Dot pitch
Encyclopedia
Dot pitch is a specification for a computer display
Computer display
A monitor or display is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure...

, computer printer
Computer printer
In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a text or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most new printers, a...

, image scanner
Image scanner
In computing, an image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop scanner where the document is placed on a glass...

, or other pixel
Pixel
In digital imaging, a pixel, or pel, is a single point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable screen element in a display device; it is the smallest unit of picture that can be represented or controlled....

-based device that describes the distance, for example, between dots (sub-pixels) of the same color on the inside of a display screen. In the case of a color display dot pitch is a measure of the size of a triad
Triad (computers)
In CRT or computer terminology, a triad is a group of three phosphor dots coloured red, green, and blue on the inside of the CRT display of a computer monitor or television set. By directing differing intensities of electron beams onto the three phosphor dots, the triad will display a colour by...

 plus the distance between the triads.

Dot pitch may be measured in linear units, usually millimeters, or as a rate, for example dots per inch
Dots per inch
Dots per inch is a measure of spatial printing or video dot density, in particular the number of individual dots that can be placed in a line within the span of 1 inch . The DPI value tends to correlate with image resolution, but is related only indirectly.- DPI measurement in monitor...

, with a larger number meaning higher resolution. Closer spacing generally produces a sharper image (as there are more pixels in a given area). However, other factors may affect image quality, including:
  • measurement method not documented, complicated by general ignorance of the existence of multiple methods
  • pixel spacing varying across screen area (e.g., increasing in corners compared to center)
  • differing pixel geometries
    Pixel geometry
    The components of the pixels in an image sensor or display can be ordered in different patterns, called pixel geometry....

  • differing screen resolutions when attempting to judge picture quality
  • tightness of electron beam focus and aim (in CRT
    Cathode ray tube
    The cathode ray tube is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It has a means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam onto the fluorescent screen to create the images. The image may represent electrical waveforms , pictures , radar targets and...

    s)
  • differing aspect ratios


Traditionally, dot pitch in displays has been measured on the diagonal, as this gives the most accurate representation of image quality. Starting about the mid-1990s, however, some companies introduced a horizontal dot pitch as a marketing ploy . By measuring only the horizontal component of the dot pitch and ignoring the vertical component, even a cheap, low-quality monitor could be awarded a small-seeming dot pitch.

The exact difference between horizontal and diagonal dot pitch varies with the design of the monitor (see pixel geometry
Pixel geometry
The components of the pixels in an image sensor or display can be ordered in different patterns, called pixel geometry....

 and widescreen), but a typical entry-level 0.28 mm (diagonal) monitor has a horizontal pitch of 0.24 or 0.25 mm, a good quality 0.26 mm (diagonal) unit has a horizontal pitch of 0.22 mm.

The above dot pitch measurement does not apply to aperture grille
Aperture grille
An aperture grille is one of two major technologies used to manufacture color cathode ray tube televisions and computer displays; the other is shadow mask....

 displays. Such monitors use continuous vertical phosphors band on the screen, so the vertical distance between scan lines is limited only by video input signal's vertical resolution and the thickness of electron beam, so there is no vertical 'dot pitch' on such devices. Aperture grille only has horizontal 'dot pitch', or otherwise known as 'stripe pitch'.

Common dot pitches in monitors

LCD
Liquid crystal display
A liquid crystal display is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals . LCs do not emit light directly....

 screens
Display resolution
Display resolution
The display resolution of a digital television or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by all different factors in cathode ray tube , flat panel or projection...


(px×px)
Name Pixel count
(Mpx)
Aspect ratio
Aspect ratio
The aspect ratio of a shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension. It may be applied to two characteristic dimensions of a three-dimensional shape, such as the ratio of the longest and shortest axis, or for symmetrical objects that are described by just two measurements,...

Screen size
(in
Inch
An inch is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, and United States customary units. There are 36 inches in a yard and 12 inches in a foot...

)
Pixel pitch
(µm)
Resolution
(px/in)
960×640 DVGA 0.61 3.5 77 326.0
1024×600 WSVGA  0.61 10.1 216 117.5
1024×768 XGA  0.78 9.7 192 132.0
1024×768 XGA 0.78 15.0 297 85.5
1024×768 XGA 0.78 17.0 337 75.3
1280×720 720p
720p
720p is the shorthand name for 1280x720, a category of High-definition television video modes having a resolution of 1080 or 720p and a progressive scan...

 
0.92 13.3 230 110.4
1280×768 WXGA  0.98 15.4 262 96.9
1280×800 WXGA 1.01 12.1 204 124.7
1280×800 WXGA 1.01 13.3 224 113.5
1280×800 WXGA 1.01 14.1 237 107.1
1280×800 WXGA 1.01 15.4 259 98.0
1280×800 WXGA 1.01 17.0 286 88.8
1280×1024 SXGA  1.31 17.0 264 96.2
1280×1024 SXGA 1.31 18.1 280 90.7
1280×1024 SXGA 1.31 19.0 294 86.3
1366×768 WXGA 1.05 11.6 188 135.1
1366×768 WXGA 1.05 14.0 227 111.9
1366×768 WXGA 1.05 15.6 253 100.5
1366×768 WXGA 1.05 18.5 300 84.7
1360×768 WXGA 1.05 19.0 308 82.5
1440×900 WXGA+  1.29 13.3 198 127.7
1440×900 WXGA+ 1.29 14.1 211 120.4
1440×900 WXGA+ 1.29 15.4 230 110.4
1440×900 WXGA+ 1.29 17.0 254 100.0
1440×900 WXGA+ 1.29 19.0 285 89.1
1400×1050 SXGA+  1.51 15.0 214 118.6
1400×1050 SXGA+ 1.51 20.1 292 87.0
1600×900 1.44 13.1 181 140.1
1600×900 1.44 14.0 194 131.1
1600×900 1.44 15.4 213 119.2
1600×900 1.44 17.3 239 106.1
1600×900 1.44 20.0 277 91.8
1600×1000 1.60 22.0 296 85.8
1680×1050 WSXGA+  1.76 15.4 197 128.9
1680×1050 WSXGA+ 1.76 17.0 218 116.5
1680×1050 WSXGA+ 1.76 19.0 244 104.0
1680×1050 WSXGA+ 1.76 20.1 258 98.4
1680×1050 WSXGA+ 1.76 21.0 269 94.4
1680×1050 WSXGA+ 1.76 22.0 282 90.0
1600×1200 UXGA  1.92 15.0 191 132.9
1600×1200 UXGA 1.92 20.1 255 99.6
1600×1200 UXGA 1.92 21.3 270 94.0
1920×1080 1080p
1080p
1080p is the shorthand identification for a set of HDTV high-definition video modes that are characterized by 1080 horizontal lines of resolution and progressive scan, meaning the image is not interlaced as is the case with the 1080i display standard....

 
2.1 13.1 151 168.2
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 15.6 180 141.2
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 16.4 189 134.3
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 21.5 248 102.5
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 23.0 265 95.8
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 23.6 272 93.3
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 24.0 277 91.8
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 24.6 284 89.6
1920×1080 1080p 2.1 27.0 311 81.6
1920×1200 WUXGA  2.30 15.4 173 146.8
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 17.0 191 132.9
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 22.0 247 102.9
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 23.0 258 98.4
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 24.0 270 94.0
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 25.5 287 88.5
1920×1200 WUXGA 2.30 27.0 303 83.8
2048×1152 2.36 16:9 23.0 249 102.2
2560×1440 WQHD  3.68 27.0 233 108.8
2560×1600 WQXGA  4.09 30.0 250 101.6
3840×2400 WQUXGA  9.21 22.2 125 203.2

Less common dot pitches

The dot pitch of FLC displays
Ferro Liquid Display
Most of the content is verified to be copyright-violation-free. Please edit the article to remove any copyright violation instead of deleting the article....

(Ferro Liquid Crystal) can be as low as 0.012 mm.

External links

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