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Dreux

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Dreux



 
 
Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, in the Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir

Eure-et-Loir is a France departments of France, named after the Eure River and Loir River rivers....
 département.

History In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, Dreux was the centre of the Comté de Dreux.






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Encyclopedia


Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, in the Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir

Eure-et-Loir is a France departments of France, named after the Eure River and Loir River rivers....
 département.

Politics


Dreux came to national attention in 1983 when the National Front
Front National (France)

The National Front is a History of far right movements in France, nationalist political party, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The FN has 75,000 members....
 (Front National) party made its first electoral breakthrough, winning control of the city council and deputy mayorship. This came at a time of rising unemployment
Unemployment

File:World map of countries by rate of unemployment.pngUnemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work, but the person is without Wage labour....
 and popular resentment directed at the visible and impoverished community of immigrants
Immigration

While the movement of people has thought throughout history at various levels, modern immigration tourism are considered non-immigrants . Immigration that violates the immigration laws of the destination country is termed illegal immigration or undocumented immigration....
, many of whom were Muslims. Françoise Gaspard, the former Socialist mayor who had lost the election to the National Front, later wrote a book, Une petite ville en France (A Small City in France), about her experience and the times.

History

In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
, Dreux was the centre of the Comté de Dreux. The first large battle
Battle of Dreux

The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December, 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Cond? led the Huguenots....
 of the French Wars of Religion
French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion is the name given to a period of civil war and military operations, primarily between France Roman Catholic Church and Protestantism , which also involved the factional struggles between the aristocratic houses of France such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise ....
 occurred at Dreux, on December 19, 1562, resulting in a hard-fought victory for the Catholic forces of the duc de Montmorency
Anne de Montmorency

Anne de Montmorency, duc de Montmorency, List of honorary British Knights , was a France soldier, statesman and diplomat. He became Marshal of France and Constable of France....
.

Chapelle royale de Dreux

The House of Bourbon-Penthièvre
Bourbon-Penthièvre

The House of Bourbon-Penthi?vre was an illegitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, thus descending from the Capetian dynasty. It was founded by the Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthi?vre , the only child and heir of the Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, the youngest illegitimate son of Louis XIV of France and the Fran?o...
 was one of the greatest land owning families in France before the French Revolution
French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
. In 1775, the lands of the comté de Dreux had been given to the duc de Penthièvre
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre

Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthi?vre was the son of Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, Count of Toulouse. As such, he was the grandson of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan....
 by his cousin Louis XVI. In 1783, the duke sold his domain of Rambouillet
Château de Rambouillet

The ch?teau de Rambouillet is a palace in the town of Rambouillet, Yvelines d?partement in France, France, 50 km southwest of Paris. It is the summer residence of the Presidents of France....
 to Louis XVI. On November 25 of that year, in a long religious procession, Penthièvre transferred the nine caskets containing the remains of his parents, the comte and comtesse de Toulouse
Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse , duc de Penthi?vre , d'Arc, de Ch?teauvillain and de Rambouillet , , was the son of Louis XIV and his mistress Fran?oise-Ath?na?s, marquise de Montespan....
, his wife, Marie Thérèse Félicité d'Este, princesse de Modène, and six of their seven children, from the small medieval village church next to the castle in Rambouillet, to the chapel of the Collégiale Saint-Étienne de Dreux. The duc de Penthièvre died in March 1793 and his body was laid to rest in the crypt beside his parents. On November 21 of that same year, in the midst of the French Revolution
French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval and radical change in the history of France, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudalism for the aristocracy and Roman Catholic Church clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on Age of Enlightenment principles of cit...
, a mob desecrated the crypt and threw the ten bodies in a mass grave in the Chanoines cemetery of the Collégiale Saint-Étienne. In 1816, the duc de Penthièvre's daughter, the duchesse d'Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre

Louise Marie Ad?la?de de Bourbon, Duchess of Orl?ans, , wife of the so-called "royal regicide" Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, was the mother of France's last king, Louis-Philippe of France....
, had a new chapel built on the site of the mass grave of the Chanoines cemetery, as the final resting place for her family. In 1830, Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, son of the duchesse d'Orléans, embellished the chapel which was renamed Chapelle royale de Dreux, now the necropolis of the Orléans royal family.

Among the seventy-five members buried in the new chapel are:

  • the comte de Toulouse
    Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse

    Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse , duc de Penthi?vre , d'Arc, de Ch?teauvillain and de Rambouillet , , was the son of Louis XIV and his mistress Fran?oise-Ath?na?s, marquise de Montespan....
    ,
  • the comtesse de Toulouse
    Marie Victoire de Noailles

    Marie Victoire Sophie de Noailles was the daughter of Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles the 2nd Duke of Noailles and his wife Marie-Fran?oise de Bournonville....
    , his wife,
  • the duc de Penthièvre
    Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthièvre

    Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthi?vre was the son of Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, Count of Toulouse. As such, he was the grandson of Louis XIV of France and his mistress, Madame de Montespan....
    , their son,
  • the duchesse de Penthièvre
    Maria Teresa d'Este

    Maria Teresa Felicitas d'Este was born a Princess of Modena and was by marriage the Duchess of Penthi?vre. She was the mother-in-law of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans and thus the grandmother to the future Louis-Philippe of France....
    , his wife,
  • the prince de Lamballe
    Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, prince de Lamballe

    Louis-Alexandre-Joseph de Bourbon, Prince of Lamballe was the son and heir of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, duc de Penthi?vre, grandson of Louis XIV of France by the king's illegitimate son, Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, Count of Toulouse....
    , their son,
  • Mlle de Penthièvre
    Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre

    Louise Marie Ad?la?de de Bourbon, Duchess of Orl?ans, , wife of the so-called "royal regicide" Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, was the mother of France's last king, Louis-Philippe of France....
    , future duchesse d'Orléans, their daughter,
  • the princesse de Condé
    Bathilde d'Orléans

    Louise Marie Th?r?se Bathilde d'Orl?ans, Princess of Cond? , was a French princess. She was sister of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, the mother of the Execution Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Cond? and aunt of Louis-Philippe of France....
    , the duchesse d'Orléans's sister-in-law,
  • Louis-Philippe, King of the French
    Louis-Philippe of France

    Louis-Philippe , was List of French monarchs from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. He was the last king to rule France, although Napoleon III of France, styled as an emperor, would serve as its last monarch....
    , son of the duchesse d'Orléans.


Miscellaneous

Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo

Victor-Marie Hugo was a France poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romanticism movement in France....
 proposed to his wife here in 1821.

Dreux is the home of one of the strongest cricket teams in France.

La feuille de Dreux is an excellent cheese of the Dreux region.

Births

Dreux was the birthplace of:
  • Jean Rotrou
    Jean Rotrou

    Jean Rotrou was a France poet and tragedy.Rotrou was born at Dreux in Normandy. He studied at Dreux and at Paris, and, though three years younger than Pierre Corneille, began writing before him....
     (1609-1650), poet
    Poet

    A poet is a person who writes poetry....
     and tragedian
    Tragedy

    Tragedy is a form of The arts based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. While most cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, tragedy refers to a specific Poetic tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western culture....
  • Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps (1774-1849), botanist
  • Louis Charles Delescluze
    Louis Charles Delescluze

    Louis Charles Delescluze was a France journalist.He was born at Dreux. Having studied law in Paris, he early developed a strong democratic bent, and played a part in the July Revolution....
     (1809-1871), journalist
    Journalist

    A journalist is a person who practices journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues, and people while striving for viewpoints that aren't biased....


Twin towns

Dreux is twinned with: Todi
Todi

Todi is a town and comune of the province of Perugia in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction....
, Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
, since 1960 Melsungen
Melsungen

Melsungen is a small climatic spa in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
, since 1966 Koudougou
Koudougou

Koudougou is a town in the province of Boulkiemd?, west of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. It is mainly inhabited by Mossi, and has 131.825 inhabitants, as of 2006....
, Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso , also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a landlocked nation in West Africa. It is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the south east, Togo and Ghana to the south, and C?te d'Ivoire to the south west....
, since 1972 Evesham
Evesham

Evesham is a middle-sized, rural market town in Worcestershire, UK in the Local Authority District of Wychavon.Roughly equidistant between Worcester, England, Cheltenham, and Stratford-upon-Avon, it was originally built within a loop of the River Avon, Warwickshire, which flows through the Vale of Evesham....
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
, since 1977 Bautzen
Bautzen

Bautzen ; Polish language: Budziszyn ); is a city in eastern Free State of Saxony, Germany, and capital of the Bautzen . It is located on the Spree River....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
, since 1992

External links

  • (in French)
  • (in French)