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Drinking horn



 
 
A drinking horn was a drinking vessel formerly common in some parts of the world, and notably in Northern Europe
Northern Europe

Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as including the following countries and dependent regions:...
.

l of the Northern Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an nations formerly drank out of horns, which were commonly those of the urus
Aurochs

The aurochs or urus was a very large type of cattle that was prevalent in Europe until its extinction in 1627. The animal's original scientific name, Bos primigenius, was meant as a Latin translation of the German language term Auerochse or Urochs, which was interpreted as literally meaning "primeval ox" or "proto-ox"....
 or European buffalo
European buffalo

European buffalo may refer to:*Aurochs, a primitive ox*Wisent or European bison...
.






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A drinking horn was a drinking vessel formerly common in some parts of the world, and notably in Northern Europe
Northern Europe

Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as including the following countries and dependent regions:...
.

Use

Sif From Swedish Edda Translation
:"All of the Northern Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an nations formerly drank out of horns, which were commonly those of the urus
Aurochs

The aurochs or urus was a very large type of cattle that was prevalent in Europe until its extinction in 1627. The animal's original scientific name, Bos primigenius, was meant as a Latin translation of the German language term Auerochse or Urochs, which was interpreted as literally meaning "primeval ox" or "proto-ox"....
 or European buffalo
European buffalo

European buffalo may refer to:*Aurochs, a primitive ox*Wisent or European bison...
. These horns were carefully dressed up and their edges lipped all round with silver
Silver

Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal....
. One of these immense horns, at least, an ox-horn of prodigious size is still preserved in Dunvegan Castle
Dunvegan Castle

Dunvegan Castle is a castle at Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye, situated off the west coast of Scotland. It is the seat of the Macleod of MacLeod, chief of the Clan MacLeod....
 on the Isle of Skye in Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
. It was only produced before guests, and the drinker in using it, twisted his arms round its spines, and turning his mouth towards the right shoulder, was expected to drain it off." (Dwelly’s [Scottish] Gaelic Dictionary: Còrn)

Drinking horns were common amongst the Germanic peoples
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
. In the Prose Edda
Prose Edda

The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda or simply Edda, is an Old Norse language Icelandic collection of four sections interspersed with excerpts from earlier skaldic and Eddic poetry containing tales from Norse mythology....
, Thor
Thor

Thor is the red-haired and bearded god of thunder in Germanic mythology and Germanic paganism, and its subsets: Norse paganism, Anglo-Saxon paganism and Continental Germanic mythology....
 drank from a horn that unbeknownst to him contained all the seas, and in the process he scared Útgarða-Loki
Útgarða-Loki

In Norse mythology, ?tgar?a-Loki was the ruler of the castle ?tgar?r in J?tunheimr. He was one of the J?tunn and his name means literally "Loki of the Outyards," to distinguish him from Loki, the companion of Thor....
 and his kin by managing to drink a conspicuous part of its content. They also feature in Beowulf
Beowulf

Beowulf is an Old English language heroic Epic poetry of unknown authorship, dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between the 8th to the early 11th century, and relates events described as having occurred in what is now Denmark and Sweden....
, and fittings for drinking horns were also found at the Sutton Hoo
Sutton Hoo

Sutton Hoo near Woodbridge, Suffolk, Suffolk, England, is the site of two Anglo-Saxons cemeteries of the 6th century and early 7th century, one of which contained an undisturbed ship burial including a wealth of artifacts of outstanding art-historical and archaeological significance....
 burial site. Carved horns are mentioned in Guðrúnarkviða II
Guðrúnarkviða II

Gu?r?narkvi?a II, The Second Lay of Gudrun, or Gu?r?narkvi?a hin forna, The Old Lay of Gudr?n is probably the oldest poem of the Sigurd cycle, according to Henry Adams Bellows....
, a poem composed about 1000 AD and preserved in the Poetic Edda
Poetic Edda

The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript Codex Regius. Along with Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, the Poetic Edda is the most important extant source on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends....
:

Váru í horni
hvers kyns stafir
ristnir ok roðnir,
- ráða ek né máttak, -
lyngfiskr langr,
lands Haddingja
ax óskorit,
innleið dyra.
On the horn’s face were there
All the kin of letters
Cut aright and reddened,
How should I rede them rightly?
The ling-fish long
Of the land of Hadding
Haddingjar

The Haddingjar refers on the one hand to legends about two brothers by this name, and on the other hand to possibly related legends based on the Hasdingi, the royal dynasty of the Vandals....
,
Wheat-ears unshorn,
And wild things inwards.
 


The Arthurian tale of Caradoc
Caradoc

Caradoc Vreichvras was a semi-legendary ancestor to the Kingdom of Gwent living during the 5th or 6th century. He is remembered in Arthurian legend as a Knight of the Round Table as Carados Briefbras ....
 also features the drinking horn. Large drinking horns were also common among the Thracians
Thracians

The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European peoples who spoke the Thracian language - a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family....
, often covered with worked silver or gold plating.

In parts of the ancient world, the drinking horn gave way to a horn-shaped drinking vessel called a "Rhyton
Rhyton

Rhyton is a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk, or else poured in some ceremony such as libation. Rhytons were very common in ancient Persia where they were called Takuk ....
" fabricated from metal or clay. When drinking from a rhyton, the vessel is held upright and the liquid flows out of a hole in the end of the "horn", suggesting that natural drinking horns could have been used in the same manner. This would have enabled the same horn to be used for both drinking and for sounding.

They were in use, well into the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, dying out mainly in the 1600s. Modern-day Asatru
Ásatrú

File:Valknut-Symbol-triquetra.svg in the United States is a form of Germanic Neopaganism, in particular inspired by the Norse paganism as described in the Eddas and as practiced prior to the Christianization of Scandinavia....
 adherents use drinking horns for Blót
Blot

A blot can refer to several different things.*In biology, a Blot is a method of transferring proteins, DNA, RNA or a protein onto a carrier....
s and sumbels.

See also

  • Cornucopia
    Cornucopia

    The cornucopia is a symbol of food and abundance dating back to the 5th century BC, also referred to as horn of plenty, Horn of Amalthea, and harvest cone....
  • Rhyton
    Rhyton

    Rhyton is a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk, or else poured in some ceremony such as libation. Rhytons were very common in ancient Persia where they were called Takuk ....
  • Shofar
    Shofar

    A shofar is a horn used for Jewish religious purposes. Shofar-blowing is incorporated in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur....


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