Dioxygenyl
Encyclopedia
The dioxygenyl ion
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
in which both oxygen atom
s have a formal oxidation state
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
by the removal of an electron
:
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
of 2.5, and a bond length
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
. The bond energy
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
, O2[PtF6]+:
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
(As), gold
(Au), niobium
(Nb), ruthenium
(Ru), rhenium
(Re), rhodium
(Rh), vanadium
(V),
The dioxygenyl ion
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
in which both oxygen atom
s have a formal oxidation state
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
by the removal of an electron
:
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
of 2.5, and a bond length
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
. The bond energy
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
, O2[PtF6]+:
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
(As), gold
(Au), niobium
(Nb), ruthenium
(Ru), rhenium
(Re), rhodium
(Rh), vanadium
(V),
The dioxygenyl ion
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
in which both oxygen atom
s have a formal oxidation state
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
by the removal of an electron
:
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
of 2.5, and a bond length
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
. The bond energy
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
, O2[PtF6]+:
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
(As), gold
(Au), niobium
(Nb), ruthenium
(Ru), rhenium
(Re), rhodium
(Rh), vanadium
(V), or phosphorus
(P). Other forms are also attested, including O2GeF5 and (O2)2SnF6.
The tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate salts may be prepared by the reaction of dioxygen difluoride
with boron trifluoride
or phosphorus pentafluoride
at −126 °C:
These compounds rapidly decompose at room temperature:
at 173 K produces a white solid believed to be F–Xe–BF2, containing an unusual xenon-boron bond:
The dioxygenyl salts O2BF4 and O2AsF6 react with carbon monoxide
to give oxalyl fluoride
, F–(C=O)–(C=O)–F, in high yield.
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass between electrodes in a...
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
Oxycation
An oxycation is a polyatomic ion with a positive charge that contains oxygen.-Examples:* Nitrosonium ion, NO+* Nitronium ion, NO2+* Vanadyl ion, VO2+, a very stable oxycationSee category for a bigger list....
in which both oxygen atom
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
s have a formal oxidation state
Oxidation state
In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxidation states are typically represented by...
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
by the removal of an electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
:
- O2 → O2+ + e−
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
Ionization energy
The ionization energy of a chemical species, i.e. an atom or molecule, is the energy required to remove an electron from the species to a practically infinite distance. Large atoms or molecules have a low ionization energy, while small molecules tend to have higher ionization energies.The property...
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
Structure and molecular properties
O2+ has a bond orderBond order
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. For example, in diatomic nitrogen N≡N the bond order is 3, while in acetylene H−C≡C−H the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 3, and the C−H bond order is 1. Bond order gives an indication to the stability of a bond....
of 2.5, and a bond length
Bond length
- Explanation :Bond length is related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also inversely related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy, as a stronger bond will be shorter...
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, is a diatomic molecule with chemical formula NO. It is a free radical and is an important intermediate in the chemical industry...
. The bond energy
Bond energy
In chemistry, bond energy is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one Mole of molecules into their individual atoms. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into...
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
Wavenumber
In the physical sciences, the wavenumber is a property of a wave, its spatial frequency, that is proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector...
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
Synthesis
The reaction of oxygen, O2, with platinum hexafluoridePlatinum hexafluoride
Platinum hexafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula PtF6. It is a dark-red volatile solid that forms a red gas. The compound is a unique example of platinum in the +6 oxidation state...
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate is a compound with formula O2PtF6. It is a hexafluoroplatinate of the unusual dioxygenyl cation, O2+. It can be produced by the reaction of dioxygen with platinum hexafluoride:...
, O2[PtF6]+:
- O2 + PtF6 → O2+[PtF6]–
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
Noble gas compound
Noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from Group 18 of the periodic table, the noble gases.-History and background:...
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
Noble gas
The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases, with very low chemical reactivity...
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate is the name of the product of the reaction of platinum hexafluoride and xenon, in an experiment that proved the chemical reactivity of the noble gases...
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid...
(As), gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
(Au), niobium
Niobium
Niobium or columbium , is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It's a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite...
(Nb), ruthenium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element...
(Ru), rhenium
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...
(Re), rhodium
Rhodium
Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed...
(Rh), vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
(V),
The dioxygenyl ion
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass between electrodes in a...
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
Oxycation
An oxycation is a polyatomic ion with a positive charge that contains oxygen.-Examples:* Nitrosonium ion, NO+* Nitronium ion, NO2+* Vanadyl ion, VO2+, a very stable oxycationSee category for a bigger list....
in which both oxygen atom
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
s have a formal oxidation state
Oxidation state
In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxidation states are typically represented by...
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
by the removal of an electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
:
- O2 → O2+ + e−
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
Ionization energy
The ionization energy of a chemical species, i.e. an atom or molecule, is the energy required to remove an electron from the species to a practically infinite distance. Large atoms or molecules have a low ionization energy, while small molecules tend to have higher ionization energies.The property...
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
Structure and molecular properties
O2+ has a bond orderBond order
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. For example, in diatomic nitrogen N≡N the bond order is 3, while in acetylene H−C≡C−H the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 3, and the C−H bond order is 1. Bond order gives an indication to the stability of a bond....
of 2.5, and a bond length
Bond length
- Explanation :Bond length is related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also inversely related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy, as a stronger bond will be shorter...
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, is a diatomic molecule with chemical formula NO. It is a free radical and is an important intermediate in the chemical industry...
. The bond energy
Bond energy
In chemistry, bond energy is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one Mole of molecules into their individual atoms. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into...
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
Wavenumber
In the physical sciences, the wavenumber is a property of a wave, its spatial frequency, that is proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector...
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
Synthesis
The reaction of oxygen, O2, with platinum hexafluoridePlatinum hexafluoride
Platinum hexafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula PtF6. It is a dark-red volatile solid that forms a red gas. The compound is a unique example of platinum in the +6 oxidation state...
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate is a compound with formula O2PtF6. It is a hexafluoroplatinate of the unusual dioxygenyl cation, O2+. It can be produced by the reaction of dioxygen with platinum hexafluoride:...
, O2[PtF6]+:
- O2 + PtF6 → O2+[PtF6]–
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
Noble gas compound
Noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from Group 18 of the periodic table, the noble gases.-History and background:...
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
Noble gas
The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases, with very low chemical reactivity...
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate is the name of the product of the reaction of platinum hexafluoride and xenon, in an experiment that proved the chemical reactivity of the noble gases...
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid...
(As), gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
(Au), niobium
Niobium
Niobium or columbium , is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It's a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite...
(Nb), ruthenium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element...
(Ru), rhenium
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...
(Re), rhodium
Rhodium
Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed...
(Rh), vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
(V),
The dioxygenyl ion
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass between electrodes in a...
, O2+, is a rarely encountered oxycation
Oxycation
An oxycation is a polyatomic ion with a positive charge that contains oxygen.-Examples:* Nitrosonium ion, NO+* Nitronium ion, NO2+* Vanadyl ion, VO2+, a very stable oxycationSee category for a bigger list....
in which both oxygen atom
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
s have a formal oxidation state
Oxidation state
In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Oxidation states are typically represented by...
of +½. It is formally derived from oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and represented by the symbol O. Its name derives from the Greek roots ὀξύς and -γενής , because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition...
by the removal of an electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...
:
- O2 → O2+ + e−
The energy change for this process is called the ionization energy
Ionization energy
The ionization energy of a chemical species, i.e. an atom or molecule, is the energy required to remove an electron from the species to a practically infinite distance. Large atoms or molecules have a low ionization energy, while small molecules tend to have higher ionization energies.The property...
of the oxygen molecule. Relative to most molecules, this ionization energy is very high at 1175 kJ/mol. As a result, the scope of the chemistry of O2+ is quite limited, acting mainly as a 1-electron oxidiser.
Structure and molecular properties
O2+ has a bond orderBond order
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. For example, in diatomic nitrogen N≡N the bond order is 3, while in acetylene H−C≡C−H the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 3, and the C−H bond order is 1. Bond order gives an indication to the stability of a bond....
of 2.5, and a bond length
Bond length
- Explanation :Bond length is related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also inversely related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy, as a stronger bond will be shorter...
of 112.3 pm in solid O2[AsF6]. It has the same number of valence electrons as nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, is a diatomic molecule with chemical formula NO. It is a free radical and is an important intermediate in the chemical industry...
. The bond energy
Bond energy
In chemistry, bond energy is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one Mole of molecules into their individual atoms. For example, the carbon-hydrogen bond energy in methane E is the enthalpy change involved with breaking up one molecule of methane into...
is 625.1 kJ mol−1 and the stretching frequency is 1858 cm−1
Wavenumber
In the physical sciences, the wavenumber is a property of a wave, its spatial frequency, that is proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector...
, both of which are high relative to most molecules.
Synthesis
The reaction of oxygen, O2, with platinum hexafluoridePlatinum hexafluoride
Platinum hexafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula PtF6. It is a dark-red volatile solid that forms a red gas. The compound is a unique example of platinum in the +6 oxidation state...
, PtF6, yields dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate is a compound with formula O2PtF6. It is a hexafluoroplatinate of the unusual dioxygenyl cation, O2+. It can be produced by the reaction of dioxygen with platinum hexafluoride:...
, O2[PtF6]+:
- O2 + PtF6 → O2+[PtF6]–
PtF6 is one of the few oxidising agents sufficiently powerful to oxidise O2.
Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate played a pivotal role in the discovery of noble gas compound
Noble gas compound
Noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from Group 18 of the periodic table, the noble gases.-History and background:...
s. After Neil Bartlett found that PtF6 could oxidise O2 to O2+, he investigated its reaction with noble gas
Noble gas
The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases, with very low chemical reactivity...
es and discovered "xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate
Xenon hexafluoroplatinate is the name of the product of the reaction of platinum hexafluoride and xenon, in an experiment that proved the chemical reactivity of the noble gases...
".
O2+ is also found in similar compounds of the form O2MF6, where M is arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid...
(As), gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
(Au), niobium
Niobium
Niobium or columbium , is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It's a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite...
(Nb), ruthenium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element...
(Ru), rhenium
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...
(Re), rhodium
Rhodium
Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed...
(Rh), vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
(V), or phosphorus
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks...
(P). Other forms are also attested, including O2GeF5 and (O2)2SnF6.
The tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate salts may be prepared by the reaction of dioxygen difluoride
Dioxygen difluoride
Dioxygen difluoride is a compound with the formula . It exists as an orange solid that melts into a red liquid at −163 °C It is a strong oxidant and decomposes into and oxygen even at −160 °C .-Preparation:...
with boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride is the chemical compound with the formula BF3. This pungent colourless toxic gas forms white fumes in moist air. It is a useful Lewis acid and a versatile building block for other boron compounds.-Structure and bonding:...
or phosphorus pentafluoride
Phosphorus pentafluoride
Phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5, is a phosphorus halide. It's a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure.-Structure:Single-crystal X-ray studies indicate PF5 molecule has two distinct P−F bonds : P−Fax = 158.0 pm and P−Feq = 152.2 pm...
at −126 °C:
- 2 O2F2 + 2 BF3 → 2 O2BF4 + F2
- 2 O2F2 + 2 PF5 → 2 O2PF6 + F2
These compounds rapidly decompose at room temperature:
- 2 O2BF4 → 2 O2 + F2 + 2 BF3
- 2 O2PF6 → 2 O2 + F2 + 2 PF5
Reactions
The reaction of O2BF4 with xenonXenon
Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. The element name is pronounced or . A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts...
at 173 K produces a white solid believed to be F–Xe–BF2, containing an unusual xenon-boron bond:
- 2 O2BF4 + 2 Xe → 2 O2 + F2 + 2 FXeBF2
The dioxygenyl salts O2BF4 and O2AsF6 react with carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...
to give oxalyl fluoride
Oxalyl fluoride
Oxalyl fluoride is a fluorinated derivative of oxalic acid. It is being investigated for use in etching as a replacement for compounds which have the liability of high global warming potential....
, F–(C=O)–(C=O)–F, in high yield.