Drobeta-Turnu Severin

Drobeta Turnu Severin

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Drobeta-Turnu Severin

Drobeta-Turnu Severin (pronunciation: , Hungarian

Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Uralic languages unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries....
: Szörényvár, Serbian

Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
: ???????-????? ???????) is a city in Mehedinti County

Mehedinti County

Mehedinti is a county of Romania, in the historical provinces of Oltenia and Banat . The county seat is Drobeta-Turnu Severin....
, Oltenia

Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
, Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
, on the left bank of the Danube

Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
, below the Iron Gates.

Administratively, three villages are part of the city: Dudasu Schelei, Gura Vaii and Schela Cladovei.

city, which was originally called Drobetae by the Romans

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
, took its later name of Turnu Severin, or the Northern Tower, from a tower on the north bank of the Danube built by the Byzantines

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
, which stood on a small hill surrounded by a deep moat

Moat

A moat is deep, broad trench, usually filled with water, that surrounds a structure, installation, or town, normally to provide it with a preliminary line of Defense ....
.

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Encyclopedia

Drobeta-Turnu Severin (pronunciation: , Hungarian

Hungarian language

Serbian language

Mehedinti County

Mehedinti is a county of Romania, in the historical provinces of Oltenia and Banat . The county seat is Drobeta-Turnu Severin....
, Oltenia

Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
, Romania

Romania

Danube

Population

1900: 18,628
2002: 104,557

History

The city, which was originally called Drobetae by the Romans

Ancient Rome

Byzantine Empire

Moat

A moat is deep, broad trench, usually filled with water, that surrounds a structure, installation, or town, normally to provide it with a preliminary line of Defense ....
. This was built to commemorate a victory over the Gauls

Gauls

The Gauls were a Continental Celtic Celts people of Classical Antiquity, the inhabitants of Gaul , and speakers of the Gaulish language.Archaeologically, they were the bearers of the La T?ne culture ....
and Marcomanni

Marcomanni

The Marcomanni were a Germanic tribe, probably related to the Buri , Suebi or Suevi....
by the Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
emperor

Roman Emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....
Septimius Severus

Septimius Severus

Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Empire general, and Roman Emperor from April 14 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the Libyan part of Rome's historic Africa Province, making him the first emperor to be born in the Roman province of Africa Province....
(222-235). Near Turnu Severin are the remains of the celebrated Trajan's bridge

Trajan's bridge

Trajan's Bridge or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman Empire bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube. For more than a thousand years, it was the longest arch bridge in the world to have been built, in terms of both total and span length....
, the largest in the Empire, built in 103 by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus

Apollodorus of Damascus

Apollodorus of Damascus was a History of Greece or History of Syria engineer, architect, designer and sculptor who flourished during the 2nd century AD....
. The Danube is about 1,200 metres (4,000 feet) broad at this spot. The bridge was composed of twenty arch

Arch

An arch is a structure that Span a space while supporting weight . Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture, but their systematic use started with the Ancient Rome who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures....
es supported by stone pillars; only two are still visible at low water.

After the retreat of the Roman administration from Dacia

Roman Dacia

The Roman province of Dacia on the Balkans included the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia, and temporarily Muntenia and southern Moldova, but not the nearby regions of Moesia....
, the city was preserved under Roman occupation as a bridgehead on the north bank of the Danube (4th-6th centuries). Destroyed by Huns

Huns

The Huns were a confederation of Central Asian Eurasian nomads or semi-nomads, who had established an empire in Eurasia. The Huns may have stimulated the Migration Period, a contributing factor in the collapse of the Roman Empire....
in the 5th century, it was rebuilt by Justinian I

Justinian I

Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death....
(527-565). It was in the Middle Ages

Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
that the city changed its name to Turnu Severin and became the political center of the Banat

Ban (title)

Ban is a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century....
of Severin (13th century). The city was claimed and possessed first by the Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary , which existed from 1000 to 1918, and then from 1920 to 1946, was a considerable state in Central Europe....
, which established a Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
bishopric in Severin, and circa 1330 by the Wallachia

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
n voivodes. It was seized by the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
in 1524. Once under Ottoman occupation, the territory's administration moved to the west of Oltenia, and was centered in Cerneti.

After the Danube was freed from Ottoman control (as a consequence of the Treaty of Adrianople

Treaty of Adrianople

The Peace Treaty of Adrianople concluded the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It was signed on September 14, 1829 in Adrianople by Russia's Count Aleksey Orlov and by Turkey's Abdul Kadyr-bey....
in 1829), it was decided to build the present city (in 1836, following a rigorous program), and then the harbor (1858). The building of some industrial factories spurred the redevelopment of the city. The city experienced growth on multiple levels (economic, urban and social), and in 1972 it received the name of Drobeta-Turnu Severin. The first written document mentioning the city 1,870 years earlier was commemorated in 1992.

Natives

Gheorghe Anghel
Ion Biberi
Victor Daimaca
Ion Gigurtu
Ion Gigurtu

Ion Gigurtu was a Romanian politician who served a brief term as Prime Minister of Romania in 1940 , under the personal regime of King of Romania Carol II of Romania....
Alexander Löhr
Alexander Löhr

Alexander L?hr was an Austrian Air Force commander during the 1930s and, after the "Political Union of Germany and Austria" , he was a German Air Force commander....
Alexandru Ioan Mortun
Alexandru Ioan Mortun

Alexandru Ioan Mortun is a Romanian physician, politician, and Member of the European Parliament. He is a member of the National Liberal Party , part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and became an MEP on January 1, 2007, with the accession of Romania to the European Union....
Mirel Radoi
Mirel Radoi

Mirel Matei Radoi , , is a Romanian football Defender , who can also play as center back and rightback, who currently plays for Al-Hilal in Saudi Arabia....
Petre Sergescu
Gheorghe Titeica
Gheorghe Titeica

Gheorghe Titeica publishing as George or Georges Tzitzeica) was a Romanian mathematician with important contributions in geometry. He is recognized as the founder of the Romanian school of differential geometry....
Doru Viorel Ursu
Doru Viorel Ursu

Doru Viorel Ursu is a Romanian politician and lawyer. A member of the National Salvation Front , he was List of Romanian Ministers of the Interior in the Petre Roman cabinets, carrying his mandate between the Mineriads of 1990 and 1991....
Anton Linder (1880–1958), austrian socialdemocrat politics

Sources and references

(incomplete)

Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte (in German)