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Downwelling
 
 
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Downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air. It is the sinking limb of a convection cell
Convection cell

A convection cell is a phenomenon of fluid dynamics that occurs in situations where there are temperature differences within a body of liquid or gas....
. Upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....
 is the opposite process and together these two forces are responsible in the oceans for the thermohaline circulation
Thermohaline circulation

The term thermohaline circulation refers to the part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global Density gradient created by surface heat and freshwater Flux....
. The sinking of cold lithosphere
Lithosphere

File:Plates tect2 en.svgFile:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svgThe lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet....
 at subduction zones is another example of downwelling in plate tectonics
Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century by Alfred Wegener, and seafloor spreading, understood during the 1960s....
.

Downwelling occurs at anti-cyclonic places within the ocean where warm rings are spinning clockwise creating surface convergence.

See:

Convection
Convection

Convection in the most general terms refers to the movement of molecules within fluids . Convection is one of the major modes of heat transfer and mass transfer....


Upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....









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Downwelling is the process of accumulation and sinking of higher density material beneath lower density material, such as cold or saline water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 beneath warmer or fresher water or cold air beneath warm air. It is the sinking limb of a convection cell
Convection cell

A convection cell is a phenomenon of fluid dynamics that occurs in situations where there are temperature differences within a body of liquid or gas....
. Upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....
 is the opposite process and together these two forces are responsible in the oceans for the thermohaline circulation
Thermohaline circulation

The term thermohaline circulation refers to the part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global Density gradient created by surface heat and freshwater Flux....
. The sinking of cold lithosphere
Lithosphere

File:Plates tect2 en.svgFile:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svgThe lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet....
 at subduction zones is another example of downwelling in plate tectonics
Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century by Alfred Wegener, and seafloor spreading, understood during the 1960s....
.

Downwelling occurs at anti-cyclonic places within the ocean where warm rings are spinning clockwise creating surface convergence.

See:

Convection
Convection

Convection in the most general terms refers to the movement of molecules within fluids . Convection is one of the major modes of heat transfer and mass transfer....


Upwelling
Upwelling

An Upwelling is an physical oceanography phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water....


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