Dublin Penny Journal
Encyclopedia
The Dublin Penny Journal was a weekly newspaper
Newspaper
A newspaper is a scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million copies a...

, and later series of published volumes, originating from Dublin, Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

, between 1832 and 1836. Published each Saturday, by J. S. Folds, George Petrie and Caesar Otway, the Dublin Penny Journal concerned itself with matters of Irish history, legend
Legend
A legend is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude...

, topography
Topography
Topography is the study of Earth's surface shape and features or those ofplanets, moons, and asteroids...

 and Irish identity – illustrating itself with a number of maps and wood-cuts. While originally a paper of low-circulation – numbering only a few thousand in its first edition – the Dublin Penny Journals popularity led to increased productivity. By the cessation of publication in 1836, 206 works had been published in four volumes, and were sold wholesale in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

, Liverpool
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...

, Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

, Birmingham
Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 , and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a...

, Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...

, Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...

, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

, Philadelphia, Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...

 and Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

.

History

The first edition of the Dublin Penny Journal was published on June 30, 1832 – three years after the Irish Roman Catholic Emancipation and during the tenue of Daniel O'Connell
Daniel O'Connell
Daniel O'Connell Daniel O'Connell Daniel O'Connell (6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847; often referred to as The Liberator, or The Emancipator, was an Irish political leader in the first half of the 19th century...

. It featured on its front page an illustration of "The Custom House and Harbour of Dublin" and its first article, "Historical Notive of the City of Dublin". Other articles of the first publication included "the Age of Brass", "Agriculture", "A Visit to the Gardens of the Zoological Society of Dublin, "Account of a Pestilence that raged in Ireland in the Year 1348" written by John Clyn, a friar from Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Kilkenny is a city and is the county town of the eponymous County Kilkenny in Ireland. It is situated on both banks of the River Nore in the province of Leinster, in the south-east of Ireland...

, and a collection of "Legends and Stories of Ireland". The next 26 publications were printed through until December 29, forming 216 pages of journal which would be assembled into the first of four volumes by June 25, 1833. The inclusion of several pieces of Irish culture, heritage and legend attracted a number of nationalist
Irish nationalism
Irish nationalism manifests itself in political and social movements and in sentiment inspired by a love for Irish culture, language and history, and as a sense of pride in Ireland and in the Irish people...

 works; including Terence O'Toole's National Emblems which opened the second publication on July 7 with "Sir - Your wood-cut is, to my apprehension, as full of meaning to an Irishman, as any emblematic device I have seen. It represents peculiar marks or tokens or Ireland, which are dear to my soul." The preface to the first volume of all publications between 1832–1833 discussed that the volumes were "calculated to effect a public good... by exciting a national and concordant feeling in a country in which there is, as yet, so much of discord and party." By 1833, the journal had expanded to include more writers, such as C. P. Meehan, Philip Dixon Hardy, James Clarence Mangan
James Clarence Mangan
James Clarence Mangan, born James Mangan was an Irish poet.-Early life:Mangan was the son of a former hedge school teacher who took over a grocery business and eventually became bankrupt....

, and John O'Donovan
John O'Donovan (scholar)
John O'Donovan , from Atateemore, in the parish of Kilcolumb, County Kilkenny, and educated at Hunt's Academy, Waterford, was an Irish language scholar from Ireland.-Life:...

. Mangan in particular worked to translate German sources
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 for the journal, and wrote letters under a pseudonym
Pseudonym
A pseudonym is a name that a person assumes for a particular purpose and that differs from his or her original orthonym...

 discussing the difficulties of the Irish language
Irish language
Irish , also known as Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people. Irish is now spoken as a first language by a minority of Irish people, as well as being a second language of a larger proportion of...

.

The Dublin Penny Journal continued to publish volumes through until 1836. From the 53rd publication on July 6, 1833, a second volume was compiled – containing all publications from then to the 104th on June 28, 1834. This was published in June 1834 from the newly acquired Penny Journal Office in Dublin and featured a harp and crown on the cover, cast above various items of Irish symbolism, including weapons and shamrocks
Shamrocks
Shamrocks is a solitaire game akin to La Belle Lucie. The object is the same as the latter: move the cards into the foundations.-Rules:The game is layout out as in La Belle Lucie: seventeen piles of three cards are placed on the table with one card counting as an eighteenth. Any card that can be...

. Numbers 105 –156; July 5, 1834 – June 27, 1835 respectively, formed the third volume of the Dublin Penny Journal in June 1835, covered with another harp and other Irish symbolism and under the editor Philip Dixon Hardy. The preface took note of Lord Chancellor Brougham, then Lord High Chancellor of England's comments that an inexpensive journal could not be produced for wide-spread circulation; and made point to state "we have performed it." Numbers 157 to 208, between July 4, 1835 and June 25, 1836, formed the fourth and final volume.
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