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Dysphoria
 
 
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Dysphoria (from Greek d?sf???? (dysphoros), from d?s-, difficult, and f???, to bear) is generally characterized as an unpleasant or uncomfortable mood, such as sadness (depressed mood
Depression (mood)

In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to sadness and other related emotions and behaviours. It can be thought of as either a disease or a syndrome....
), anxiety
Anxiety

Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry....
, irritability
Irritability

Irritability is an excessive response to stimulus . Irritability takes many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched, to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals....
, or restlessness. Etymologically, it is the opposite of euphoria
Euphoria (emotion)

Euphoria is medically recognized as an emotional and mental state defined as a sense of great happiness and quality_of_life. Technically, euphoria is an affect , but the term is often colloquially used to define emotion as an intense, Wiktionary:transcendent happiness combined with an overwhelming sense of well-being....
.

Dysphoria refers only to a condition of mood and may be experienced in response to ordinary life events, such as illness or grief. Additionally, it is a feature of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal and pathological fears and anxieties.Although in casual discourse the words anxiety, fear, and phobia are often used interchangeably, in clinical usage, they have distinct meanings....
s and mood disorder
Mood disorder

A mood disorder is the term given for a group of diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification system where a disturbance in the person's Mood is hypothesised to be the main underlying feature....
s.






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Dysphoria (from Greek d?sf???? (dysphoros), from d?s-, difficult, and f???, to bear) is generally characterized as an unpleasant or uncomfortable mood, such as sadness (depressed mood
Depression (mood)

In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to sadness and other related emotions and behaviours. It can be thought of as either a disease or a syndrome....
), anxiety
Anxiety

Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry....
, irritability
Irritability

Irritability is an excessive response to stimulus . Irritability takes many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched, to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals....
, or restlessness. Etymologically, it is the opposite of euphoria
Euphoria (emotion)

Euphoria is medically recognized as an emotional and mental state defined as a sense of great happiness and quality_of_life. Technically, euphoria is an affect , but the term is often colloquially used to define emotion as an intense, Wiktionary:transcendent happiness combined with an overwhelming sense of well-being....
.

Dysphoria refers only to a condition of mood and may be experienced in response to ordinary life events, such as illness or grief. Additionally, it is a feature of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal and pathological fears and anxieties.Although in casual discourse the words anxiety, fear, and phobia are often used interchangeably, in clinical usage, they have distinct meanings....
s and mood disorder
Mood disorder

A mood disorder is the term given for a group of diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification system where a disturbance in the person's Mood is hypothesised to be the main underlying feature....
s. Dysphoria is usually experienced during depressive episodes, but in people with bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a Classification of mental disorders that describes a category of mood disorders, or mood swings, defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania....
, it may also be experienced during manic
Mania

Mania is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, unusual thought patterns and sometimes psychosis. There are several possible causes for mania including drug abuse and brain tumours, but it is most often associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania may cyclically alternate with episodes of ma...
 or hypomanic
Hypomania

Hypomania is a Mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elevated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state....
 episodes. Dysphoria in the context of a mood disorder indicates a heightened risk of suicide
Suicide

Suicide is the intentional taking of one's own life. Many dictionaries also note the metaphorical sense of "willful destruction of one's self-interest"....
.

Dysphoria can be chemically induced by substances including µ-opioid
Mu Opioid receptor

The ? opioid receptors are a class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins....
 antagonist
Receptor antagonist

A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that does not provoke a biological response itself upon binding to a Receptor , but blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses....
s and selective ?-opioid
Kappa Opioid receptor

The ?-Opioid receptor is a type of opioid receptor which binds the peptide opioid dynorphin as the primary endogenous ligand. ? receptors are widely distributed in the brain, spinal cord, and in pain neurons....
 agonist
Agonist

An agonist is a term used to describe a type of Ligand or drug that binds and alters the activity of a Receptor . The ability to alter the activity of a receptor, also known as the agonist's efficacy is a property that distinguishes it from receptor antagonist, a type of receptor ligand which also binds a receptor but which does not alter t...
s. Dysphoria is also one of the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycaemia or hypoglycemia is the medical term for a Pathology state produced by a lower than normal level of Blood glucose. The term hypoglycemia literally means "under-sweet blood" ....
.

Conditions related to dysphoria

The following conditions may include dysphoria as a major component or symptom.

  • Clinical depression
    Clinical depression

    Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive depression , low self-esteem, and anhedonia in normally enjoyable activities....
     (unipolar) and dysthymia
    Dysthymia

    Dysthymia is a chronic depression mood disorder that falls within the Clinical depression. It is considered a chronic depression, but with less severity than major depressive disorder....
  • Bipolar disorder
    Bipolar disorder

    Bipolar disorder is a Classification of mental disorders that describes a category of mood disorders, or mood swings, defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania....
     and cyclothymia
    Cyclothymia

    Cyclothymia is a mood disorder; a very mild form of bipolar disorder. It is defined in the bipolar spectrum. Specifically, this disorder is a mild form of bipolar II disorder consisting of recurrent mood disturbances between hypomania and dysthymic mood....
  • Premenstrual Syndrome
  • Adjustment disorder
    Adjustment disorder

    In psychology, adjustment disorder is a classification of mental disorder that is a psychological response from an identifiable stressor or group of stressors that causes significant emotional or behavioral symptoms that does not meet criteria for more specific disorders....
     with depressed mood
  • General anxiety disorder
    General anxiety disorder

    Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about everyday things that is disproportionate to the actual source of worry....
  • Gender identity disorder
    Gender identity disorder

    Gender identity disorder is the formal diagnosis used by psychologists and physicians to describe persons who experience significant gender dysphoria ....
    , sometimes called gender dysphoria
  • Personality disorder
    Personality disorder

    Personality disorders, formerly referred to as character disorders, are a class of Personality psychology styles which deviate from the contemporary expectations of a society....
    s such as borderline personality disorder
    Borderline personality disorder

    Borderline Personality Disorder is a psychiatry in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that describes a prolonged personality disorder characterized by depth and variability of moods....
     and avoidant personality disorder
    Avoidant personality disorder

    Avoidant personality disorder is a personality disorder recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders handbook, characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and avoidance of social interaction....
  • Substance withdrawal
    Withdrawal

    Withdrawal, also known as withdrawal/abstinence syndrome, refers to the characteristic signs and symptoms that appear when a drug that causes physical dependence is regularly used for a long time and then suddenly discontinued or decreased in dosage....
  • Body dysmorphic disorder
    Body dysmorphic disorder

    Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental disorder in which the affected person is excessively concerned about and preoccupied by an imagined or minor defect in their Body image....
  • Hypoglycemia
    Hypoglycemia

    Hypoglycaemia or hypoglycemia is the medical term for a Pathology state produced by a lower than normal level of Blood glucose. The term hypoglycemia literally means "under-sweet blood" ....
  • Schizophrenia
    Schizophrenia

    Schizophrenia , from the Ancient Greek Root schizein and phren, phren- is a psychiatry diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality....


See also

  • Self-medication
    Self-medication

    Self-medication is the use of drugs, including alcohol, or self-soothing forms of behavior, to treat a perceived or real malady. Self-medication is often referred to in the context of a person self-medicating, in order to alleviate their own distress or pain....