Duluth is a
port||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and/or transferring cargo. It is usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. The best ports have deep water in channels or berths, and protection from the wind and waves...
cityA city is a relatively large and permanent settlement, particularly a large urban settlement. Although there is no agreement on technical definitions distinguishing a city from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status...
in the
U.S. stateA U.S. state is any one of 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government . Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile...
of
MinnesotaMinnesota is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. The twelfth largest state by area in the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.2 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the...
and the
county seatA county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county or civil parish, primarily used in the United States. In the Northeast United States, the statutory term often is shire town, but colloquially county seat is the term in use there...
of
St. Louis CountySt. Louis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2000, the population was 200,528. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county by area in Minnesota, and the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River; in land area alone, the second largest after...
. The fourth largest city in Minnesota, Duluth had a total population of 86,918 in the 2000 census and 84,397 according to July 1, 2007 census estimates. The Duluth
MSAIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. These are referred to as "Metropolitan Statistical Areas" and "Combined Statistical Areas" . An earlier version of the MSA was the "Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area" . MSAs are...
had a population of 275,486 in 2000. At the westernmost point of the Great Lakes on the
north shoreThe North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the east...
of
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
, Duluth is linked to the
Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres , it covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface and about one-quarter of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to the Atlas of Greek...
away via the
Great LakesThe Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth. They are sometimes referred to as the "Third...
and
Erie CanalThe Erie Canal is a man-made waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes...
/New York State Barge Canal or
Saint Lawrence SeawayThe St. Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the North American Great Lakes, as far as Lake Superior. Legally it extends from Montreal to Lake Erie, including the Welland Canal and the locks at Sault Ste....
passages and is the Atlantic Ocean's westernmost deep-water port.
Duluth forms a
metropolitan areaA metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence, or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central cities and their zone of influence...
with
Superior, WisconsinSuperior is a city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 27,368 at the 2000 census. Located at the junction of U.S. Routes 2 and 53, it is just north of and adjacent to both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior.Superior is situated at...
. Called the
Twin PortsThe Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin are located at the western part of Lake Superior . They are twin cities and seaports, connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Twin Ports are at the core of the U.S...
, these two cities share the Duluth-Superior Harbor and together are one of the most important ports on the Great Lakes, shipping
coalCoal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
,
iron oreIron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite , hematite , goethite, limonite or...
(
taconiteTaconite is an iron-bearing, high-silica, flint-like rock. It is a Precambrian sedimentary rock referred to as a banded iron formation due to the typical alternating iron-rich layers and shale or chert layers. The very finely dispersed iron content, present as magnetite, is generally 25 to 30%...
), and
grainCereals, grains or cereal grains, {as a collective} are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their fruit seeds - the endocarp, germ and bran...
. As a
touristTourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other...
destination for the
MidwestThe Midwestern United States is one of the four geographic regions within the United States of America that are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau....
, Duluth features America's only all-freshwater aquarium, the
Great Lakes AquariumGreat Lakes Aquarium is the only aquarium in the United States that focuses on freshwater exhibits. It is housed in a three-story building in Duluth, Minnesota on the shores of Lake Superior and has numerous large and smaller satellite tanks that comprise the 120,000 gallon facility...
, the
Aerial Lift BridgeThe Aerial Lift Bridge is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth, Minnesota. The span is a vertical lift bridge, which is rather uncommon, but it began life as an extremely rare transporter bridge—the first of just two such bridges ever constructed in the United States...
which spans the short
canalCanals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canal: aqueduct canals are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterway canals are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.The word...
into Duluth's harbor, "Park Point", the world's longest freshwater sandbar, spanning 6 miles, and is a launching point for the
North ShoreThe North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the east...
.
The city is named for
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du LhutDaniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut was a French soldier and explorer who is the first European known to have visited the area where the city of Duluth, Minnesota is now located and the headwaters of the Mississippi River near Grand Rapids...
, the first known
EuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
an explorer of the area.
Pre-founding
Native AmericanNative Americans in the United States is the phrase that describes indigenous peoples from North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of...
tribes had occupied the Duluth area for thousands of years. The original inhabitants are believed to have been members of Paleo-Indian cultures, followed by the "Old Copper" people, who hunted with
spear pointsClovis points are the characteristically-fluted projectile points associated with the North American Clovis culture. They date to the Paleoindian period around 13,500 years ago...
and
knivesA knife is any cutting edge or blade, handheld or otherwise, with or without a handle. Knives were used at least two-and-a-half million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools. Originally made of rock, flint, and obsidian; knives have evolved in construction as technology has with blades...
and fished with metal hooks. Around two thousand years ago, the Woodlands people, known for their burial mounds and pottery, occupied the area. They also cultivated
wild riceWild rice is any of the four species of plants that make up the genus Zizania , a group of grasses that grow in shallow water in small lakes and slow-flowing streams; often, only the flowering head of wild rice rises above the water...
, a crop that continues to be harvested today by
OjibwaThe Ojibwe or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico, including Métis. They are the third-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Cherokee and Navajo. They're equally divided between the United States and Canada...
tribes in the region and is often seen being sold in the area, especially in
WisconsinWisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. states. Located in the north-central United States, Wisconsin is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the...
. The
SiouxSioux are a Native American and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects...
inhabited the region until the middle of the 17th century and there was an Indian village, known as Wi-ah-quah-ke-che-qume-eng at present day Fond du Lac, in about 1630. The Ojibway drove the
SiouxSioux are a Native American and First Nations people. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many dialects...
out soon after 1654, when the "Chippewa" were forced from eastern seaboard areas by the
IroquoisThe Iroquois , also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an indigenous people of North America. In the 16th century or earlier, the Iroquois came together in an association known as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power"...
."
Duluth's name in the Ojibwe is
Onigamiinsing ("at the little portage") due to the small and easy portage across
Minnesota PointMinnesota Point, or Park Point, is a long, narrow peninsula that extends out from the Canal Park area of Duluth, Minnesota, USA and separating Lake Superior from Superior Bay...
between Lake Superior and western
St. Louis BayThe St. Louis River is a river in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin that flows into Lake Superior. The largest U.S. river to flow into the lake, it is 179 miles in length and starts near Hoyt Lakes, Minnesota. The river's watershed is 3634 square miles in area...
forming Duluth's harbor. According to
OjibwaThe Ojibwe or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico, including Métis. They are the third-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Cherokee and Navajo. They're equally divided between the United States and Canada...
Oral historyOral history can be defined as the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker....
, Spirit Island located near the Spirit Valley neighborhood was the "Sixth Stopping Place" where the northern and southern branches of the Ojibwa Nation came together and then proceeded to their "Seventh Stopping Place" near the present city of
La Pointe, WisconsinLa Pointe is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 246 at the 2000 census. Its name in the Anishinaabe language is Mooningwanekaaning, meaning "The Home of the Golden Breasted Woodpecker "....
.
In 1659, Pierre Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart des Groseilliers went searching for furs in the Lake Superior region, and visited the area that became today’s Duluth.
Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du LhutDaniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut was a French soldier and explorer who is the first European known to have visited the area where the city of Duluth, Minnesota is now located and the headwaters of the Mississippi River near Grand Rapids...
, the city's namesake, arrived in 1679 to settle rivalries between two Indian nations, the Dakota and the
OjibwaThe Ojibwe or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico, including Métis. They are the third-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Cherokee and Navajo. They're equally divided between the United States and Canada...
, and to advance fur trading missions in the area. His work allowed for this to occur, with the
OjibwaThe Ojibwe or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico, including Métis. They are the third-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Cherokee and Navajo. They're equally divided between the United States and Canada...
becoming middlemen between the
FrenchFrench people can refer to:* The legal residents and citizens of France, regardless of ancestry. For a legal discussion, see French nationality law.* People whose ancestors lived in France or the area that later became France....
and the Dakota. As a result, the area prospered, and as early as 1692, the
Hudson's Bay CompanyThe Hudson's Bay Company , abbreviated HBC, is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world...
set up a small post at
Fond du LacFond du Lac is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota, United States.Evergreen Memorial Highway serves as a main arterial route in the community....
.
It was not until 1792 that the next trading post, on the Wisconsin side of the St. Louis River, was opened by Jean Baptiste Cadotte of the
North West CompanyThe North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821. It competed with increasing success against the Hudson's Bay Company in what was to become Western Canada...
. A fire destroyed the post in 1800, but a German émigré,
John Jacob AstorFor other pages relating to Astor, see John Jacob Astor John Jacob Astor , born Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob Astor, was the first prominent member of the Astor family and the first multi-millionaire in the United States...
, constructed a post on the river's Minnesota side. The store initially floundered as a result of the Indians' insistence in trading with established English and French partners. However, Astor managed to convince the
United States CongressThe United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election....
to ban foreigners from trading in American territory. His
American Fur CompanyThe American Fur Company was founded by John Jacob Astor in 1808. The company grew to monopolize the fur trade in the United States by 1830, and became one of the largest businesses in the country. The company was one the first great trusts in American business...
was re-formed in 1816-17. Hard times hit the post once again by 1839 due to fashionable Europeans choosing silk hats over those made from beaver pelts.
Two
Treaties of Fond du LacThe Treaty of Fond du Lac may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in Duluth, Minnesota between the United States and the Ojibwe Native American peoples.-1826 Treaty of Fond du Lac:...
were signed in the present neighborhood of
Fond du LacFond du Lac is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota, United States.Evergreen Memorial Highway serves as a main arterial route in the community....
in 1826 and 1847. As part of the Treaty of Washington (1854) with the Lake Superior Band of Chippewa, the
Fond du Lac Indian ReservationThe Fond du Lac Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in northern Minnesota near Duluth in Carlton and St. Louis counties, with off-reservation holdings in Douglas County in Wisconsin...
was established upstream from Duluth near
Cloquet, MinnesotaCloquet is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, located at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33. A portion of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation and also serves as one of three administrative centers for the Indian Reservation. The...
, and the
OjibwaThe Ojibwe or Chippewa is the largest group of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico, including Métis. They are the third-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Cherokee and Navajo. They're equally divided between the United States and Canada...
population was relocated there.
Permanent settlement
Interest in the area was piqued in the 1850s as rumors of copper mining began to circulate. A government land survey in 1852, followed by a treaty with local tribes in 1854, secured wilderness for gold-seeking explorers, sparked a "
land rushLand run usually refers to a historical event in which previously-restricted land of the United States was opened for homesteading on a first arrival basis. Some newly opened lands were sold first-come, sold by bid, or won by lottery, or by means other than a run...
," and led to the development of
iron oreIron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite , hematite , goethite, limonite or...
mining in the area.
Around the same time, newly-constructed
channelsIn physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks.A channel is also the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, sand bar, bay, or any shallow body of water...
and locks in the East permitted large ships to access the area. A road connecting Duluth to the
Twin CitiesU.S. Census Bureau Areas|-! colspan="2" | |-! colspan="2" style="background:#d8d8e8;color:#000;" | Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud CSA, MN-WI
|-| Population || 3,502,891...
was also constructed. Eleven small towns on both sides of the St. Louis River were formed, establishing Duluth's roots as a city.
By 1857, copper resources became scarce, and the area's economic focus shifted to
timber harvestingTimber may refer to:*Lumber, i.e. wood materials* Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Oregon* Timber , a 1984 arcade game by Bally Midway* An alternative spelling for Timbre...
. A nation-wide financial crisis led to nearly three quarters of the city's early pioneers leaving.
In the late 1860s, financier
Jay CookeJay Cooke , American financier, was born at Sandusky, Ohio, the son of Eleutheros Cooke , a pioneer Ohio lawyer and Whig member of Congress from that state in 1831-1833 and member of the Ohio General Assembly....
(after whom the
Jay Cooke State ParkJay Cooke State Park is a Minnesota state park located about ten miles southwest of Duluth, just outside the small town of Thomson. Jay Cooke is situated on the St...
is named), convinced the
Lake Superior and Mississippi RailroadThe Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad is the name for two different railroads in Minnesota.-Historic railroad:The Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad was the first rail link between the Twin Cities and Duluth and came into existence in 1863 when financier Jay Cooke selected Duluth as the...
to create an extension from St. Paul to Duluth. The railroad opened areas due north and west of
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
to
iron oreIron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite , hematite , goethite, limonite or...
mining. Duluth's population on New Year's Day, 1869 consisted of fourteen families; by the Fourth of July, 3,500 people were present to celebrate.
Twentieth century
By the end of the nineteenth century, Duluth was a thriving city. Duluth was home to more millionaires per capita than any other city in the world, and had become a favorite summer playground for the rich and the famous of the day. Magnificent manor homes and Victorian mansions welcomed family and friends to lavish social events. At the turn of the century, the city's port passed
New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
and
ChicagoChicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and with more than 2.8 million people, the 3rd largest city in the United States...
in gross tonnage handled, elevating it to the leading port in the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Meanwhile, there were ten newspapers, six banks, and an eleven-story skyscraper, the Torrey Building, already present in the town. In 1907,
U.S. SteelThe United States Steel Corporation , more commonly known as U.S. Steel, is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe. The company is the world's tenth largest steel producer ranked by sales...
announced that a $5 – $6 million plant would be constructed in the area. Although steel production only began eight years later, predictions held that Duluth's population would rise to 200,000 to 300,000. With the
Duluth WorksThe Duluth Works was an industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex located in Duluth, Minnesota, in operation 1915 to 1987. The complex was operated by the United States Steel Corporation. Officially, the plant's purpose was to supply the growing Midwest with steel finished products....
steel plant came
Morgan ParkMorgan Park is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota.Arbor Street / 88th Avenue West serves as a main arterial route in the community.-Notes:...
, a once-independent company town that now stands as a city neighborhood.
The city experienced a large immigrant influx during the early twentieth century, and Duluth became home to one of the largest
FinnishThe terms Finns and Finnish people are used in English to mean "a native or inhabitant of Finland". They are also used to refer to the ethnic group historically associated with Finland or Fennoscandia, and they are only used in that sense here....
communities in the world outside of
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
. For decades, a Finnish-language daily newspaper, taking the namesake of the old Grand Duchy of Finland's pro-independence leftist paper,
PäivälehtiPäivälehti was a newspaper in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the Czar of Russia. The paper was founded in 1889 as the organ of the Young Finnish Party and published on six days a week....
, was published in the city. The
FinnishThe terms Finns and Finnish people are used in English to mean "a native or inhabitant of Finland". They are also used to refer to the ethnic group historically associated with Finland or Fennoscandia, and they are only used in that sense here....
IWW community published a widely read labor newspaper
IndustrialistiIndustrialisti was the official Finnish language daily newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World.Published by the Workers' Socialist Publishing Company in Duluth, Minnesota, the paper existed as the Finnish voice of industrial unionism from 1918 to 1975, although the last years of the...
. From 1907 to 1941 the Finnish Socialist Federation, and then the IWW operated
Work People's CollegeA Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America folk school founded, September 1903, in Minneapolis, Minnesota served as a predecessor for Work People's College...
, an educational institution that taught classes from a working class, socialist perspective. Duluth was also settled by immigrants from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Austria, Ireland, England, Italy, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine, Romania, and Russia.
A tragic event in Duluth history occurred on June 15, 1920, when three African American circus workers were attacked and lynched by a mob after rumors had circulated that six African Americans had raped a teenage girl. The
Duluth lynchingsThe Duluth Lynchings occurred on June 15, 1920, when three black circus workers were attacked and lynched by a mob in Duluth, Minnesota. Rumors had circulated among the mob that six African Americans had raped a teenage girl...
took place on 1st Street and 2nd Avenue East, where today three 7-foot-tall bronze statues of the men who were killed have been erected as a Memorial.
For the first half of the twentieth century the city was an industrial port boom town, with multiple grain elevators, a cement plant, a nail mill, wire mills, and the
Duluth WorksThe Duluth Works was an industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex located in Duluth, Minnesota, in operation 1915 to 1987. The complex was operated by the United States Steel Corporation. Officially, the plant's purpose was to supply the growing Midwest with steel finished products....
plant. In 1916, during
World War IWorld War I , also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Wars, was a global military conflict which involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance...
, a shipyard was constructed on the St. Louis River, and a new neighborhood was formed around the operation, today known as Riverside. Similar industrial expansions took place during the
Second World WarWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, utilizing Duluth's large harbor and the area's vast resources for the war effort. The Population of Duluth (proper) continued to grow after the war and peaked at 107,884 in 1960.
By the late 1970s, foreign competition began to have a detrimental impact on the U.S. Steel Industry. This eventually led to the closure of the
U.S. SteelThe United States Steel Corporation , more commonly known as U.S. Steel, is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe. The company is the world's tenth largest steel producer ranked by sales...
Duluth WorksThe Duluth Works was an industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex located in Duluth, Minnesota, in operation 1915 to 1987. The complex was operated by the United States Steel Corporation. Officially, the plant's purpose was to supply the growing Midwest with steel finished products....
plant in 1981, causing a significant blow to the city's economy. Duluth is often cited as "where the
Rust BeltThe Rust Belt, also known as the Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic States, and portions of the Upper Midwest. The region can be broadly defined as the region beginning west of the BosWash corridor and running west to Minnesota, particularly the...
began." Other industrial activity followed suit with more closures, including
shipbuildingShipbuilding is the construction of ships. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history....
, heavy machinery, and the Duluth Air Force base. By the end of the decade unemployment rates surged to 15 percent. The economic downturn was particularly hard on Duluth's West Side, where the Eastern and Southern European immigrant workers had traditionally lived for decades.
With the decline of the city's industrial core, the local economic focus shifted to
tourismTourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other...
. The downtown area has been renovated with new red brick streets,skywalks, and new retail shops. Old warehouses along the waterfront were converted into cafés, shops, restaurants, and hotels, fashioning the new
Canal ParkCanal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. It is situated across the I-35 freeway from Downtown Duluth and is connected by the famous Aerial Lift Bridge to the Park Point sandbar and neighborhood...
as a trendy tourism-oriented district. The city's population, which had been experiencing a steady decline since the 1970s, has now stabilized to around 85,000.
At the beginning of the twenty first century, Duluth has become regional epicenter for banking, retail shopping, and medical care for northern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, northwestern Michigan. It is estimated that more than 8,000 jobs in Duluth are directly related to the two hospitals. Arts and entertainment offerings as well as year-round recreation, and the natural environment have contributed to expansion of the tourist industry in Duluth. Some 3.5 million visitors each year contribute more than $400 million to the local economy.
In 1918, the
Cloquet FireThe 1918 Cloquet fire was a massive fire in northern Minnesota in October, 1918 caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires...
(named for the nearby town of
CloquetCloquet is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, located at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33. A portion of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation and also serves as one of three administrative centers for the Indian Reservation. The...
) burned across Carlton and Southern Saint Louis Counties destroying dozens of communities in the Duluth area. The fire was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of lives lost in a single day. Many people perished on the rural roads surrounding the Duluth area, and historical accounts tell of victims dying while trying to outrun the fire. The
National GuardThe Minnesota National Guard is composed of approximately 13,600 Soldiers and Airmen, spread out in 63 communities across the state. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. In fact, the National Guard is the only United...
unit based in Duluth was mobilized in a heroic effort to battle the fire and assist victims, but the troops were overwhelmed by the enormity of the fire. In the aftermath of the fire tens of thousands of people were injured or homeless; many of the refugees fled into the city for aid and shelter.
The Untold Delights of Duluth
Early doubts about the potential of the Duluth area were voiced in the speech
The Untold Delights of Duluth, made by former U.S. Representative
J. Proctor KnottJames Proctor Knott was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky and served as governor of Kentucky from 1883 to 1887. Born in Kentucky, he moved to Missouri in 1850 and began his political career there...
of
KentuckyThe Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Kentucky is a Southern state situated in the Upland South, although the state is infrequently placed, geographically and culturally, in the Midwest. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a...
on January 27, 1871 in the U.S. House; the speech against the St. Croix and Superior Land Grant lampooned Western
boosterismBoosterism is the act of "boosting," or promoting, one's town, city, or organization, with the goal of improving public perception of it. Boosting can be as simple as "talking up" the entity at a party or as elaborate as establishing a visitors' bureau. It is somewhat associated with American small...
, portraying Duluth as an Eden in fantastically florid terms. The speech has been reprinted in collections of folklore and humorous speeches and is regarded as something of a classic. The nearby city of Proctor, Minnesota is named for Congressman Knott.
Duluth, Minnesota's unofficial sister city,
Duluth, GeorgiaDuluth is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, and an increasingly more affluent and developed suburb of Atlanta. Unincorporated portions of Forsyth County also have Duluth as a mailing address, though this area is outside city limits. A portion of the City of Johns Creek Duluth is a city in...
, was named by
Evan P. HowellEvan Park Howell was an American politician and early telegraph operator, as well as an officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War....
in humorous reference to Representative Knott's speech. Originally called Howell's Crossroads in honor of his grandfather Evan Howell, the town had in 1871 just finished getting a railroad to the town, and the 'Delights of Duluth' speech was still popular.
Proctor Knott is sometimes credited with characterizing Duluth as the "zenith city of the unsalted seas," but the honor for that coinage belongs to journalist Thomas Preston Foster, speaking at a Fourth of July picnic in 1868.
Geography
According to the
United States Census BureauThe United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data. As part of the United States Department of Commerce, the Census Bureau serves as the leading source of quality data about...
, the city has a total area of 87.3 square miles (226.2 km²). It is Minnesota's second largest city in terms of land area, surpassed only by
HibbingHibbing is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, USA. The population was 17,071 at the 2000 census. The city was built on the rich iron ore of the Mesabi Iron Range. In earlier times, this area was called "meebeega", which roughly is translated to Chippewa as "hard earth or ground". At the edge...
. Of its 87.3 square miles, 68.0 square miles (176.1 km²) or 77.89% is land and 19.3 square miles (50.0 km²) or 22.11% is water. Duluth's canal connects Lake Superior to the Duluth-Superior harbor and the St. Louis River. The Aerial Lift Bridge connects
Canal ParkCanal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. It is situated across the I-35 freeway from Downtown Duluth and is connected by the famous Aerial Lift Bridge to the Park Point sandbar and neighborhood...
with
Minnesota PointMinnesota Point, or Park Point, is a long, narrow peninsula that extends out from the Canal Park area of Duluth, Minnesota, USA and separating Lake Superior from Superior Bay...
("Park Point").
Duluth's geography is dominated by a rather steep hill which represents a transition from the elevation of Lake Superior's beach to that of the inland. It has been called 'the San Francisco of the Mid-West', referencing the California city's similar position on a hill, leading down to a busy harbor. This similarity was most evident before World War II, when Duluth had a network of street cars and an 'Incline,' which climbed its steep hill. The change in elevation is most evident when comparing Duluth's two airports. The Sky Harbor airport's
weather stationA weather station is a facility with instruments and equipment for observing atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and...
, situated on the Park Point sandbar, jutting into Lake Superior, (at 6 miles (9.65 km)) has an elevation of 607 feet (185 m), while Duluth International Airport atop the hill is at 1,427 feet (435 m).
As the city has grown, the population has tended to hug the Lake Superior shoreline, hence Duluth is primarily a southwest-northeast city. A considerable amount of development on the hill's upslope gives Duluth a reputation for steep streets. Some neighborhoods, such as
Piedmont HeightsPiedmont Heights is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota.Piedmont Avenue, Chambersburg Avenue, and Morris Thomas Road are three of the main arterial routes in the community.-Notes:...
and
Bayview HeightsBayview Heights is a primarily residential neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota. Although it is grouped by the city with the West Duluth communities, it often functions more as a part of the city of Proctor than of Duluth, due primarily to its hilltop location rather than the 600 ft or roughly 200 m...
, are atop the hill, at times giving scenic views of the city. The Goat Hill neighborhood overlooking the 'can of worms' freeway interchange above 22nd Avenue West is an example of this; another is Skyline Parkway, which is a roadway that extends from Thompson Hill, "West Duluth" near Interstate Highway 35 to the Lester River Neighborhood which is on the east side of the city. Skyline Parkway crosses nearly the entire length of Duluth and affords breathtaking views of the famous Aerial Lift Bridge, and Canal park to the many Industries that inhabit the largest inland port. Most importantly the tip of Lake Superior can be seen continously from high on the brow of the hill. Perhaps the most rapidly developing part of the city is a commercial mall and big-box retailer shopping strip "over the hill", the
Miller TrunkThe Highway 53 or Miller Trunk Corridor refers to a large agglomeration of retail development in Duluth on and around U.S. Highway 53, and by extension, State Highway 194 , and parts of the Arrowhead, Haines, and Maple Grove Roads...
corridor. Re-construction of U.S. Highway 53 is underway as well as a new international airport terminal as part of the governments Stimulus Reconstruction Program.
Climate
The city's climate is known for long, cold winters and cool summers. The nickname "The Air-Conditioned City" is given to Duluth due to the cooling effect that Lake Superior has on it during the summer months. Due to the "Hill Effect" as it is so named, Duluth has never had a tornado touchdown within the city limits. Often very few severe thunderstorms cross over the city during the summer months. Winter months however, temperatures often remain below zero degrees Fahrenheit (-18 °C) for periods of weeks. A normal winter brings consistent snow cover from October to April. Winter storms that pass south or east of Duluth can often set up easterly or northeasterly flow. Upslope lake-effect snow events can bring a foot (30 cm) or more of snow to the city while areas 50 miles (80 km) inland receive considerably less.
Summers are cool and comfortable, with daytime temperatures averaging in the 70s°F (20–30 °C) due to the cooling easterly winds of the lake (as opposed to occasional temperatures over 90 °F (32 °C) inland, although temperatures may remain below 50 °F (10 °C) during afternoons as late in the year as June along the Lake Superior shore, even when the inland temperature is in the 70s °F (mid-20s °C). The phrase "cooler by the lake" can be heard often in weather forecasts during the summer, especially on days when an easterly wind is expected. Due to the specific heat of the huge lake, seasons are substantially delayed, with November often much warmer than April. Great local variations are also common, due to the rapid change in elevation between the hill and shore-side. Often, this manifests itself as snow at the Miller Hill Mall and pouring rain in Canal Park at the same time.
Demographics
Duluth and its environs are experiencing moderate population growth. As of the
censusA "census" is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population.In other words every 10 years...next one would be in 2010 The term is used mostly in connection with...
of 2000, there were 86,918 people, 35,500 households, and 19,918 families residing in the city. The
population densityPopulation density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. It is a key term used in geography....
was . There were 36,994 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.7% White, 1.6% Black or
African AmericanRace and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget , are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 2.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from
other racesRace and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget , are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.8% from two or more races. 1.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23.6% were of
GermanGerman Americans are Americans of German descent. They form the largest self-reported ancestry group in the United States, outnumbering the Irish and English. They account for 50 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population...
, 7.1%
PolishA Polish American , is a citizen of the United States of Polish descent. There are an estimated 10 million such Polish Americans, representing about 3% of the population of the United States....
, 16.8%
NorwegianNorwegian Americans are Americans of Norwegian descent. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the later half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than five million Norwegian Americans according to the most recent U.S...
, 15.3%
SwedishSwedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent, most often related to the large groups of immigrants from Sweden in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Most Swedish Americans are Lutherans affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , or Methodists.-...
, 5.1%
ItalianAn Italian American is an American of Italian ancestry, and/or may also refer to someone possessing Italian/American dual citizenship. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States.-History:...
, and 10.6%
IrishIrish Americans are citizens of the United States who trace their ancestry to Ireland. A total of 36,495,800 Americans reported Irish ancestry in the 2006 American Community Survey. The only self-reported ancestral group larger than Irish Americans are German Americans...
, according to the
2000 CensusA census of the general population was conducted in several countries in the year 2000. The 2000 Census may refer to:In the United States:* 2000 United States Census, the 22nd decennial federal censusIn Costa Rica:...
.
There were 35,500 households out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were
married couplesMarriage is a social union or legal contract between individuals that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged by a variety of ways, depending on the culture or demographic...
living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the city the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,766, and the median income for a family was $46,394. Males had a median income of $35,182 versus $24,965 for females. The
per capita incomePer capita income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income generated in the country. This is what each citizen is to receive if the yearly national income is divided equally among everyone. Per capita income is usually reported in units of currency per year...
for the city was $18,969. About 8.6% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The current
mayor of Duluth is
Don NessDon "Donny" Ness is an American politician from Duluth, Minnesota, and the current mayor of that city. He is a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.-Early life and education:...
.
Duluth is located in
Minnesota's 8th congressional districtMinnesota's 8th congressional district covers the northeastern part of Minnesota. The district is best-known for its mining, agriculture, and shipping industries; it leans Democratic with a CPVI of D + 3...
, represented by
Jim OberstarJames Louis "Jim" Oberstar is a United States politician. Oberstar has been a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member of the United States House of Representatives since 1975, representing Minnesota's 8th congressional district, one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota. The district is...
, a moderate DFLer, scoring 87%
progressiveProgressivism is a political and social term for ideologies and movements favoring or advocating changes or reform, usually in a statist or egalitarian direction for economic policies and liberal direction for social policies...
on a range of issues.
Currently as of 2009 the city is experiencing a major budget deficit which has affected city services, such as street maintenance, water, gas and sanitary sewer maintenance and forced the reduction or elimination of many city managed social programs. All of these compounded problems have resulted in city staff reductions. The sanitary sewer overflow problems have forced residents to disconnect their homes drainage systems from the sanitary sewer system at significant cost to the homeowner and have been a source of contention.
In 2004, Duluth was center to a legal battle between the City Council, local residents, and the ACLU. The debate and eventual lawsuit revolved around a marble fixture inscribed with the
Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that, according to Judeo-Christian tradition, were authored by God and given to Moses on the mountain referred to as "Mount Sinai" or "Horeb" in the form of two stone tablets...
which resided on the lawn of City Hall. The city eventually agreed to remove the fixture, and it now resides on private property near the Comfort Suites Hotel on Canal Park Drive.
The city was featured in the
New York Times article "The Next Retirement Time Bomb", because Duluth recently conducted a financial study of the health care benefits it has promised its retired city workers. It turned out that its future health care obligations would bankrupt the city government. Duluth is held in the article to be considered representative of many local governments that have not kept tabs on its future health-care obligations promised to retired workers. Duluth's own newspaper, the
News Tribune, portrays prior mayor
John FedoJohn Fedo is an American politician from Duluth, Minnesota, and a former mayor of that city. Prior to becoming the City's youngest mayor, he served on the Duluth City Council during the 1970s and owned a gas station in Duluth....
, who was acquitted in a 1988 corruption trial while mayor, in an unflattering respect with regard to responsibility in this. Decades of local politicians have a hand in the matter, including former mayor
Gary DotyGary Doty is an American politician from Duluth, Minnesota, and a former mayor of that city.-Early life:Doty was born in Duluth and was educated in the public school system there before going on to the University of Minnesota Duluth. After graduating in 1970 with a B.S...
, as unions are powerful in the area and winning their favor is a major factor in being elected.
During the 2000 presidential election, Green Party candidate
Ralph NaderRalph Nader is an American attorney, author, lecturer, political activist, and former candidate for President of the United States. He ran as an independent candidate in 2004 and 2008, and a Green Party candidate in 1996 and 2000. Areas of particular concern to Nader include consumer protection,...
received over 7.0% of votes from Duluth residents, one of the highest in the country for a city with a population of at least 85,000.
Economy
Duluth is the regional hub not only for its own immediate area, but also for a large area encompassing
northeasternThe Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape. The predominantly rural region encompasses 27,575.19 km² of land area and comprises Carlton, Cook, Lake and St. Louis Counties. Its population at the 2000 census was...
Minnesota, northwestern Wisconsin, and the western Upper Peninsula of
MichiganMichigan is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Ojibwe term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
. It remains a major transportation center for the transshipment of coal, taconite, agricultural products, steel, limestone, and cement. In recent years it has seen strong growth in the transshipment of wind turbine components coming and going from manufacturers in both Europe and North Dakota, and in oversized industrial machinery manufactured all around the world and destined for the tar sands oil extraction projects in northern Alberta.
The city is a popular center for tourism. Duluth is a convenient base for trips to the scenic
North ShoreThe North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the east...
via
Highway 61Minnesota State Highway 61 is a highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from the junction of Interstate Highway 35 and Minnesota 61 in Duluth and continues northeast to its northern terminus at the U.S.-Canadian border near Grand Portage...
, or to fishing and wilderness expeditions in Minnesota's far north, including the
Superior National ForestSuperior National Forest, part of the United States National Forest system, is located in the Arrowhead Region of the state of Minnesota between the Canada – United States border and the north shore of Lake Superior...
and the
Boundary Waters Canoe Area WildernessThe Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness , is a 1.09 million acre wilderness area within the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota under the administration of the U.S. Forest Service...
. Tourists also may drive on the
North Shore Scenic DriveThe North Shore Scenic Drive is an All-American Road that follows St. Louis/Lake County 61/Minnesota Highway 61 from Duluth, Minnesota to the Canadian border near Grand Portage...
to visit
Gooseberry Falls State ParkGooseberry Falls State Park is a Minnesota state park on the North Shore of Lake Superior. The park is located about 13 miles northeast of Two Harbors, Minnesota in Lake County on scenic Minnesota Highway 61. The Joseph N...
,
Isle Royale National ParkIsle Royale National Park is a U.S. National Park in the state of Michigan. Isle Royale, the largest island in Lake Superior, is over 45 miles in length and 9 miles wide at its widest point. The park is made of Isle Royale itself and approximately 400 smaller islands, along with any submerged...
via ferry or visit
Grand Portage National MonumentGrand Portage National Monument, a United States National Monument located on the north shore of Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota, preserves a vital center of fur trade activity and Anishinaabeg Ojibwe heritage....
in Grand Portage, Minnesota.
Thunder Bay-In Canada:Thunder Bay is the name of two places in the province of Ontario, Canada along Lake Superior:*Thunder Bay District, Ontario, a district in Northwestern Ontario*Thunder Bay, a city in Thunder Bay District*Thunder Bay, Unorganized, Ontario...
,
OntarioOntario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. Ontario is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and 5 U.S...
can be reached by following the highway into
CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
along Lake Superior.
Transportation
The Duluth area marks the northern endpoint of
Interstate 35Interstate 35 is a north–south Interstate Highway in the central United States. I-35 stretches from Laredo, Texas, on the U.S.-Mexico border to Duluth, Minnesota, at Minnesota Highway 61 and 26th Avenue East. Many interstates used to have splits or spurs indicated with suffixed letters , but I-35...
, which stretches south to
Laredo, TexasLaredo is the county seat of Webb County, Texas, United States, located on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. According to the 2007 census estimate, the city population was 233,152. Laredo is part of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan...
. U.S. Highways that serve the area are
Highway 53U.S. Route 53 is a north-south U.S. highway that runs for 403 miles from La Crosse, Wisconsin to northern Minnesota. It is the primary north-south route in northwestern Wisconsin, serving as a vital link between I-94 at Eau Claire, Wisconsin and the city of Duluth, Minnesota...
, which stretches from
La Crosse, WisconsinLa Crosse is a city in and the county seat of La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States. The city lies alongside the Mississippi River.The population of La Crosse was 51,818 at the 2000 census. Its 2008 final population estimate was 51,840...
to
International Falls, MinnesotaInternational Falls is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 6,703 at the 2000 census....
and
Highway 2U.S. Route 2 is an east-west U.S. Highway spanning across the northern continental United States. U.S. 2 consists of two segments connected by roadways in southern Canada. Unlike some routes, which are disconnected into segments because of encroaching Interstate Highways, the two portions of U.S...
which stretches from
Everett, WashingtonEverett is the county seat of and the largest city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Named for Everett Colby, son of founder Charles L. Colby, it lies north of Seattle. The city had a total population of 91,488 at the 2000 census, making it the 6th largest in the state and...
to
St.IgnaceSaint Ignace, usually written as St. Ignace, is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,678. It is the county seat of Mackinac County. From the Lower Peninsula, St. Ignace is the gateway to the Upper Peninsula.St...
in the
Upper Peninsula of MichiganThe Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U.S. state of Michigan. It is commonly referred to as the Upper Peninsula, the U.P., or Upper Michigan. More casually it is known as the land "above the Bridge"...
. Just south of the city is Thompson Hill, from where most of the city can be seen from
I-35In the U.S. state of Minnesota, Interstate 35 is a highway in southeast, east-central, and northeast Minnesota. The route runs north-south from the Iowa state line through the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul; where it splits into Interstates 35E and 35W; and ends in the city of Duluth at...
, including the
Aerial Lift BridgeThe Aerial Lift Bridge is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth, Minnesota. The span is a vertical lift bridge, which is rather uncommon, but it began life as an extremely rare transporter bridge—the first of just two such bridges ever constructed in the United States...
and the waterfront. There are two freeway connections from Duluth to Superior.
U.S. Highway 2U.S. Route 2 is a highway in northwest and northeast Minnesota, which runs from the Red River at East Grand Forks and continues east to Duluth, where the route crosses the Richard I. Bong Memorial Bridge over the Saint Louis Bay. The route connects the cities of East Grand Forks, Bemidji, Grand...
provides a connection into Superior via the
Richard I. Bong Memorial BridgeThe Richard I. Bong Memorial Bridge, also known as the Bong Bridge, connects Duluth, Minnesota with Superior, Wisconsin via U.S. Highway 2. Opened on October 25, 1985, it is roughly 11,800 feet long. About 8,300 feet of that length is actually over water. It crosses over the Saint Louis Bay...
, and the other connection is
I-535Interstate 535 is a 2.8 mile-long Interstate Highway spur route of Interstate 35 in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. It is paired with U.S...
concurrentA concurrency, overlap, or coincidence in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different highway, motorway, or other route numbers...
with U.S. 53 over the
John Blatnik BridgeThe John A. Blatnik Bridge is the bridge that carries Interstate Highway 535 and U.S. Highway 53 over the Saint Louis Bay, a tributary of Lake Superior, between Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin. The bridge is long and rises up nearly above the water to accommodate the seaway shipping...
.
There are many state highways that serve the area as well.
Highway 23Minnesota State Highway 23 is a highway that stretches from southwestern to northeastern Minnesota. At in length, it is the second longest state route in Minnesota, after Minnesota Highway 1....
runs diagonally across Minnesota, indirectly connecting Duluth to
Sioux Falls, South DakotaSioux Falls is the largest city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Sioux Falls is the county seat of Minnehaha County, and also extends into Lincoln County to the south. It anchors the fastest growing metro area in the Midwest, with a total increase of 22% since 2000.As of the 2000 census, Sioux...
.
Highway 33Minnesota State Highway 33, abbreviated often as MN 33 or TH 33, is a north-south highway in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The highway is in length and connects Interstate 35 at Cloquet at MN 33's southern terminus to U.S. Highway 53 at MN 33's northern terminus in Independence...
provides a bypass of Duluth connecting
I-35In the U.S. state of Minnesota, Interstate 35 is a highway in southeast, east-central, and northeast Minnesota. The route runs north-south from the Iowa state line through the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul; where it splits into Interstates 35E and 35W; and ends in the city of Duluth at...
to U.S. 53.
Highway 61Minnesota State Highway 61 is a highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from the junction of Interstate Highway 35 and Minnesota 61 in Duluth and continues northeast to its northern terminus at the U.S.-Canadian border near Grand Portage...
provides access to
Thunder Bay-In Canada:Thunder Bay is the name of two places in the province of Ontario, Canada along Lake Superior:*Thunder Bay District, Ontario, a district in Northwestern Ontario*Thunder Bay, a city in Thunder Bay District*Thunder Bay, Unorganized, Ontario...
,
OntarioOntario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. Ontario is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and 5 U.S...
via the
North ShoreThe North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the east...
of
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
.
Highway 194Minnesota State Highway 194 is a highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with U.S. Highway 2 in Solway Township and continues east to its eastern terminus at its Mesaba Avenue interchange with Interstate Highway 35 in downtown Duluth. For part of its route, it runs...
provides a
spur routeA spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important route . A bypass or beltway is never considered a true spur route as it typically reconnects with the major road...
into the city of Duluth known as "Central Entrance" and Mesaba Avenue. Wisc. Hwy. 13 reaches along
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
's
South ShoreThe South Shore of Lake Superior stretches from Superior, Wisconsin, USA at the southwestern end of the lake along the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to Sault Ste Marie, Michigan, USA in the east....
. Finally, Wisc. Hwy. 35 runs along Wisconsin's western border for 412 miles (663 km) to its southern terminus at the
WisconsinWisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. states. Located in the north-central United States, Wisconsin is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the...
-
IllinoisIllinois , the 21st state admitted to the United States of America, is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern state and the fifth most populous state in the nation...
border (three miles north of
East DubuqueEast Dubuque is a city in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,995 at the 2000 census. East Dubuque is located alongside the Mississippi River. Across the river is the city of Dubuque, Iowa. About three miles north of the city is the Illinois - Wisconsin border...
). Highway 61 and parts of Highways 2 and 53 are a section of the
Lake Superior Circle TourThe Lake Superior Circle Tour is part of a highway program established by the Great Lakes Commission to promote tourism and travel along the shores of the Great Lakes. The LSCT follows state highways in the U.S...
.
Duluth International AirportDuluth International Airport is a public airport located five miles northwest of the central business district of Duluth, in St. Louis County, Minnesota, USA. It serves the Duluth-Superior area including Superior, Wisconsin. The airport covers 3,020 acres and has two runways...
serves the city and surrounding region. Nearby municipal airports are
Duluth Sky HarborSky Harbor Airport & Seaplane Base or Sky Harbor Airport is a public airport in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It is located near the Wisconsin border, between Superior Bay and Lake Superior...
, on Minnesota Point, and the
Richard I. Bong Memorial Airport in Superior. Both the Bong Airport and Bong Bridge are named for famed WWII pilot, and highest-scoring American air ace
Major Richard Ira "Dick" BongRichard Ira "Dick" Bong is the United States' highest-scoring air ace, having shot down at least 40 Japanese aircraft during World War II. He was a fighter pilot in the U.S...
, a native of nearby Poplar, WI (died 1945).
Duluth is a major shipping
port||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and/or transferring cargo. It is usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. The best ports have deep water in channels or berths, and protection from the wind and waves...
for
taconiteTaconite is an iron-bearing, high-silica, flint-like rock. It is a Precambrian sedimentary rock referred to as a banded iron formation due to the typical alternating iron-rich layers and shale or chert layers. The very finely dispersed iron content, present as magnetite, is generally 25 to 30%...
. The former
Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range RailwayThe Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway is a railroad operating in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin that hauls iron ore and later taconite to the Great Lakes ports of Duluth and Two Harbors, Minnesota...
, now
Canadian National RailwayThe Canadian National Railway is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec....
operates taconite-hauling trains in the area. Duluth port facilities also handle substantial amounts of
grainGRAIN is an international non-governmental organization based in Barcelona, Spain, which works toward sustainable agriculture. It was formed upon the realization that the genetic diversity of the world's food crops are being drastically eliminated...
,
limestoneLimestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite . The deposition of limestone strata is often a by-product and indicator of biological activity in the geologic record...
, dry bulk
cementIn the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term "opus caementicium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed...
powder, rock salt,
bentoniteBentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are a few types of bentonites and their names depend on the dominant elements, such as K, Na, Ca, and Al. As noted in several places in the geologic literature, there are some...
clay,
wind turbineA wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill...
components, and a wide variety of oversized industrial machinery which require especially high and wide road and rail clearances to reach their destinations in the interior of North America. Duluth is also served by the
BNSF RailwayThe BNSF Railway , formerly known as the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway, is an American freight railroad company headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas; it is one of four remaining transcontinental railroads, and one of the largest freight railroad networks, in North America. Only the Union...
, the
Canadian Pacific RailwayThe Canadian Pacific Railway , known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a Canadian Class I railway operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited. Its rail network stretches from Vancouver to Montreal, and also serves major cities in the United States such as Minneapolis, Chicago, and New York City...
, and the
Union Pacific RailroadThe Union Pacific Railroad , headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest and oldest operating railroad network in the United States. James R. Young is president, CEO and Chairman....
.
The local bus system is run by the
Duluth Transit AuthorityThe Duluth Transit Authority is the operator of mass transportation in Duluth, Minnesota. Service is also provided in Proctor, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin as well as the eastern edge of Hermantown, Minnesota. The organization was formed in 1969 by the Minnesota State Legislature...
, which services not only the Duluth area, but Superior, WI, as well. The DTA runs a system of buses manufactured by
GilligGillig Corporation, formerly Gillig Bros., is a manufacturer of heavy-duty low floor transit buses located in Hayward, CA. Prior to 1993, Gillig had also been a manufacturer of school buses.-History:...
, including new hybrids.
Duluth is also serviced by
Greyhound LinesGreyhound Lines, Inc., based in Dallas, Texas, USA, is an intercity common carrier of passengers by bus serving over 3,700 destinations in the United States and Canada, operating under the well-known logo of a leaping greyhound. It was founded in Hibbing, Minnesota, USA, in 1914 and incorporated...
and
Jefferson LinesJefferson Lines and Jefferson Tours are operated by Jefferson Partners L.P., a Minneapolis, Minnesota based family company with roots extending to the early days of motorcoach travel....
, with daily service to the
Twin CitiesU.S. Census Bureau Areas|-! colspan="2" | |-! colspan="2" style="background:#d8d8e8;color:#000;" | Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud CSA, MN-WI
|-| Population || 3,502,891...
.
Utilities
Duluth gets electric power from Duluth-based Minnesota Power, a subsidiary of ALLETE Corporation. Minnesota Power produces energy at generation facilities located throughout northern Minnesota, as well as at a generation plant in North Dakota. The latter supplies electricity into the MP system by the
Square ButteSquare Butte is the designation of a high voltage direct current transmission line in the USA between the Milton R. Young plant near Center, North Dakota at and the Arrowhead converter station near Adolph, MN at . It was built by Minnkota Power Cooperative and Minnesota Power and went in service...
HVDC line, which ends near the town.
Minnesota Power primarily uses western coal to generate electricity, but also has a number of small hydro-electric facilities, the largest of which is the Thomson Hydroelectric Dam just south of Duluth.
Media
Local
newspaperA newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns that express the...
s include the
BusinessNorth monthly, the
Duluth News TribuneThe Duluth News Tribune is a newspaper in Duluth, Minnesota. It is published by Forum Communications, which bought it in 2006 after The McClatchy Company acquired the News Tribunes previous owner, Knight Ridder.- Television partners :Before the Tribune
's neighbor, KDLH-TV, merged...
, the
Duluth Budgeteer NewsThe Duluth Budgeteer News is a newspaper in Duluth, Minnesota. It is published by Forum Communications, which bought it in 2006.-History:...
, and the free
The Zenith,
The Reader Weekly and
Transistor.
Locally based nationally distributed
magazineMagazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three...
s include
Cabin LifeCabin Life Magazine founded in April 2001, is a nationally distributed award winning magazine focused on the vacation home lifestyle for cabins, cottages, lakehomes and lodges....
, Lake Superior Magazine and New Moon Magazine.
Education
Colleges and universities include the
University of Minnesota DuluthThe University of Minnesota Duluth is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. As Duluth's public research university, UMD offers 12 bachelor's degrees in 75 majors, graduate programs in 20 fields, a two-year program at the School of Medicine, a...
(UMD),
The College of St. ScholasticaThe College of Saint Scholastica is a private college with its main campus located in Duluth, Minnesota. The College was founded in 1912 by a group of pioneering Benedictine Sisters who offered college courses to six young women. Today St...
,
Lake Superior CollegeLake Superior College, a two-year college, is located in Duluth, Minnesota on Trinity road.Lake Superior College offers pre-baccalaureate majors for students interested in transferring to senior educational institutions as well as over 75 certificate, diploma and degree programs in career/technical...
,
Duluth Business UniversityDuluth Business University is a 300+ student privately owned and operated business college.Founded in 1891 in Duluth, Minnesota and known locally as DBU, the privately owned and operated school has always maintained a clear focus on career specific training...
and Cosmetology Careers Unlimited. The UMD campus includes a
medical schoolA medical school is a tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches medicine.In addition to a medical degree program, some medical schools offer programs leading to a Master's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy , or other post-secondary education. Medical schools can also...
. The University of Wisconsin - Superior and
Wisconsin Indianhead Technical CollegeWisconsin Indianhead Technical College is a two-year technical college with campuses in Ashland, New Richmond, Rice Lake, and Superior, Wisconsin. There are also two branches in Hayward and Ladysmith. WITC also operates a learning center in Washburn County. WITC's administrative offices are in...
are in nearby
Superior, WisconsinSuperior is a city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 27,368 at the 2000 census. Located at the junction of U.S. Routes 2 and 53, it is just north of and adjacent to both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior.Superior is situated at...
.
Most public schools are administered by
Duluth Public SchoolsDuluth Public Schools is a school district based in Duluth, Minnesota. It is also known as Independent School District #709.-High Schools:The three high schools in the district serve grades 9-12.*Duluth Central High School*Duluth Denfeld High School...
.
There are several independent
public charter schoolsCharter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results, which are set forth...
in the Duluth area not administered by District 709 with open enrollment. IDS 709 is undergoing a reconstruction of all area schools. Called the "Red Plan" its goal is the reconstruction of some older schools to meet new educational guidlines, along with construction of a four new school buildings which will result in redistricting of students. As of 2009, the "Red Plan" has and is being contested in court by some citizens, due to its excessive cost and the selection of the construction management contractor.
Arts
Local attractions include a variety of arts opportunities. Museums include the Duluth Art Institute at the Duluth Depot, the
Tweed Museum of ArtThe Tweed Museum of Art is a museum located on the campus of the University of Minnesota Duluth, in Duluth, Minnesota.It has a permanent collection of over 6,000 works covering a range of periods and cultures in art history, with particular strengths in American landscape painting. The Tweed was...
at the
University of Minnesota DuluthThe University of Minnesota Duluth is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. As Duluth's public research university, UMD offers 12 bachelor's degrees in 75 majors, graduate programs in 20 fields, a two-year program at the School of Medicine, a...
, and smaller local art galleries scattered around the city. See the List of Museums in Duluth. The city is the birthplace of
Bob DylanBob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, musician, poet and painter who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was, at first, an informal chronicler and then an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest...
. Duluth is also home to a professional
ballet company'A ballet company is a group of dancers who perform ballets. The size of a company can range from less than a dozen dancers to a large ensemble. Large professional ballet companies are often comprised of several levels of hierarchy, beginning with Apprentices, or junior dancers, then moving on to...
, the
Minnesota BalletThe is a ballet company and school located in Duluth, Minnesota. Founded in 1965 by Donna Harkins and Jan Gibson as the Duluth Civic Ballet, the company has since expanded into a touring company with fourteen professional artists, who are locally based...
. Duluth shares a symphony orchestra with Superior, Wisconsin, the Duluth Superior Symphony Orchestra
http://www.dsso.com. In summer there are often free concerts held in Chester Park where local musicians play for crowds, and the Bayfront Blues Festival is held in early August. Beginning in 2004, Duluth has celebrated
Gay PrideLGBT pride or gay pride is the concept that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity...
with a
paradePride parades for the LGBT community are events celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender culture. The events also at times serve as demonstrations for legal rights such as same-sex marriage...
on
Labor DayLabor Day is a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September .The holiday originated in Canada out of labor disputes first in Hamilton, then in Toronto, Canada in the 1870s, which resulted in a Trade Union Act which legalized and protected union activity in 1872 in Canada...
weekend. The city celebrates the
Homegrown Music FestivalThe Homegrown Music Festival is Duluth, Minnesota's annual showcase of local bands. The event has grown from featuring 10 acts in 1999 to over 150 in 2008...
the first week in May each year. Started in 1998, the festival features over 130 local musical acts performing across the city. Another "music festival" is the "Junior Achievement High School ROCKS - Battle of the Bands," which showcases middle school and high school bands from central Minnesota to the Canadian border and northern Wisconsin. This event takes place at the DECC mid-April. Duluth is where the
Northeastern Minnesota Book AwardsThe Northeastern Minnesota Book Awards, or the NEMBA Awards, are awards presented annually for books that "substantially represent northeastern Minnesota in the areas of history, culture, heritage, or lifestyle."...
are given, honoring books about the region.
There also exists under a section of I-35 a stretch of graffiti known as the
GraffitiGraffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property....
Graveyard. It is known throughout Duluth and many residents remember visiting the Graffiti Graveyard during their teenage years.
Religion
- St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- St. Andrews By The Lake
- Heritage Baptist Church
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Duluth
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Duluth is a Roman Catholic diocese in Minnesota. The episcopal see is in Duluth, Minnesota. It was established on October 3, 1889 by Pope Leo XIII. The diocese includes Aitkin, Carlton, Cass, Cook, Crow Wing, Itasca, Koochiching, Lake, Pine and St...
- Islamic Community of Twin Ports, Duluth
- Temple Israel - Union for Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism , formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations , is an organization which supports Reform Jewish congregations in North America. The current President is Rabbi Eric H...
- Duluth Bible Church
- First Lutheran Church
- Rock Hill Community Church
- Lakeview Covenant Church
- St. George Serbian Orthodox Church
- Pilgrim Congregational Church (UCC)
- Lakeside Baptist Church (General)
- Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Duluth
- / Kirk of the Lake Presbyterian Church (PCA)
Parks and recreation
Since 1977, Duluth has played host to
Grandma's MarathonGrandma's Marathon is an annual road race held in late spring in Duluth, Minnesota, in the United States. The course runs point-to-point from the town of Two Harbors on Scenic Route 61 and continues along Lake Superior into the city of Duluth...
(named after its original sponsor, Grandma's Restaurant), drawing runners from all over the world. Held annually in June, the course of the marathon starts just outside
Two Harbors, MinnesotaTwo Harbors is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The population was 3,613 at the 2000 census.Minnesota Highway 61 serves as a main arterial route in the city....
, runs down
Old Highway 61
Lake County Road 61 is a county highway which runs from the intersection of Minnesota 61 Expressway and North Shore Scenic Drive in Two Harbors, Minnesota, USA, and follows the North Shore Scenic Drive to Duluth....
, the former route for
U.S. Highway 61Minnesota State Highway 61 is a highway in northeast Minnesota, which runs from the junction of Interstate Highway 35 and Minnesota 61 in Duluth and continues northeast to its northern terminus at the U.S.-Canadian border near Grand Portage...
, along the
North ShoreThe North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, in the east...
of
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
and finishes in one of Duluth's tourism neighborhoods,
Canal Park (Duluth)Canal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. It is situated across the I-35 freeway from Downtown Duluth and is connected by the famous Aerial Lift Bridge to the Park Point sandbar and neighborhood...
. The same route is also taken during the North Shore Inline Marathon, held in September, drawing racers from all over the world.
The Beargrease Sled Dog Marathon is Duluth's annual sled dog race organized in February and named after
John BeargreaseJohn Beargrease, born 1858 as the son of a minor Anishinaabe chief by the name of Makwabimidem , is best remembered as the winter mail carrier between Two Harbors, Minnesota and Grand Marais, Minnesota during the last two decades of the nineteenth century. John used row boat and dog sled to deliver...
, the son of the
AnishinaabeAnishinaabe or Anishinabe—or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek, which is the plural form of the word—is a self-description often used by the Odawa, Ojibwe, and Algonkin peoples, who all speak closely related Anishinabe/Anishinabe languages.The meaning of Anishnaabeg is "First-" or...
Chief Makwabimidem and one of the first mail carriers between
Two Harbors, MinnesotaTwo Harbors is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The population was 3,613 at the 2000 census.Minnesota Highway 61 serves as a main arterial route in the city....
and
Grand Marais, MinnesotaGrand Marais is a city in Cook County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,353 at the 2000 census. It is also the county seat of Cook County. Grand Marais is French for “Big Marsh,” but there is no big marsh in the vicinity of Grand Marais. Instead, historians speculate that in the...
. He and his brothers carried mail by sled dog, boat, and horse for almost twenty years between the two towns, where there was no road. Competitors can choose between two distances; the longer course takes a round trip from Duluth to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, and the course departs from Duluth and ends in
Tofte, MinnesotaTofte Township is one of the three townships of Cook County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 226 at the 2000 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 162.6 square miles , of which, 154.6 square miles of it is land and...
. The marathon was first held in 1980 and is acknowledged as a training ground for the larger and more elite Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
The city is home to the
Duluth Curling Club, the
Duluth Yacht Club, and the
the Duluth-Superior Sailing Association.
Sites of interest
The noted
Glensheen Historic EstateThe Glensheen Historic Estate is a historic mansion on Lake Superior owned by the University of Minnesota Duluth. Glensheen sits on of lake front property, has 38 rooms and is built in the Jacobean architectural tradition, inspired by the Beaux-Arts styles of the era. The mansion was...
, built by wealthy businessman
Chester Adgate CongdonChester Adgate Congdon , lawyer and capitalist, was born in Rochester, New York, on the 12th of June, 1853, his parents being Sylvester Laurentius and Laura Jane Congdon...
, can be found on the shore of
Lake SuperiorLake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded to the north by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, United States, and to the south by the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Michigan...
and is open to tours year-round. The
Aerial Lift BridgeThe Aerial Lift Bridge is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth, Minnesota. The span is a vertical lift bridge, which is rather uncommon, but it began life as an extremely rare transporter bridge—the first of just two such bridges ever constructed in the United States...
, spanning the short
canalCanals are artificial channels for water. There are two types of canal: aqueduct canals are used for the conveyance and delivery of water, and waterway canals are navigable transportation canals used for passage of goods and people, often connected to existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.The word...
into Duluth's harbor, is a vertical
lift bridgeA vertical lift bridge or lift bridge is a type of movable bridge in which a span rises vertically while remaining parallel with the deck....
. It was originally built as an exceedingly rare aerial transfer bridge.
Historic Central High SchoolThe Historic Central High School in the U.S. city of Duluth, Minnesota was built in 1892 of locally-mined brownstone at a cost of $460,000. It features a 230 foot clock tower with chimes patterned after Big Ben in London; the clock faces are each 10 1/2 feet in diameter, overlooking the...
towers over the harbor and features an 1890s classroom museum. The wreck of the
Thomas WilsonThe Thomas Wilson was a whaleback freighter built in 1892 and used to haul bulk freight on the Great Lakes. The ship sank in the harbor of Duluth, Minnesota, on Lake Superior, on 7 June 1902, after a collision with the George Hadley...
, a classic early 20th century
whalebackThe whaleback was a cargo steamship of unique design, with a hull that continuously curved above the waterline from vertical to horizontal--leaving, when fully loaded, only the rounded portion of the hull with its "whaleback" above the waterline. With sides curved in towards the ends, it had a...
ore boat, lies underwater less than a mile outside the Duluth Harbor, the result of a collision. The
USCGC Sundew (WLB-404)The USCGC Sundew is a sea going buoy tender . An Iris, or C-class vessel, it was built by Marine Ironworks and Shipbuilding Corporation in Duluth, Minnesota. Sundews preliminary design was completed by the United States Lighthouse Service and the final design was produced by Marine Iron and...
a former
USCG Seagoing Buoy TenderThe Seagoing Buoy Tender is a type of U.S. Coast Guard cutter originally designed to service aids to navigation, throughout the waters of the United States, and wherever U.S. shipping interests require. The Coast Guard has maintained a fleet of seagoing buoy tenders dating back to its origins in...
is a
museum shipA museum ship, or sometimes memorial ship, is a ship that has been preserved and converted into a museum open to the public, for educational or memorial purposes...
along the Duluth waterfront, as is the 610' long William A Irvin
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Great Lakes AquariumGreat Lakes Aquarium is the only aquarium in the United States that focuses on freshwater exhibits. It is housed in a three-story building in Duluth, Minnesota on the shores of Lake Superior and has numerous large and smaller satellite tanks that comprise the 120,000 gallon facility...
|
Glensheen Historic EstateThe Glensheen Historic Estate is a historic mansion on Lake Superior owned by the University of Minnesota Duluth. Glensheen sits on of lake front property, has 38 rooms and is built in the Jacobean architectural tradition, inspired by the Beaux-Arts styles of the era. The mansion was...
|
The Thomas WilsonThe Thomas Wilson was a whaleback freighter built in 1892 and used to haul bulk freight on the Great Lakes. The ship sank in the harbor of Duluth, Minnesota, on Lake Superior, on 7 June 1902, after a collision with the George Hadley...
|
Aerial Lift BridgeThe Aerial Lift Bridge is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth, Minnesota. The span is a vertical lift bridge, which is rather uncommon, but it began life as an extremely rare transporter bridge—the first of just two such bridges ever constructed in the United States...
|
William A Irvin |
Duluth sign |
Professional sports history
Duluth once fielded a
National Football LeagueThe National Football League is the largest professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing its name to the National Football League in 1922. The league currently consists of...
team called the
KelleysDuluth, Minnesota, hosted a professional football team called the Kelleys from 1923 to 1925 and the Eskimos from 1926 to 1927 in the National Football League...
(officially the Kelley Duluths after the Kelley-Duluth Hardware Store) from 1923-1925 and the Eskimos (officially
Ernie NeversErnest Alonzo Nevers was an American professional athlete who played American football as a fullback for the Duluth Eskimos and the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League, as well as baseball as a pitcher for the St. Louis Browns...
' Eskimos after the early NFL great, their star player) from 1926-1927. The Eskimos were then sold and became the Orange Tornadoes (
Orange, New JerseyThe City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 32,868...
). This bit of history became the basis for the 2008 George Clooney/Renee Zellweger movie, "
LeatherheadsLeatherheads is a 2008 American sports comedy film from Universal Pictures directed by and starring George Clooney. The film also stars Renée Zellweger, Jonathan Pryce and John Krasinski and focuses on the early years of professional American Football....
."
The Duluth-Superior Dukes of the
Northern League Independent Professional BaseballThe Northern League, based in Chicago, is an independent baseball league which operates in the Northern United States and the Canadian province of Manitoba, affiliated with neither Major League Baseball nor the organized minor leagues....
played in West Duluth's
Wade StadiumWade Stadium is a baseball field located near the intersection of Grand Avenue and 34th Avenue West in the West Duluth neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota. The stadium was built in 1941 and holds 4,200 people. It is the home of the Duluth Huskies of the Northwoods League...
from the League's inception in 1993 until 2002 when the team moved to Kansas City and became the
Kansas City T-BonesThe Kansas City T-Bones are a professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Kansas, in the United States. The T-Bones are a member of the Northern League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball...
. The Dukes were Northern League Champions in 1997. The Northern League, based out of the midwest, was also in operation off and on from 1902 to 1971, with the longest stint from 1932-1971. The Dukes were a farm team for the Detroit Tigers from 1960-1964, and several other teams in later years, before the Northern League folded in 1971. The Dukes produced notable players such as Denny McClain, Al Kaline, Bill Freehan, Gates Brown, Ray Oyler, Jim Northrup, Mickey Stanley, John Hiller, and Willie Horton, all who were members of the 1968 world champion Detroit Tigers.
Duluth is also home to Horton's Gym, the home gym of professional
boxersBoxing is a combat sport where two participants, generally of similar weight, fight each other with their fists. Boxing is supervised by a referee and is typically engaged in during a series of one to three-minute intervals called rounds. There are three ways to win...
Zach "Jungle Boy" WaltersZach Walters, alias Jungle Boy, is a light heavyweight professional boxer from Minnesota.-Personal life:Zach Walters was born in Taolagnaro Madagascar. He now calls Duluth, Minnesota his home.-Professional career:...
and
Andy KolleAndy Kolle alias Kaos is a middleweight professional boxer from Minnesota.-Professional career:Kolle made his professional debut against Nick Whiting with a 3rd round knockout on March 6, 2004. As of July 31 2009 Kolle had a professional record of 19 wins and 2 losses...
, as well as a number of other professional prizefighters.
Amateur sports
The
University of Minnesota DuluthThe University of Minnesota Duluth is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. As Duluth's public research university, UMD offers 12 bachelor's degrees in 75 majors, graduate programs in 20 fields, a two-year program at the School of Medicine, a...
Bulldog
hockeyIce Hockey is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a puck into the opposing team's goal. It is a fast-paced and physical sport...
games are a major event in town during the cold Duluth winter. Games used to be televised locally, and thousands watch the games in person at the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center (DECC). Several Bulldogs have gone on to success in the
National Hockey LeagueThe National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league as a joint venture for its self perpetuating membership of 30 franchised member clubs located in the United States and Canada...
, including hockey great
Brett HullBrett Andrew Hull is a former NHL player and the current Executive Vice President of the Dallas Stars. He is the son of Bobby Hull and nephew of Dennis Hull, both former NHL players. Hull is also known as "The Golden Brett," which is a play off of his father's nickname, "The Golden Jet." He played...
. In addition, the UMD Women's ice hockey team has won three consecutive NCAA National Championships (2001-2003), and won again in 2008. The 2003 Women's Frozen Four was played at the DECC, where the Bulldogs defeated Harvard on a dramatic double-overtime goal by Nora Tallus in front of a sellout home crowd.
The
Duluth HuskiesThe Duluth Huskies are a member of the Northwoods League of Summer Collegiate Baseball. They have been operating in Duluth, Minnesota since 2003. The Huskies play their home games at historic Wade Stadium in Duluth, which was built in 1941. The team plays 68 games throughout the summer, 34 at...
are a college summer wood bat league
baseballBaseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond...
team which is based in Duluth and plays in the
Northwoods LeagueThe Northwoods League is a sanctioned collegiate summer baseball league comprising teams of the top college players from North America and beyond. All players in the league must have NCAA eligibility remaining in order to participate...
. The team plays its home games at
Wade StadiumWade Stadium is a baseball field located near the intersection of Grand Avenue and 34th Avenue West in the West Duluth neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota. The stadium was built in 1941 and holds 4,200 people. It is the home of the Duluth Huskies of the Northwoods League...
. They are made up from some of the top college baseball players in the country, playing 34 home games each summer between June and August.
The Duluth-Superior Shoremen are a semi-pro football team based in Duluth's Public Schools Stadium. They play for the Mid-American Football League, and placed second in that league's championship game in 2005.
The
Duluth Xpress is an amateur baseball team that plays its games at the Ordean Middle School baseball field. The team is made up of current college baseball players, ex-college baseball players, and ex-professional baseball players. The Xpress compete in the Arrowhead league which is a class B league of Minnesota
town team baseballTown Team Baseball is a variety of baseball played in the United States. In Town Team baseball, sometimes also called townball, the teams represent either a given city or town, or a commercial enterprise which sponsors the team...
.
Dynamo Duluth plays
bandyBandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.The rules of the game have many similarities to those of association football: the game is played on a rectangle of ice the same size as a soccer field. Each team has eleven...
. That makes Duluth one of only a few spots in the country where that sport exists.
Films, television shows, and recordings in Duluth
- The Crash Test Dummies
The Crash Test Dummies are a Canadian folk rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba, best known for their 1993 single "Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm". Since 2001, the only consistent members of the band have been lead singer Brad Roberts and vocalist Ellen Reid, since the rest of the band members have been busy with...
recorded Songs of the Unforgiven (2004) during a live performance at the unique venue of the Sacred Heart Church, in Duluth.
- TV Series: Power, Privilege & Justice, Mystery in the Mansion (2005) - Filmed at Glensheen Mansion and aired on truTV.
- TV Series: Mystery Diagnosis (2005) - aired on the Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel is an American satellite and cable TV channel , founded by John Hendricks and distributed by Discovery Communications. It provides documentary programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history...
.
- Battleground Minnesota - Release Date: September 1, 2005 - A documentary movie about the 2004 presidential elections in Minnesota.
- Sydämeni laulu - Release Date: July 2, 1948 - Finnish Documentary movie.
- Minnesota: Land of Plenty - Release Date: January 31, 1942 - Documentary short subject by James A. Fitzpatrick
James A. Fitzpatrick was a movie producer, director, writer, and narrator, best remembered for making documentaries. After completing training in dramatic arts, he worked for a while as a journalist. In 1925, he entered in films by filming travel documentaries...
.
- Iron Will
Iron Will is a 1994 family film and adventure film directed by Charles Haid. It is based on the exploits of Albert Campbell, who won the 1917 race from Winnipeg to Saint Paul, and Fred Hartman, the American hope in the race. According to Albert Campbell, he won the race to fulfill his father’s...
- Release date: January 14, 1994 - Movie filmed in Duluth. This Walt Disney Pictures family and adventure film was directed by Charles Haid. It is based on the true story of Albert Campbell, who won a 522-mile dog-sled race race from Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1917. The Movie stars Mackenzie Astin, Kevin Spacey, David Ogden Stiers, George Gerdes, Brian Cox, Penelope Windust, and August Schellenberg.
- You'll Like My Mother - Release date: October 13, 1972 - Feature film shot on location in and around Duluth, principally at Glensheen Historic Estate
The Glensheen Historic Estate is a historic mansion on Lake Superior owned by the University of Minnesota Duluth. Glensheen sits on of lake front property, has 38 rooms and is built in the Jacobean architectural tradition, inspired by the Beaux-Arts styles of the era. The mansion was...
. Released by Universal Studios, this thriller stars Patty DukeAnna Marie "Patty" Duke is an American actress of stage, film, and television. She was able to make the rare successful transition from child star to award-winning adult actress...
as a very pregnant Francesca Kinsolving who travels thousands of miles to meet the mother of her dead soldier husband for the first time. The cold-hearted and distant mother-in-law, played by Rosemary MurphyRosemary Murphy is an American actress of stage, film, and television.Murphy was born in Munich, Germany, the daughter of American parents Mildred and Robert D. Murphy, a diplomat...
, is forced to take in Francesca due to a raging blizzard. The longer Francesca is trapped in the house the more she discovers the disturbing secrets about her mother-in-law and the family. Co-starring Richard Thomas (actor)Richard Earl Thomas is an American actor, best known as budding author "John-Boy" in the CBS Television Series The Waltons...
and Sian Barbara Allen.
- Far North - Release date: November 11, 1988 - Feature film shot on location in and around Duluth. Written and Directed by Sam Shepard
Sam Shepard is an American playwright, actor, and television and film director. He is author of several books of short stories, essays, and memoirs, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979 for his play, Buried Child...
, and starring Jessica LangeJessica Phyllis Lange is an American stage and screen actress. With a career that has spanned thirty-five years and six Academy Award nominations , she may be most notable for her performances in Frances, Tootsie, Sweet Dreams, Blue Sky, and Grey Gardens.-Early life:Lange, the third of four...
, Charles DurningCharles Durning is an American actor of stage and screen.-Early life:Durning was born in Highland Falls, New York and was the second youngest of five children, James G. , Clifford John , Frances and Gerald J. Durning . His mother, Louise M...
, Patricia ArquettePatricia T. Arquette is an American actress, perhaps best known as the star of the supernatural drama series Medium.-Early life and family:...
, and Tess HarperTess Harper is an American actress.-Early life:Tess Harper was born Tessie Jean Washam in Mammoth Spring, Arkansas. She attended Missouri State University in Springfield, Missouri...
.
Set in Duluth
The short lived 1996 sitcom, The Louie (Anderson) Show was set in Duluth. Louie Anderson played psychotherapist, Louie Lundgren. The opening title sequence featured downtown Duluth buildings.
The 1983
Gore VidalGore Vidal is an American author, playwright, essayist, screenwriter and political activist...
novel,
DuluthDuluth is the name of a 1983 novel by Gore Vidal. He considers it one of his best works, as did Italo Calvino, who wrote, "Vidal's development...along that line from Myra Breckinridge to Duluth, is crowned with great success, not only for the density of comic effects, each one filled with meaning,...
was set in a stylized version of Duluth.
The 2008 American Sports Comedy Film,
LeatherheadsLeatherheads is a 2008 American sports comedy film from Universal Pictures directed by and starring George Clooney. The film also stars Renée Zellweger, Jonathan Pryce and John Krasinski and focuses on the early years of professional American Football....
starring and directed by
George ClooneyGeorge Timothy Clooney is an American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter. Clooney has balanced his performances in big-budget blockbusters with work as a producer and director behind commercially riskier projects, as well as social and liberal political activism...
was set in Duluth. Although the film was set in Duluth it was filmed in North and South Carolina. The film featured a fictionalized team called the Duluth Bulldogs.
Notable residents and natives
- Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan is an American singer-songwriter, musician, poet and painter who has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was, at first, an informal chronicler and then an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest...
, Grammy and Academy Award winning folkThe term folk music originated in the 19th century as a term for musical folklore. It has been defined in several ways; as music transmitted by word of mouth, music of the lower classes, music with no known composer...
singer inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of FameThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music...
(1988).
- Kara Goucher
Kara Goucher is an American middle and long-distance runner.-Personal life:Goucher was born in Queens, New York. When she was 4 years old her family moved to Duluth, Minnesota after her father was killed by a drunk driver on the Harlem River Drive....
, distance runner and 2008 Olympian.
- Maria Bamford
Maria Bamford is an American stand-up comedian best known for her portrayal of her dysfunctional family and self-deprecating comedy routine involving jokes about her apparent depression and loneliness. Her comedy style also involves the incorporation of various voices to represent various stock...
, comedian and actor.
- Carol Bly
Carol Bly was a teacher and an award-winning American author of short stories, essays, and nonfiction works on writing...
, authorAn author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created...
.
- Bill Berry
William "Bill" Thomas Berry is an American former musician and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the drummer in alternative rock band R.E.M. for 17 years, before retiring from the group and becoming a farmer...
, R.E.M.drummer
- Roger Grimsby
Roger Grimsby was an American journalist, television news anchor and actor. Grimsby is known as one of the pioneers of local television broadcast news.-Early life:...
, journalist, television news anchor, and actor.
- Robert Isabell
Bruce Robert Isabell was an American event planner who was behind lavish and innovative events including weddings and funerals of the richest and most famous...
(1952-2009), event planner.
- Lenny Lane
Leonard "Lenny" Carlson is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling under the ring name Lenny Lane. During his time tenure in WCW, he was a one time Cruiserweight Champion....
, professional wrestler, most notably for World Championship WrestlingWorld Championship Wrestling was an American professional wrestling promotion which existed from 1988 to 2001. Based in Atlanta, Georgia, it began as a regional promotion affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance , named Jim Crockett Promotions until November 1988, when Ted Turner and his...
.
- Bill Irwin
Barney William Irwin is a professional wrestler best known as Bill Irwin.-Career:Bill Irwin started wrestling in 1979 in the National Wrestling Alliance's Central States territory and in World Class Championship Wrestling. He was soon teaming with his brother, Scott Irwin, as the masked "Super...
, professional wrestler, best known for his stint in the WWFWorld Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. is a publicly-traded, privately-controlled integrated media and sports entertainment company dealing primarily in professional wrestling, with major revenue sources also coming from film, music, product licensing, and direct product sales...
as "The Goon".
- Dorothy Arnold (Olson)
Dorothy Arnold was an American film actress and the first wife of baseball star Joe DiMaggio. Her 20-year movie career began with 1937’s Freshies and ended with 1957’s Lizzie.-Early life:...
, American actress and the first wife of baseball player Joe DiMaggioJoseph Paul "Joe" DiMaggio , born Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio, Jr., was an American baseball player for the New York Yankees. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955...
.
- David Oreck
David Oreck is an American salesman, entrepreneur, and businessman. He is the founder of the Oreck Corporation, makers of vacuum cleaners and air purifiers, and is known through his spokesman appearance in Oreck television commercials and infomercials.-Early life:David Oreck was born close to...
, entrepreneur and businessman.
- Don LaFontaine
Donald Leroy LaFontaine was an American voiceover artist famous for recording more than 5,000 film trailers and hundreds of thousands of television advertisements, network promotions, and video game trailers. His nicknames included "Thunder Throat" and "The Voice of God"...
, voice-over artist famous for recording film trailers, television advertisements, network promotions, and video game trailers.
- Lorenzo Music
Lorenzo Music , was an American actor, voice actor, writer, television producer and musician. He was perhaps best known to audiences for providing the voice of the animated cartoon cat Garfield and Carlton the doorman on the CBS sitcom Rhoda...
, voice actor, though born in Brooklyn, New York was raised and educated in Duluth attending Central High School and University of Minnesota Duluth.
- Charlie Parr
Charlie Parr is a country blues musician from Duluth, Minnesota. His influences include Charlie Patton, Bukka White, Reverend Gary Davis, and Dave Van Ronk. He plays a National resonator guitar, a fretless open-back banjo, and a 12-string guitar in the piedmont blues style...
, bluesBlues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre created within the African-American communities in the Deep South of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...
musician.
- Rick Rickert
Rick Rickert is an American-born basketball player. He is a 2001 graduate of Duluth East High School where he was a basketball star and highly recruited college prospect.-Career:...
, basketball player for the New Zealand BreakersThe New Zealand Breakers are a professional basketball team competing in the Australasian National Basketball League. The Breakers joined the NBL for the 2003/04 season, along with the Hunter Pirates, as one of the two expansion clubs. The club is based in the city of Auckland...
.
- Phil Solem, musician.
- Alan Sparhawk
Alan Sparhawk is the guitarist and vocalist for American band Low.-Biography:He was born in Seattle, and grew up in Utah then rural northwestern Minnesota. He now lives in Duluth, Minnesota...
and Mimi Parker founding members of the alternative rock group LowLow or LOW may refer to:*Low , a relationship between complexity classes in computational complexity theory*Low Island...
.
- Mason Aguirre
Mason Singer Aguirre is an American snowboarder. He competes in halfpipe, slopestyle and superpipe, but consistently places higher in halfpipe and superpipe competitions.-Career:...
, olympic snowboarder.
Sister cities
Duluth has four sister cities, as designated by
Sister Cities InternationalSister Cities International is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering sister cities, especially between cities in the United States and cities in other countries....
:
PetrozavodskPetrozavodsk is the capital of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, with a population of 266,160 . It stretches along the western shore of the Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers. The city is served by Besovets Airport...
,
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
VäxjöVäxjö is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 55,600 inhabitants in 2005. It is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of Kronoberg County. Furthermore it is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö. It has a population of about 56,000, out of a...
,
SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
Ōharawas a town located in Isumi District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 20,094 and a density of 301.67 persons per km². The total area was 66.61 km². It is twinned with Petrozavodsk, in Russia. -Merger:...
, now Isumi,
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
Thunder Bay-In Canada:Thunder Bay is the name of two places in the province of Ontario, Canada along Lake Superior:*Thunder Bay District, Ontario, a district in Northwestern Ontario*Thunder Bay, a city in Thunder Bay District*Thunder Bay, Unorganized, Ontario...
,
OntarioOntario is a province located in east-central Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area. Ontario is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba to the west and Quebec to the east, and 5 U.S...
,
CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
See also
- Darling's Observatory
Darling's Observatory was a private observatory built by Mr. J. H. Darling in Duluth, Minnesota. The site of the observatory was on West 3rd St. between 9th and 10th avenues in Duluth, MN, and sat about 325 feet above Lake Superior . Plans for the building were drawn by Richard E. Schmidt of...
- Duluth Model
- List of people from Duluth, Minnesota
- Neighborhoods of Duluth, Minnesota
The city of Duluth, overlooking Lake Superior in the U.S. state of Minnesota has several distinct neighborhoods.- Central :*Canal Park*Central Hillside*Downtown Duluth*East Hillside*Park Point- Eastern Duluth :*Chester Park / UMD*Congdon Park...
External links