controls necessary for the locomotive's operation....

 or spartan cab, common on older locomotives, instead of the larger new comfort cab. This model also has DC
Direct current
Direct current is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through...

 traction motor
Traction motor
Traction motor refers to an electric motor providing the primary rotational torque of a machine, usually for conversion into linear motion ....

s, which simplifies the electrical system by cutting out the need for computer-controlled inverters
Inverter (electrical)
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current to alternating current ; the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits....

. One hundred twenty examples of this model locomotive were produced, for Norfolk Southern Railway
Norfolk Southern Railway
The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I railroad in the United States, owned by the Norfolk Southern Corporation. With headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, the company operates 21,500 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia and the province of Ontario, Canada...

, Conrail
Consolidated Rail Corporation
The Consolidated Rail Corporation, commonly known as Conrail , was the primary Class I railroad in the Northeast U.S. between 1976 and 1999. The federal government created it to take over the potentially profitable lines of bankrupt carriers, including the Penn Central Transportation Company and...

, Illinois Central
Illinois Central Railroad
The Illinois Central Railroad , sometimes called the Main Line of Mid-America, is a railroad in the central United States, with its primary routes connecting Chicago, Illinois with New Orleans, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama. A line also connected Chicago with Sioux City, Iowa...

 and Southern Peru Copper. (Conrail
Consolidated Rail Corporation
The Consolidated Rail Corporation, commonly known as Conrail , was the primary Class I railroad in the Northeast U.S. between 1976 and 1999. The federal government created it to take over the potentially profitable lines of bankrupt carriers, including the Penn Central Transportation Company and...

 was partly absorbed by Norfolk Southern Railway
Norfolk Southern Railway
The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I railroad in the United States, owned by the Norfolk Southern Corporation. With headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, the company operates 21,500 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia and the province of Ontario, Canada...

 in 1999, and all 24 of Conrail's SD70 engines went to NS. These SD70s were ordered to NS specifications, as NS and CSXT modified CRs SD80MAC order for SD70s for NS and SD70MACs for CSX)

Production of the standard cab at London ended in 1994. The 24 Conrail SD70s were assembled from kits at Juniata, and the IC and SPC SD70s were assembled from kits at Super Steel Schenectady. Nearly all SD70s are still in service with Norfolk Southern Railway and Canadian National, which merged with the Illinois Central in 1999.

Numbers: NS 2501-2556, 2557-2580 (Ex-Conrail), IC 1000-1039 (IC 1006, 1013, 1014, 1023 wrecked and retired).

SD70M

The SD70M has a wide nose and a large comfort cab (officially known as the "North American Safety Cab"), allowing crew members to ride more comfortably inside of the locomotive than the older standard cab designs. There are two versions of this cab on SD70Ms, the Phase I, which was introduced on the SD60M, and is home on the SD80MAC and SD90MACs and the Phase II, which made a return to a more boxy design a la the original 3 window SD60M cabs. Though the Phase II cab has a two piece window matching the Phase I cab windows, the lines of the nose are boxy, with a taller square midsection for more headroom. The SD70ACe/SD70M-2 line has what is considered the Phase II cab, but it is actually more so a Phase III cab, as the windows went from the teardrop design to a rectangular window. Like the SD70, the SD70M also uses DC traction motors. Starting in mid-2000, the SD70M was produced with SD45
EMD SD45
The EMD SD45 is a six-axle diesel locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between December, 1965, and December, 1971. Power was provided by an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine which generated 3,600 HP. This locomotive shared the same common frame with the EMD SD38, EMD SD39, EMD...

-style flared radiators allowing for the larger radiator cores needed for split-cooling (split-cooling is a feature that separates the coolant circuit for the prime mover and the circuit for the air pumps and turbocharger). There are two versions of this radiator, the older version with two (2) large radiator panels per side, and the newer style with four (4) square panels per side. This was due to the enactment of the EPA's Tier I environmental regulations. Production of the SD70M was replaced by the SD70M-2 in late 2004, as the EPA's Tier II regulations went into effect on January 1, 2005. 1,646 examples of this model locomotive were produced. SD70M models were produced with 4000 horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...

 (2,980 kW) EMD Model 710
EMD 710
The EMD 710 is a line of diesel engines built by Electro-Motive Diesel . The 710 series largely replaced the earlier EMD 645 series. The EMD 710 is a large two-stroke diesel engine that has a displacement per cylinder. Since its introduction, EMD has continually upgraded the 710G diesel engine...

 prime movers
Prime mover (locomotive)
In engineering, a prime mover is an engine that converts fuel to useful work. In locomotives, the prime mover is thus the source of power for its propulsion. The term is generally used when discussing any locomotive powered by an internal combustion engine...

. Purchasers included CSX, New York Susquehanna & Western (part of EMDX order #946531), Norfolk Southern and Southern Pacific (now part of UP), but the vast majority were purchased by Union Pacific.

This locomotive model is also built for export, and is still catalogued by EMD (at 4300 hp). CVG Ferrominera Orinoco has 6 SD70Ms that were built as an add-on order to UPs FIRE cab equipped SD70Ms. Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
Vale S.A. Vale S.A. Vale S.A. (BM&F Bovespa: / , / , / , / , is an Brazilian diversified mining multinational corporation and one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil. In addition to being the second-largest mining company in the world, Vale is also the largest producer of iron ore,...

 (CVRD) in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

 has ordered 55 of this model for service in Carajas pulling trainloads of iron
Iron
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...

 ore. Since CVRD track is gauged
Rail gauge
Track gauge or rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the heads of the two load bearing rails that make up a single railway line. Sixty percent of the world's railways use a standard gauge of . Wider gauges are called broad gauge; smaller gauges, narrow gauge. Break-of-gauge refers...

 at 1600 mm, a wider bogie
Bogie
A bogie is a wheeled wagon or trolley. In mechanics terms, a bogie is a chassis or framework carrying wheels, attached to a vehicle. It can be fixed in place, as on a cargo truck, mounted on a swivel, as on a railway carriage/car or locomotive, or sprung as in the suspension of a caterpillar...

, the HTSC2, was designed for these units by EMD.

Numbers: UP 2001-2002, 3778-5231 (4687 Withdrawn), EMD 7000-7024 to CSXT 4675-4699, NS 2581-2648

SD70I

The SD70I is a version of the SD70M which has been fitted with a cab that is isolated from the frame of the locomotive with rubber gaskets (officially known as a "WhisperCab"). The isolation reduces noise and vibration from the prime mover. A seam is visible across the nose and on the long hood where the cab connects with the body. 26 examples of this model locomotive were produced, all for Canadian National. The WhisperCab feature was incorporated into some SD70MAC and later models.

Numbers: CN 5600-5625

SD70MAC

The SD70MAC (colloquially known as a "Mac" or a "70 Mac") is very similar to the SD70M and SD70I (the SD70I's WhisperCab feature was a build-to-order option), the main difference being that the SD70MAC uses AC
Alternating current
In alternating current the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. In direct current , the flow of electric charge is only in one direction....

 traction motors. AC motors, while simpler and more reliable than DC motors, require expensive inverters to generate a variable-frequency AC signal, raising the locomotive's purchase cost substantially. The majority of SD70MAC models were produced with 4000 horsepower (2,980 kW) EMD Model 710
EMD 710
The EMD 710 is a line of diesel engines built by Electro-Motive Diesel . The 710 series largely replaced the earlier EMD 645 series. The EMD 710 is a large two-stroke diesel engine that has a displacement per cylinder. Since its introduction, EMD has continually upgraded the 710G diesel engine...

 prime movers
Prime mover (locomotive)
In engineering, a prime mover is an engine that converts fuel to useful work. In locomotives, the prime mover is thus the source of power for its propulsion. The term is generally used when discussing any locomotive powered by an internal combustion engine...

, while later-production SD70MACs are rated at 4300 horsepower (3,210 kW) and feature SD45
EMD SD45
The EMD SD45 is a six-axle diesel locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between December, 1965, and December, 1971. Power was provided by an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine which generated 3,600 HP. This locomotive shared the same common frame with the EMD SD38, EMD SD39, EMD...

-style flared radiators. They were also offered with a head-end power generation system for passenger trains. (The SD70MAC is no longer produced due to EPA regulations and has been replaced by the SD70ACe.) Over 1500 examples of this locomotive model were produced. Purchasers include Burlington Northern (now BNSF Railway
BNSF Railway
The BNSF Railway is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., and is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is one of seven North American Class I railroads and the second largest freight railroad network in North America, second only to the Union Pacific Railroad, its primary...

), Conrail (engines now owned by CSX Transportation
CSX Transportation
CSX Transportation operates a Class I railroad in the United States known as the CSX Railroad. It is the main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation. The company is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, and owns approximately 21,000 route miles...

), CSX, TFM/Kansas City Southern Railway
Kansas City Southern Railway
The Kansas City Southern Railway , owned by Kansas City Southern Industries, is the smallest and second-oldest Class I railroad company still in operation. KCS was founded in 1887 and is currently operating in a region consisting of ten central U.S. states...

 and the Alaska Railroad
Alaska Railroad
The Alaska Railroad is a Class II railroad which extends from Seward and Whittier, in the south of the state of Alaska, in the United States, to Fairbanks , and beyond to Eielson Air Force Base and Fort Wainwright in the interior of that state...

.

Numbers: ARR 4001-4016, 4317-4328 (these 12 units have Tier 1 flared radiators and are equipped with HEP generators for passenger service), BNSF 8800-8989 (8876 retired), 9400-9499 (Ex BN), 9504-9999, CSXT 4500-4574, 4575-4589 (Ex Conrail), 4701-4830, TFM 1600-1674.

SD70ACe

The SD70ACe is similar to the SD70MAC; however, it has been updated to meet the latest EPA regulations for road locomotives. Several other changes were included as well. The radiator on the locomotive is nearly as wide as the cab, and looks similar to the radiator on the SD80 and SD90 series of locomotives. The nose has been modified, producing a much more angular nose than previous models. The cables and brake lines have been routed beneath the walkways, allowing for easy access by maintenance workers. SD70ACe models are rated at 4300 hp. As of 2005, 191 examples of this model locomotive have been produced. Purchasers include BNSF Railway
BNSF Railway
The BNSF Railway is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., and is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is one of seven North American Class I railroads and the second largest freight railroad network in North America, second only to the Union Pacific Railroad, its primary...

, CSX Transportation
CSX Transportation
CSX Transportation operates a Class I railroad in the United States known as the CSX Railroad. It is the main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation. The company is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, and owns approximately 21,000 route miles...

, Ferromex
Ferromex
Ferromex is a private rail consortium that operates the largest railroad in Mexico.-Description:...

, Kansas City Southern Railway
Kansas City Southern Railway
The Kansas City Southern Railway , owned by Kansas City Southern Industries, is the smallest and second-oldest Class I railroad company still in operation. KCS was founded in 1887 and is currently operating in a region consisting of ten central U.S. states...

, Montana RailLink, CVG Ferrominera Orinoco , Union Pacific Railroad
Union Pacific Railroad
The Union Pacific Railroad , headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. James R. Young is president, CEO and Chairman....

 and Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway, BHP Billiton. Norfolk Southern has 25 units on order.http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=2401315

Numbers

Railroad Numbers Other Notes
BNSF 9130-9399 None
NS 1000-1064 1025-1064 Currently being delivered
UP 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1996 (Heritage Fleet), 4141 (Bush unit), 8309-8670 None
CSX 4831-4850 None
MRL 4300-4315 None
FXE 4000-4019 None
BHP 4324-4355 4324-4333 were intended for BNSF
KCS 3997-3999, 4000-4029, 4030-4059, 4060-4129 3997-3999 ex EMD demonstrators
QNS&L 501-513 None


Five SD90MAC-Hs are being converted to SD70ACe for Fortescue Metals Group
Fortescue Metals Group
Fortescue Metals Group is an Australian iron ore mining company. The company has holdings of more than 87,000 km² in the Pilbara region of Western Australia making it the largest tenement holder in the state. It is listed as FMG on the Australian Securities Exchange .In 2008, the group loaded...

 in Australia.http://www.altoonaworks.info/rebuilds/fmg_sd70ace.html)

SD70ACe/lc

SD70ACe/lc is a low clearance, export version of the SD70ACe.

In 2004, BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton
BHP Billiton is a global mining, oil and gas company headquartered in Melbourne, Australia and with a major management office in London, United Kingdom...

 of Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

 ordered 14 SD70ACe/lc locomotives for use in iron ore hauling; the "lc" in the model designation stands for "low clearance" as these locomotives are designed to negotiate the tight clearances under the mine equipment.

Certain external differences between the SD70ACe and SD70ACe/lc models include the addition of marker lights, number boxes lower in the body rather on top of the cab, windscreen protector panels (to deflect abrasive iron ore when in mid train position), fire suppression canisters, louvre style vents, different horn and subtle differences with handrails.

Of the first batch of SD70ACe/lc (Numbers 4300-4313), 4301-4313 are named after sidings on the BHP system. 4300 is used for spare parts and has never seen service. The second batch of locomotives (Numbers 4313-4323), have a newly designed isolated cab. An order for a third batch of 13 SD70ACe/lcs (Numbers 4334-4346) was placed with EMD in August 2007. But such was the demand for locomotive power in the Pilbara region, ten SD70ACe destined for BNSF were purchased before this third batch was constructed, becoming numbers 4324-4333. These ten ex-BNSF locos (ex-9166, 9167, 9184-9191) are in the BNSF Orange with white BHP Billiton lettering and are standard North American SD70ACe units. Some modifications have been made to bring them inline with the rest of the fleet. A fifth batch of SD70ACe/lc (Numbers 4347-4355) were delivered to BHP Billiton in July 2009.

An Additional 18 units (Numbers 4356-4373) were delivered in the 2nd half of 2010, bringing the total of SD70ACe type locomotives to 73 + 1 for spare parts.

SD70ACS

SD70ACS is a 4500 hp AC variant for heavy haul freight, used in desert environments. The first 25 units were ordered for Saudi Railway Company (SAR) in April 2009 and assembled in the London, Ontario
London, Ontario
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, situated along the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 352,395, and the metropolitan area has a population of 457,720, according to the 2006 Canadian census; the metro population in 2009 was estimated at 489,274. The city...

 plant for delivery in the 2nd half of 2010. Special features include a pulse filtration system, movable sand plows, EM2000 control system and FIRE display system.

Mauritania's Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière placed a contract for 6 SD70ACS locomotives in October 2010.

In July 2011 Etihad Railway ordered 7 SD70ACS locomotives for delivery in 2012.

SD70M-2

The SD70M-2 is a DC traction version of the SD70ACe, and the two models are nearly identical in every other respect. SD70M-2 models are rated at 4300 hp each. As of 2007, 284 examples of this model locomotive have been produced. Examples are owned by Norfolk Southern Railway
Norfolk Southern Railway
The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I railroad in the United States, owned by the Norfolk Southern Corporation. With headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, the company operates 21,500 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia and the province of Ontario, Canada...

, CIT Financial, Canadian National and eight units for the Florida East Coast Railway
Florida East Coast Railway
The Florida East Coast Railway is a Class II railroad operating in the U.S. state of Florida; in the past, it has been a Class I railroad.Built primarily in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, the FEC was a project of Standard Oil principal Henry Morrison...

.

Numbers

Railroad Numbers Notes
CITX 140-142 Leased to FEC
NS 2649-2778 None
FEC 100-107 103-107 under lease by RailAmerica
CN 8000-8024, 8800-8964 None


All SD70M-2s, except for the ones bought by CITX, are equipped with the Airchime model K5LLA air horn
Train horn
Train horns are audible warning devices found on most diesel and electric locomotives. Their primary purpose is to alert persons and animals to the presence of a train, especially when approaching a grade crossing. They are also used for acknowledging signals given by railroad employees Train horns...

and an electronic bell.

Original Buyers


Owner SD70 SD70I SD70M SD70MAC SD70M-2 SD70ACe SD70ACe/lc SD70ACS
Alaska Railroad 28
BHP Billiton Iron Ore 10 46
BNSF Railway 473 270
Burlington Northern Railroad 313
CSX Transportation 205 20
CVG Ferrominera Orinoco 6 7
Canadian National Railway 26 190
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) 55
Conrail 24 15
EMD 25 3 4
Ferromex (FXE) 54
Florida East Coast Railway 8
Illinois Central Railroad 40
Kansas City Southern Railway 133
Montana Rail Link 16
Norfolk Southern Railway 80 68 130 38
New York Susquehanna and Western 3
Quebec North Shore and Labrador 13
Saudi Railway Company (SAR) 25
Southern Pacific 25
Southern Peru Copper 2
Transportacion Ferroviaria Mexicana (TFM) 75 15
Union Pacific Railroad 1427 365
Total 146 26 1609 1109 334 980 46 25
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