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A dual resonance model is a term used in theoretical physics
Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world....
 which refers to the early investigation (1968-1974) on strong interactions of string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
.

It was based upon the observation that the amplitudes for the s-channel scatterings matched exactly with the amplitudes for the t-channel scatterings among meson
Meson

In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family ? particles made of quarks....
s and also the Regge trajectory. It began with the Euler B-function model of Gabriele Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano

Gabriele Veneziano is an Italy theoretical physics and a founder of string theory. He currently holds the chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the College of France....
 in 1968 for a 4-particle amplitude which has the property that it is explicitly s-t crossing symmetric, exhibits duality between the description in terms of Regge poles or of resonances, and provides a closed-form solution to non-linear finite-energy sum rules relating s- and t- channels. The Veneziano formula was quickly generalized to an equally consistent N-particle amplitude for which, in chronological order Yoichiro Nambu
Yoichiro Nambu

is a Japan-born United States physicist, currently a professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery of the mechanism of Spontaneous symmetry breaking in subatomic physics....
 (1968), Holger Bech Nielsen
Holger Bech Nielsen

Holger Bech Nielsen is a Denmark theoretical physics, professor at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, where he started studying physics in 1961....
 (1969), and Leonard Susskind
Leonard Susskind

Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University in the field of string theory and quantum field theory....
 (1969), provided a physical interpretation in terms of an infinite number of simple harmonic oscillators describing the motion of an extended one-dimensional string, whence string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
.

The study of dual resonance models was very popular from 1968 to 1974.






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A dual resonance model is a term used in theoretical physics
Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world....
 which refers to the early investigation (1968-1974) on strong interactions of string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
.

It was based upon the observation that the amplitudes for the s-channel scatterings matched exactly with the amplitudes for the t-channel scatterings among meson
Meson

In particle physics, mesons are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family ? particles made of quarks....
s and also the Regge trajectory. It began with the Euler B-function model of Gabriele Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano

Gabriele Veneziano is an Italy theoretical physics and a founder of string theory. He currently holds the chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the College of France....
 in 1968 for a 4-particle amplitude which has the property that it is explicitly s-t crossing symmetric, exhibits duality between the description in terms of Regge poles or of resonances, and provides a closed-form solution to non-linear finite-energy sum rules relating s- and t- channels. The Veneziano formula was quickly generalized to an equally consistent N-particle amplitude for which, in chronological order Yoichiro Nambu
Yoichiro Nambu

is a Japan-born United States physicist, currently a professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery of the mechanism of Spontaneous symmetry breaking in subatomic physics....
 (1968), Holger Bech Nielsen
Holger Bech Nielsen

Holger Bech Nielsen is a Denmark theoretical physics, professor at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, where he started studying physics in 1961....
 (1969), and Leonard Susskind
Leonard Susskind

Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University in the field of string theory and quantum field theory....
 (1969), provided a physical interpretation in terms of an infinite number of simple harmonic oscillators describing the motion of an extended one-dimensional string, whence string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
.

The study of dual resonance models was very popular from 1968 to 1974. It fell rapidly out of favor around 1974 mainly because it was superseded by quantum chromodynamics
Quantum chromodynamics

Quantum chromodynamics is a theory of the strong interaction , a fundamental force describing the interactions of the quarks and gluons making up hadrons ....
 as the accepted theory of strong interactions.

See also

  • QCD string
    QCD string

    In quantum chromodynamics, or more generally, quantum gauge theory with a connection form which are colour confinement, stringlike degrees of freedom called QCD strings or QCD flux tubes form....
  • Lund string model
    Lund string model

    In particle physics, the Lund string model is a phenomenology model of hadronization. It treats all but the highest-energy gluons as field lines, which are attracted to each other due to the gluon self-interaction and so form a narrow tube of color charge....