Duchy of Cornwall

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Duchy of Cornwall

The Duchy of Cornwall is, with the Duchy of Lancaster

Duchy of Lancaster

The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchy in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal property of the monarch....
, one of the two Royal duchies

Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
in the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

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Encyclopedia

The Duchy of Cornwall is, with the Duchy of Lancaster

Duchy of Lancaster

The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchy in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal property of the monarch....
, one of the two Royal duchies

Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
in the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
. The eldest son of the reigning British monarch inherits the duchy and title of Duke of Cornwall

Duke of Cornwall

The Dukedom of Cornwall was the first dukedom created in the peerage of England.The present Duke of Cornwall is Charles, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, the reigning British monarch ....
at the time of his birth (if the monarch has no son the estates of the Duchy are held by the Crown and there is no Duke). The current Duke is Charles, the Prince of Wales.

The Duchy owns land totalling 571 km² (or 135,000 acres). Nearly half of the holdings are in Devon

Devon

Devon is a large Counties of England in South West England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name, rarely used inside of the county but often indicating a shire....
, with other large holdings in Cornwall

Cornwall

Cornwall , constitutional Duchy and palatine, is a metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England of England, United Kingdom, located at the tip of the south-western peninsula of Great Britain....
, Herefordshire

Herefordshire

Herefordshire is a Historic counties of England and Ceremonial counties of England Counties of England in the West Midlands Regions of England of England....
, Somerset

Somerset

Somerset is a Counties of England in South West England. The county town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county. The Ceremonial counties of England of Somerset borders the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west....
, and the constituent country

Constituent country

A constituent country is a country that is part of a larger entity, such as a sovereign state or Supranationalism body....
of Wales

Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
For the fiscal year 2007, the Duchy was valued at £647 million, and annual profit in 2007 was £16.3 million, thus yielding 2.5%.

As a Crown body

The Crown

Throughout the Commonwealth realms, the Crown is an abstract metonymy concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government....
, and managed by the Crown Estate

Crown Estate

In the United Kingdom, the Crown Estate is a property financial portfolio associated with the British monarchy, that belongs to the reigning monarch ....
, the Duchy is tax-exempt

Tax exemption

A tax exemption is an exemption from all or certain taxes of a state or nation in which part of the taxes that would normally be collected from an individual or an organization are instead foregone....
from paying corporation tax

United Kingdom corporation tax

Corporation tax is a tax levied in the United Kingdom on the Profit s made by Company and on the profits of permanent establishments of non-UK resident companies and associations that trade in the EU....
, but since 1993 the Prince of Wales has voluntarily paid income tax

Taxation in the United Kingdom

Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to a minimum of two different levels of government: The Her Majesty's Government and Local government in the United Kingdom....
. The Prince paid a voluntary contribution to the Treasury

HM Treasury

HM Treasury, in full Her Majesty's Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing the British government's public finance policy and economic policy....
of 50% of his Duchy income from the time he became eligible for its full income at the age of 21 in 1969, and had paid 25% since his 1981 marriage. Tax is calculated after deducting business expenditure, the biggest source of which is The Prince's staff of around 110 including private secretaries to a valet

Valet

Valet and Varlet are terms for male Domestic workers who serve as personal attendants to their employer. In the Middle Ages, the valet de chambre to a ruler was a prestigious appointment for young courtiers, though in England, unlike France, these court roles later came to be called "Groom of the Chamber"....
working in his office at Clarence House

Clarence House

Clarence House is a royal home in London, situated on The Mall . It is attached to St. James's Palace and shares the palace's garden. For nearly 50 years, from 1953 to 2002, it was home to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, but is now the official residence of Charles, Prince of Wales, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and the Princes Prince William of Wale...
and at Highgrove House

Highgrove

Highgrove House is the country home of Charles, Prince of Wales, in Gloucestershire, England. Situated at Doughton, near Tetbury, Highgrove House was purchased in 1980 by the Duchy of Cornwall....
. Detailed records are kept to determine the split between public and private expenditure.

Duchy of Cornwall dispute

For some Cornish people

Cornish people

The Cornish people are regarded as an ethnic group of the United Kingdom originating in Cornwall. They are often described as a Modern Celts....
, the Duchy, as shown by the Officers of the Duchy of Cornwall in 1855 in its dispute with the Crown over the ownership of the Cornish Foreshore

Cornish Foreshore Case

The Cornish Foreshore Case was a case of arbitration between the Crown and the Duchy of Cornwall between 1854 and 1858. Officers of the Duchy successfully argued that the Duchy enjoyed many of the rights and prerogatives of a county palatine and that although the Duke of Cornwall was not granted Royal jurisdiction, was considered to be quasi-...
, has quite a different significance, based on the original Acts and Charters of its creation. Cornwall itself in this framework is described, de jure

De jure

De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".The terms de jure and de facto are used instead of "in principle" and "in practice", respectively, when one is describing politics or legal situations....
, as a Duchy

Cornwall (territorial duchy)

Cornwall as a territorial Duchy has its roots in 1068 when the Earl of Cornwall was formed and existed until 1336 to maintain a form of independence for Kernow from Wessex ....
(as opposed to an ordinary county), and the Duchy estates are distinguished from the Duchy itself, having themselves been annexed and united to "the aforesaid Duchy". The Duke of Cornwall may even be described as Cornwall's head of state. For example, the Duke traditionally had a ceremonial role in summoning the Cornish Stannary Parliament

Stannary Courts and Parliaments

The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in West Devon , England. The Stannary Courts administered Equity for the region's tin-miners and tin mining interests, and they were also Court of record for the towns dependent on the mines....
. In addition the Treasury Solicitors agency for Bona Vacantia Division

Bona vacantia

Bona vacantia is a common law doctrine in the United Kingdom under which ownerless property passes by law to the Crown. It has largely replaced the doctrine of escheat, which had a similar effect in relation to feudal tenures....
considers The Duchy of Cornwall to comprise the County of Cornwall.

It should be noted, however, that the administrative machinery of Cornwall almost invariably refers to itself as a county (including, for example, Cornwall County Council

Cornwall County Council

File:New County Hall.jpgCornwall County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall, in the United Kingdom....
itself) in the English language

English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
. Although it can be argued that the administrative county and Duchy in this sense are separate, co-existing entities, this should be considered within the context of the Honour (Kingdom/Dukedom) within which exists the necessary infrastructure for administration and taxation (county/shire). The administrative county of Cornwall, therefore, being within the Duchy of Cornwall. The reason the Royal Commission on the Constitution

Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)

The Royal Commission on the Constitution, also referred to as the Kilbrandon Commission or Kilbrandon Report, was a long-running royal commission set up by Harold Wilson's Labour Party government to examine the structures of the constitution of the United Kingdom and the British Islands and the government of its constituent coun...
(Kilbrandon

Charles Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon

Charles James Dalrymple Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon was a Scotland judge.Elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1932, Kilbrandon was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Advocates in 1957....
1973) recommended that Cornwall be officially referred to as 'the Duchy' was to recognise expressed concerns over its territorial integrity.

The Duchy was established in 1337 by Edward III of England

Edward III of England

Edward III was one of the most successful List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of Englands of the Britain in the Middle Ages. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II of England, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into the most efficient military power in Europe....
for his son, Edward, Prince of Wales

Edward, the Black Prince

Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, Order of the Garter , popularly known as The Black Prince, was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, and father to King Richard II of England....
. The significance of this honour can be seen in the subsequent Charter of Henry IV

Henry IV of England

Henry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke....
to Prince Henry

Henry V of England

Henry V was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422....
: "We have made and created Henry our most dear first-begotten Son, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester, and have given and granted, and by our Charter have confirmed to him the said Principality, Duchy, and Earldom, that he may preside there, and by presiding, may direct and defend the said parts. We have invested him with the said Principality, Duchy, and Earldom, per sertum in capite et annulum in digito aureum ac virgam auream juxta morem."

It is commonly understood that the augmentation of the former Earldom of Cornwall into a Duchy occurred on 17 March 1337 by the First Duchy Charter. Whilst this now appears to be entitled the 'Charter of Creation' it was originally called 'The Great Charter' and within it, it can be seen as referring to the fact of the Duchy as having already been created. This charter is simply an enumeration of what this territorial possession comprises in terms of territory, estates, revenues and rights - both public and private. This was done to remove, as stated within the Charter, any doubt over what the Honor comprised. During the latter period of the Earldom of Cornwall

Earl of Cornwall

The title of Earl of Cornwall was created several times in the Peerage of England before 1337, when it was superseded by the title Duke of Cornwall, which became attached to heirs-apparent to the throne....
various parts of this territorial possession were granted as separate parcels (e.g., Stannaries, vicecomitatus, etc.) which could have been construed as a severance from the Earldom. The purpose of the First Charter was to show clearly that these still formed part of the Honor. From this it is shown that it is: A) - incorrect to assign the name of this territorial honour exclusively to the estates, which formed only a part of the possessions annexed and united the Duchy of Cornwall, and, B) - considered inappropriate to use the name of this territorial Honour as a commercial brand name.

Both the Duchy of Cornwall and its counterpart, the Duchy of Lancaster

Duchy of Lancaster

The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchy in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal property of the monarch....
(since 1399 held by the monarch in a personal capacity), have special legal rights not available to other landed estates: for example, the rules on Bona vacantia

Bona vacantia

The Crown

Throughout the Commonwealth realms, the Crown is an abstract metonymy concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government....
) and there are separate Attorneys General

Attorney General

In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general, or attorney-general, is the main legal advisor to the government, and in some jurisdictions he or she may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions....
for the Duchies. Generally, the exemptions all tend to follow the same line: any rights pertaining to the Crown generally in most areas of the country instead pertain to the Duke of Cornwall in right of the Duchy.

In 1780 Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke was an Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist, and philosophy who, after relocating to Great Britain, served for many years in the British House of Commons as a member of the British Whig Party party....
sought to curtail further the power of the Crown by removing the various principalities which existed.

… the five several distinct principalities besides the supreme …. If you travel beyond Mount Edgcumbe, you find him [the king] in his incognito, and he is duke of Cornwall …. Thus every one of these principalities has the apparatus of a kingdom …. Cornwall is the best of them….

However, his Parliamentary Bill failed, due to the fact that the current Duke (George, b. 1762) was under age.

Duchy as a private estate

There is a large body of evidence collated by the Attorney General to the Duchy of Cornwall in the 1858 Cornish Foreshore Case

Cornish Foreshore Case

The Cornish Foreshore Case was a case of arbitration between the Crown and the Duchy of Cornwall between 1854 and 1858. Officers of the Duchy successfully argued that the Duchy enjoyed many of the rights and prerogatives of a county palatine and that although the Duke of Cornwall was not granted Royal jurisdiction, was considered to be quasi-...
that showed Cornwall to be extra-territorial to England

England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
. For example on George III's accession on 25 October 1760 he surrendered ‘Crown land

Crown land

Crown land is a designated area belonging to the Crown, the equivalent of an Fee tail Estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be Title from it....
s’ held in England, Wales

Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
and Scotland

Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
to the state in return for an annual ‘civil list

Civil list

A civil list is a list of individuals to whom money is paid by the government....
’ payment. The Duchy of Cornwall, i.e. Cornwall, was excluded from this legal arrangement, so today the Crown Estates has no jurisdiction

Jurisdiction

In law, jurisdiction is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility....
in Cornwall.

High Sheriffs must by law swear an oath of allegiance

Allegiance

An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed by a subject or a citizen to his/her state or Monarch....
to the sovereign, but the High Sheriff of Cornwall

High Sheriff of Cornwall

High Sheriffs of Cornwall: a chronological list:Note: the Duchy of Cornwall - has the right to choose High Sheriffs each year, rather than the Privy Council, chaired by the Sovereign which chooses the Sheriffs of all other English counties, other than the those in the Duchy of Lancaster....
swears an oath of allegiance

Oath of allegiance

An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a nationality or citizen acknowledges his/her duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to his/her monarch or country....
to the Duke. Nearly all laws passed for England and Wales today do not apply to the Duke or his territorial possession known as the Duchy of Cornwall and only two named individuals in the UK have Crown Immunity – the sovereign of the UK and the sovereign of Cornwall “in right of his Duchy of Cornwall”.

Various laws, and the government’s own legal department, state that the Duchy of Cornwall is co-terminus with the administrative area of Cornwall and to this day, the Queen

Queen

In singular form, 'Queen' may refer to:In government and monarchy:See also...
is the owner of last resort of all land in England, Wales and Scotland, but not of Cornwall. These exemptions (which are applied on grounds that the Duchy is not part of England and Wales), reflect a constitutional situation that the Duke is able to protect by right to intervene in, and control the outcome of, any court case that might affect the Duchy’s unique constitutional position.

Discrepancies in the Great Charter translations

The English translation of the 17 March 1337 Great Charter

Magna Carta

Magna Carta , also called Magna Carta Libertatum , is an Kingdom of England legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin....
(or in Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
"Magna Carta"), as deployed in Rowe v. Brenton (Manning edition 1830) states that the King's son is "Duke of Cornwall and heir to the Kingdom of England".

A revised Government translation states that the King's son is "Duke of Cornwall in the Kingdom of England" (Halsbury's Laws

Halsbury's Laws of England

Halsbury's Laws of England is a definitive Encyclopedia treatise on the English Law published by LexisNexis Butterworths. It includes restatements of the common law with remarks to the relevant judgement and the statutory law which has in many cases codification, modified or supplemented common law....
1973).

The Charter Roll of 16 March 1337 announcing the Great Charter said that inspiration was drawn from the time when Cornwall was recognised as being a separate Kingdom, and that the intention was to "restore Cornwall’s original ancient honours".

Today the Duchy states that the "main purpose of the Charter is to create an income for the Duke".

In 1857 the Duchy stated that the three Charters confirm and acknowledge Cornwall as being co-terminous with the Duchy, which is extra-territorial to England and subject to its own chief ruler, law making apparatus and tax raising regime.

Today the Duchy states that "it is merely a collection of private estates".

Halsbury's Laws refer only to the 17 March 1337 Great Charter. Two subsequent Charters of 18 March 1337 and 3 January 1338 confirming that Cornwall was for all time to be subject to its own law-making regime, and not subject to England’s Summons of Exchequer
Exchequer

The Exchequer was a part of the governments of England , Scotland, and Northern Ireland that was responsible for the management and collection of revenues....
are not referenced.

Today there is a Parliamentary injunction preventing MPs from raising questions about, or even attempting to discuss, these matters. On 16 July 1997 the Liberal Democrat
Liberal Democrats

The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems or just Lib Dem, are a Liberalism political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party ; the two parties had been SDP-Liberal Alliance for seven years, from shortly after the formation of the SDP....
Andrew George MP attempted to raise a Duchy-related question but he was prevented by an injunction that disallows MPs raising any questions in Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislature in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories....
that are in any way related to the Duchy.

In 2006 the case for Cornwall, in respect of alleged violations of the European Convention on Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms , was adopted under the auspices of the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental Freedom in Europe....
, Articles 6, (independent and impartial courts); 8, (respect family life); 10, (freedom of expression); 13, (violations by officials); 14 with Protocol 12, (discrimination on the grounds of association with a national minority, property, birth or other status); 17, (the official destruction of rights); Protocol 1 Article 1, (property rights) with 385 supporting documents, was submitted by members of the Cornish Stannary Parliament
Stannary Courts and Parliaments

The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in West Devon , England. The Stannary Courts administered Equity for the region's tin-miners and tin mining interests, and they were also Court of record for the towns dependent on the mines....
to the European Court of Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights

The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg was established under the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950 to monitor compliance by Contracting Parties....
. On 13 April, 2006 the Court stated that it: "will deal with the case as soon as practicable".

Offices

Lord Warden of the Stannaries

See Lord Warden of the Stannaries
Lord Warden of the Stannaries

The Lord Warden of the Stannaries used to exercise judicial and military functions in Cornwall, United Kingdom and is still the official who, upon the commission of the British monarchy or Duke of Cornwall for the time being, has the function of calling a Stannary Courts and Parliaments of tinners....

Chancellor (Keeper of the Privy Seal)

1802–1806: Thomas Erskine
Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine

Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine , Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was the third and youngest son of Henry David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, and was born in Edinburgh....
1806–1815: William Adam
William Adam (MP)

William Adam, King's Counsel was a Scotland Member of Parliament in the British Parliament and subsequently a Judge. He was the only surviving son of John Adam , architect and master mason to the Board of Ordnance in Scotland....
1816–1818?: John Leach
John Leach (Judge)

Sir John Leach, King's Counsel was an England judge.In 1817 Leach was appointed to the List of Privy Counsellors of King George III of the United Kingdom. From 1827 until his death in 1834 he was Master of the Rolls....

1843–1846?: Thomas Pemberton Leigh
Thomas Pemberton Leigh, 1st Baron Kingsdown

Thomas Pemberton Leigh, Baron Kingsdown , the eldest son of Thomas Pemberton, a Court of Chancery barrister, was born in London.He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1816, and at once acquired a lucrative equity practice....
1846?–1852: Sir William Gibson-Craig, Bt
1852–1853: Marquess of Chandos
Richard Temple-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos

Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Order of the Star of India, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland statesman of the 19th century, and a close friend and subordinate of Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield....
1853–1855: Lord Alfred Hervey
Lord Alfred Hervey

Lord Alfred Hervey , known before 1826 as Alfred Hervey, was a minor British politician. He was the youngest son of Frederick Hervey, 1st Marquess of Bristol....
1855–1858: The Viscount Monck
1858–1858: Henry Brand
Henry Brand, 1st Viscount Hampden

Henry Bouverie William Brand, 1st Viscount Hampden Order of the Bath , Speaker of the British House of Commons, was the second son of the Henry Otway Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, and descended, indirectly, from John Hampden, the patriot....
1858–1859: Henry Whitmore
1859–1863: Sir William Alexander, Bt
1863–1865: Sir William Dunbar, Bt
1865–1870: Herbert William Fisher
Herbert William Fisher

Herbert William Fisher born at Poulshot, Wiltshire, England, was a British historian, best known for his book Considerations on the Origin of the American War ....
1870–1901: The Earl of Leicester
Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester

Thomas William Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester Order of the Garter , known as Viscount Coke from 1837 to 1842, was a British peerage.Leicester was the son of Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester , by his second wife Lady Anne Amelia Keppel....
1901–1906: The Earl Spencer
John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer

John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, Order of the Garter was a United Kingdom The Liberal Party politician under and close friend of British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone....
1907–1913: The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe
William Edgcumbe, 4th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe

William Henry Edgcumbe, 4th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, Royal Victorian Order, Privy Council was the son of Ernest Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Edgcumbe....
1913–1933: The Lord Clinton
Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton

Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton, Royal Victorian Order, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a United Kingdom Peerage....
1933–1936?: The Earl of Radnor
William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor

William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor, Order of the Garter, Royal Victorian Order was born on 18 December 1895 and died in 1968. He was the son of Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 6th Earl of Radnor and Julian Eleanor Adelaide Balfour....

1977–1983: The Marquess of Lothian
Peter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian

Peter Francis Walter Kerr, 12th Marquess of Lothian, Royal Victorian Order was a United Kingdom Peerage, Politics of the United Kingdom and landowner....

1990–1994: The Hon. Sir John Baring
John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton

John Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton, Order of the Garter, Royal Victorian Order, Deputy Lieutenant is a United Kingdom merchant banker and former chairman of BP ....
(later Lord Ashburton)

Receiver-General

1533–1550?: Sir Thomas Arundell
1715–1720: Edward Eliot
Edward Eliot

Edward Eliot may refer to:*Edward Craggs-Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot , British politician - born Edward Eliot.*Edward James Eliot , British politician - the son of Craggs-Eliot....
bef. 1740–1748?: Richard Eliot
1751–1804: Edward Craggs-Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot
Edward Craggs-Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot

Edward Craggs-Eliot, 1st Baron Eliot was born to Richard Eliot and Harriot Craggs , the illegitimate daughter of the Privy Council of Great Britain and Secretary of State, James Craggs the Younger and Hester Santlow, the noted actress....
1804–1807: Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan

Richard Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish playwright and British Whig Party statesman....
1807–1808: The Viscount Lake
Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake

Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake , was a Kingdom of Great Britain general....
1808–1816: Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan

Richard Brinsley Sheridan was an Irish playwright and British Whig Party statesman....
1816–1817: Sir John McMahon, 1st Baronet
1817–1823?: Lord William Gordon
1823–1830?: Sir William Knighton, Bt
1830?–1849: Henry Wheatley

abolished, then revived
1862–1866: Sir Charles Beaumont Phipps
Charles Beaumont Phipps

Sir Charles Beaumont Phipps , was a British soldier and courtier.He was the second son of Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave, and was born at the family estate of Mulgrave Castle in 1801....
1866–1878: Sir Thomas Myddleton-Biddulph
1878–1883: Sir William Thomas Knollys
1883–1888: Sir John Rose, Bt
1888–1908: Sir Robert Kingscote
1908–1929: The Lord Revelstoke
1929–1936: Sir Edward Peacock
Edward Robert Peacock

Knight Bachelor Edward Robert Peacock was a Canada merchant banker, born in St. Elmo, Glengarry County, Ontario, Ontario. He is perhaps best known as a director of the Bank of England, or for his role as Receiver General to the Duchy of Cornwall....

1961–1973: The Lord Ashburton
1974–1990: The Hon. Sir John Baring
John Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton

John Francis Harcourt Baring, 7th Baron Ashburton, Order of the Garter, Royal Victorian Order, Deputy Lieutenant is a United Kingdom merchant banker and former chairman of BP ....
(later Lord Ashburton)
1990–2000: The Earl Cairns
2000–present: The Hon. James Leigh-Pemberton
James Leigh-Pemberton

James Henry Leigh-Pemberton is a British banker and the incumbent Receiver-General for the Duchy of Cornwall.The son of former Governor of the Bank of England and life-peer Robin Leigh-Pemberton, Baron Kingsdown, James Leigh-Pemberton was educated at Eton College and started his career at S....

Attorney-General

1613–?: Sir John Walter
1634–?: Sir Richard Lane
1643–1648?: Sir Robert Holborne
Robert Holborne

Sir Robert Holborne was an England lawyer and Member of Parliament in the years leading up to the English Civil War.Holborne had spent some time as a Marshal and a Reader at Lincoln's Inn, which he first entered in 1615, after his training at Furnival's Inn....
?–1698: Francis Buller
1714–1727?: Spencer Cowper
Spencer Cowper

Spencer Cowper, MP and barrister was born in 1670, the second son of Sir William Cowper, 2nd Baronet of Hertford, and his wife, Lady Sarah Cowper, the diarist, and the daughter of Samuel Holled, a London merchant....
1729–1730: William Lee
1730–1736: William Fortescue
1736–1748: Robert Pauncefort
1748–1751: Henry Bathurst
Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst

Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst Privy Council of Great Britain King's Counsel , known as the Lord Apsley from 1771 to 1775, was a United Kingdom lawyer and politician....
1783–1793: Thomas Erskine
Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine

Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine , Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was the third and youngest son of Henry David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, and was born in Edinburgh....
(later Lord Erskine)
1793–1800: Robert Graham
1800–1805: Vicary Gibbs
Vicary Gibbs

Sir Vicary Gibbs, King's Counsel was an England judge and politician. He was known for his caustic wit, which won for him the sobriquet of "Vinegar Gibbs"....
1805–1806: William Adam
William Adam (MP)

William Adam, King's Counsel was a Scotland Member of Parliament in the British Parliament and subsequently a Judge. He was the only surviving son of John Adam , architect and master mason to the Board of Ordnance in Scotland....
1806–1812: William Garrow
William Garrow

Sir William Garrow was an English people lawyer born in Middlesex, England. He was admitted by Lincoln's Inn on 27 November 1778 and was call to the Bar on the same date five years later....
1812–1815: Joseph Jekyll
Joseph Jekyll

Sir Joseph Jekyll, King's Serjeant , English lawyer and Master of the Rolls, son of John Jekyll, was born in London, and after studying at the Middle Temple was called to the bar in 1687....
1816–1818: William Draper Best
1819–1820?: Charles Warren

vacant?
1841–1843: Thomas Pemberton
Thomas Pemberton Leigh, 1st Baron Kingsdown

Thomas Pemberton Leigh, Baron Kingsdown , the eldest son of Thomas Pemberton, a Court of Chancery barrister, was born in London.He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1816, and at once acquired a lucrative equity practice....
(later Lord Kingsdown)
1843–1852: The Hon. John Chetwynd-Talbot
1852–1863: Sir Edward Smirke
Edward Smirke

Sir Edward Smirke, , lawyer and antiquary, third son of Robert Smirke , and brother of Sir Robert Smirke , and of Sydney Smirke, was born at Marylebone in 1795....
1863–1873: Sir William Alexander, Bt
1873–1877: George Loch
George Loch

George Loch was a British politician. He was elected as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament for Wick Burghs in 1868, resigning in 1872 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead....
1877–1877: Alfred Henry Theisinger
1877–1892: Sir Charles Hall
1892–1895: Sir Henry James
Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford

Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Queen's Counsel , was an Anglo-Welsh lawyer and statesman....
(later Lord James of Hereford)
1895–1914: Charles Cripps
Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor

Charles Alfred Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor Royal Victorian Order, Queen's Counsel, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a United Kingdom politician who crossing the floor from the Conservative Party to the Labour Party and was a strong supporter of the League of Nations and of Church of England causes....
(later Lord Parmoor)
1914–1915: George Cave
George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave

George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave, Order of St Michael and St George , King's Counsel , Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a United Kingdom lawyer and Conservative Party politician who became Lord Chancellor....
(later Lord Cave)
1915–1916: Henry Duke
Henry Duke, 1st Baron Merrivale

Henry Edward Duke, 1st Baron Merrivale Privy Council of the United Kingdom , was a United Kingdom judge and Conservative Party politician. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1916 and 1918....
(later Lord Merrivale)

1920–1922: Sir Douglas Hogg
Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham

File:Hailsham1.JPGDouglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a British Conservative lawyer and politician....
(later Viscount Hailsham)
1923–1928: Anthony Hawke
1928–1932: Geoffrey Lawrence
Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey

Geoffrey Lawrence, 3rd Baron Trevethin and 1st Baron Oaksey, Distinguished Service Order, Territorial Decoration, King's Counsel was the main British Judge during the Nuremberg trials after World War II, and President of the Judicial group....
(later Lord Trevethin and Oaksey)
1932–1951: Walter Monckton
Walter Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley

Walter Turner Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Royal Victorian Order, Order of St Michael and St George, Military Cross, Privy Council of the United Kingdom was a United Kingdom politician....
(later Lord Monckton of Brenchley)
1951–1960: Charles Russell
Charles Ritchie Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen

Charles Ritchie Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen Privy Council of the United Kingdom, , was a United Kingdom judge and law lord.The son of the Frank Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, Russell was Lord Justice of Appeal from 1962 to 1975, having been made also a Privy council in 1962....
(later Lord Russell of Killowen)
1960–1969: Sir Joseph Molony
1969–1977: Anthony Lloyd
Anthony Lloyd, Baron Lloyd of Berwick

Anthony John Leslie Lloyd, Baron Lloyd of Berwick PC was a United Kingdom judge. He retired in 1999.He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and was raised to the House of Lords with the title Baron Lloyd of Berwick, of Ludlay in the County of East Sussex on 1 October 1993....
1978–1988: Andrew Morritt
Andrew Morritt

Sir Andrew Morritt Royal Victorian Order is a United Kingdom judge, currently the Chancellor of the High Court.He attended Magdalene College, Cambridge....
1988–1994: Robert Carnwath
Robert Carnwath

Sir Robert John Anderson Carnwath Royal Victorian Order Queen's Counsel is a United Kingdom judge.Carnwath was called to the barrister at Middle Temple in 1968....
1994–1997: Sir Jeremy Sullivan
Jeremy Sullivan

Sir Jeremy Mirth Sullivan Privy Counsellor , styled The Hon. Mr Justice Sullivan, was appointed to the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice by the Lord Chancellor on 1 October 1997....
1998–2006: Nicholas Underhill
2006–present: Jonathan Crow

Surveyor-General

1747–1751: The Lord Baltimore
Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore

Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, Royal Society was a Kingdom of Great Britain Nobility and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland....
1751–1796?: Edward Bayntun-Rolt
1796?–?: Sir John Morshead, Bt

1808–1829: Benjamin Tucker

1833–1849: Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley
Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley

Philip Charles Shelley Sidney, 1st Baron De L'Isle and Dudley Royal Guelphic Order was a British Tory politician.Sidney was the only son of Sir John Shelley-Sidney, 1st Baronet and Henrietta Hunloke....
1849–?: James Robert Gardiner

Keeper of the Records

1843–1849: James Robert Gardiner
?–1873: Joshua Wigley Bateman
1873–1886: George Wilmshurst
1886–1908: Sir Maurice Holzmann
1908–1930?: Walter Peacock

1936–1954: Sir Clive Burn

?–1972: Sir Patrick Kingsley
1972–1981: Francis Anthony Gray
1981–1986: John Walter Yeoman Higgs
1987–1993: Sir David Landale
1993–1997: Sir John James
1997–present: Bertie Ross

Auditor

1692–1704: Philip Bertie
Philip Bertie

Philip Bertie was an English courtier and politician, the third son of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey.Bertie was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, from which he took a BA in 1685, and trained a company of volunteers of foot from among the Oxford scholars to support James II of England during the Monmouth Rebellion....
1704–1713: Albemarle Bertie
1738–?: Charles Montagu
?–1751: Robert Andrews
1751–bef. 1767?: William Trevannion

1791–1796: John Willett Payne
John Willett Payne

Rear-Admiral John Willett Payne was a senior, veteran officer of the Royal Navy who also served as a close friend, advisor and courtier to George IV of the United Kingdom before and during his first regency....
1796–1803: Thomas Tyrwhitt
1803–1816: Sir John McMahon, Bt
1816–1817: Sir Benjamin Bloomfield
Benjamin Bloomfield, 1st Baron Bloomfield

Lieutenant-General Benjamin Bloomfield, 1st Baron Bloomfield Order of the Bath Royal Guelphic Order , was Private Secretary to the Sovereign 1817–1822....
1817–1823: Sir William Knighton, Bt
1823–1841: George Harrison
George Harrison (civil servant)

Sir George Harrison, Fellow of the Royal Society, Royal Guelphic Order was an England barrister and civil servant. During a tenure of twenty-one years at the HM Treasury, he presided over the growth of a professional civil service and an increasing transfer of power from political appointees to administrators....
1843–1851: Edward White
1851–1891: Sir William Anderson
1891–1916: Lesley Probyn
1916–?: Laurence Halsey

1957–?: Edmund Parker

1971–1993: Jeffery Bowman

Solicitor-General

1714–1715: John Fortescue Aland
1715–1717: Laurence Carter
1717–1726: Charles Talbot
1726–1727?: John Finch
1729–1730: William Fortescue
1730–1736: Robert Pauncefort
1736–1741: Richard Hollings
1741–1746: Alexander Hume Campbell
1746–1748: Henry Bathurst
Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst

Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst Privy Council of Great Britain King's Counsel , known as the Lord Apsley from 1771 to 1775, was a United Kingdom lawyer and politician....
1748–1751: Paul Joddrell
1751–1754: Robert Henley
Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington

Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington Privy Council of Great Britain , Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, was the second son of Anthony Henley, a member of a well-to-do family in Hampshire, who was a British Whig Party member of parliament, and a well-known wit and writer....
1754–1756: Charles Yorke
Charles Yorke

Charles Yorke was Lord Chancellor of Great Britain....

1783–1792: Sir Arthur Leary Piggott
1793–1795: John Anstruther
1795–1800: Vicary Gibbs
Vicary Gibbs

Sir Vicary Gibbs, King's Counsel was an England judge and politician. He was known for his caustic wit, which won for him the sobriquet of "Vinegar Gibbs"....
1800–1802: Thomas Manners-Sutton
Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners

Thomas Manners-Sutton, 1st Baron Manners, Privy Council of the United Kingdom , was a United Kingdom lawyer and politician who served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1807 to 1827....
1802–1805: William Adam
William Adam (MP)

William Adam, King's Counsel was a Scotland Member of Parliament in the British Parliament and subsequently a Judge. He was the only surviving son of John Adam , architect and master mason to the Board of Ordnance in Scotland....
1805–1812: Joseph Jekyll
Joseph Jekyll

Sir Joseph Jekyll, King's Serjeant , English lawyer and Master of the Rolls, son of John Jekyll, was born in London, and after studying at the Middle Temple was called to the bar in 1687....
1812–1813: Samuel Shepherd
1813–1816: William Draper Best
1816–1820?: William Harrison

vacant
1841?–1852: Edward Smirke
Edward Smirke

Sir Edward Smirke, , lawyer and antiquary, third son of Robert Smirke , and brother of Sir Robert Smirke , and of Sydney Smirke, was born at Marylebone in 1795....

1908–1940: Robert Ernest Tucker
1940–1954: Sir Clive Burn
1954–1972: Brian Stopford
1972–1976: Joseph Frederick Burrell
1976–1994: Henry Boyd-Carpenter
Henry Boyd-Carpenter

Sir Henry Boyd-Carpenter, KCVO, was born 11 October 1939 son of Francis Henry Boyd-Carpenter and Nina Boyd-Carpenter . He was educated at Charterhouse and Balliol College, Oxford and was admitted a solicitor in 1966....
1994–present: James Furber

Duchy of Cornwall

Duchy of Cornwall dispute

Duchy as a private estate

Discrepancies in the Great Charter translations

Offices

Lord Warden of the Stannaries

Chancellor (Keeper of the Privy Seal)

Receiver-General

Attorney-General

Surveyor-General

Keeper of the Records

Auditor

Solicitor-General

External links