Duke of Cleveland is a title that has been created twice, once in the Peerage of England

Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....

 and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom

Peerage of the United Kingdom

The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...

. The dukedoms were named after Cleveland

Cleveland, England

Cleveland is an area in the north east of England. Its name means literally "cliff-land", referring to its hilly southern areas, which rise to nearly...

 in northern England.

The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for Barbara Palmer, a mistress of King Charles II

Charles II of England

Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...

. The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by Charles FitzRoy

Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland

Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 1st Duke of Southampton, Chief Butler of England , styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675, was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine and the illegitimate son of King...

, her illegitimate son by Charles II. Being illegitimate, he would not normally have inherited the peerage. He was made Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester

Earl of Chichester

Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times in British history. It was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1644 when Francis Leigh, 1st Baron Dunsmore, was made Earl of Chichester, in the County of Sussex, with remainder to his son-in-law Thomas Wriothesley,...

 and Baron Newbury in 1675 and inherited the dukedom of Cleveland in 1709.

His son William inherited both dukedoms, but he had no issue, and since his uncles (Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton KG was the illegitimate son of King Charles II by Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine....

 (died 1690) and George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland

George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland

Lieutenant-General George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC was the third and youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II and his mother Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine...

 (died 1716)) had not been made eligible to inherit the peerage, the title could not pass to one of their descendants and became extinct upon his death.

The dukedom of Cleveland was created again in 1833 for William Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington, along with the title Baron Raby. He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, the second Duke of the first creation, and had already been created Marquess of Cleveland in 1827. For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1891, and the Vane family, see the Baron Barnard

Baron Barnard

Baron Barnard, of Barnard Castle in the Bishopric of Durham, is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1698 for Sir Christopher Vane, who had previously served as a Member of Parliament for County Durham and Boroughbridge. Vane was the son of Sir Henry Vane the Younger and grandson of...

.

Dukes of Cleveland, first Creation (1670)

Other titles (all): Countess of Southampton and Baroness Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey (1670)

• Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
  Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
  Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland was an English courtesan and perhaps the most notorious of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England, by whom she had five children, all of which were acknowledged and subsequently ennobled...
  
   (1641–1709), a mistress of Charles II
  Charles II of England
  Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
  
  

Other titles (2nd onwards): Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (1675)

• Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
  Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
  Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 1st Duke of Southampton, Chief Butler of England , styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675, was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine and the illegitimate son of King...
  
  , 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–1730), eldest (illegitimate) son of the 1st Duchess of Cleveland and Charles II
• William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland
  William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland
  William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland was an English nobleman, styled Earl of Chichester until 1730....
  
  , 2nd Duke of Southampton (1698–1774), eldest son of the 2nd Duke of Cleveland. He died without issue, and his titles were extinct.

Dukes of Cleveland, second Creation (1833)

Other titles: Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833)

• William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland
  William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland
  William Henry Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland, KG was a British peer.He was born in 1766, the son of the 2nd Earl of Darlington, and was baptised at the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace...
  
   (1766–1842), great-grandson of the above 2nd Duke
• Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
  Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland
  General Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, KG was a British peer, politician and army officer.Born The Honourable Henry Vane, he was the eldest son of William Vane, Viscount Barnard and his first wife, Katherine, the second daughter of Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton...
  
   (1788–1864), eldest son of the 1st Duke
• William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland
  William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland
  William John Frederick Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland , styled The Hon. William Vane from 1792 to 1813, The Hon...
  
   (1792–1864), second son of the 1st Duke
• Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland
  Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland
  Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland KG , born Harry George Vane and known as Lord Harry George Vane from 1827 to 1864, was an English Whig statesman. He was the third son of William Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington, who would later be created Duke of Cleveland...
  
   (1803–1891), youngest son of the 1st Duke. All of his titles except for Baron Barnard
  Baron Barnard
  Baron Barnard, of Barnard Castle in the Bishopric of Durham, is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1698 for Sir Christopher Vane, who had previously served as a Member of Parliament for County Durham and Boroughbridge. Vane was the son of Sir Henry Vane the Younger and grandson of...
  
  went extinct upon his death without issue.