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All diseases that pertain to the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract

The digestive tract is the system of Organ s within multicellular animals that takes in food, digestion it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste....
 are labelled as digestive diseases. This includes diseases of the esophagus
Esophagus

The esophagus or oesophagus , sometimes known as the gullet, is an Organ in vertebrates which consists of a Muscle tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach....
, stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, first, second and third part of the duodenum
Duodenum

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum....
, jejunum
Jejunum

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum....
, ileum
Ileum

The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum....
, the ileo-cecal complex, large intestine
Large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system?the final stage of the alimentary canal?in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass this useless feces from the body....
 (ascending, transverse and descending colon) sigmoid colon
Sigmoid colon

The sigmoid colon forms a loop which averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity....
 and rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
.







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All diseases that pertain to the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract

The digestive tract is the system of Organ s within multicellular animals that takes in food, digestion it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste....
 are labelled as digestive diseases. This includes diseases of the esophagus
Esophagus

The esophagus or oesophagus , sometimes known as the gullet, is an Organ in vertebrates which consists of a Muscle tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach....
, stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, first, second and third part of the duodenum
Duodenum

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum....
, jejunum
Jejunum

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum....
, ileum
Ileum

The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum....
, the ileo-cecal complex, large intestine
Large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system?the final stage of the alimentary canal?in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass this useless feces from the body....
 (ascending, transverse and descending colon) sigmoid colon
Sigmoid colon

The sigmoid colon forms a loop which averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity....
 and rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
.

Upper GIT Disease


Oral Cavity


Esophagus
Esophagus

The esophagus or oesophagus , sometimes known as the gullet, is an Organ in vertebrates which consists of a Muscle tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach....

  • Esophagitis
    Esophagitis

    Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus....
     - (Candidal
    Esophageal candidiasis

    Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease occurs in patients in immunocompromised states, including post-chemotherapy and in AIDS....
    )
  • rupture (Boerhaave syndrome
    Boerhaave syndrome

    Boerhaave syndrome , or Esophageal perforation, is rupture of the esophagus wall. It is most often caused by excessive vomiting in eating disorders such as bulimia although it may rarely occur in extremely forceful coughing or other situations, such as Esophageal food bolus obstruction....
    , Mallory-Weiss syndrome
    Mallory-Weiss syndrome

    Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to bleeding from tears in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, usually caused by severe retching, coughing, or vomiting....
    )
  • UES
    Upper esophageal sphincter

    The upper esophageal sphincter refers to the superior portion of the esophagus.Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter, it consists of striated muscle and is under conscious control....
     - (Zenker's diverticulum
    Zenker's diverticulum

    In anatomy, Zenker's diverticulum, also pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, is a diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, just above the cricopharyngeal muscle ....
    )
  • LES - (Barrett's esophagus
    Barrett's esophagus

    Barrett's esophagus refers to an abnormal change in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus thought to be caused by damage from chronic acid exposure, or reflux esophagitis....
    )
  • Esophageal motility disorder
    Esophageal motility disorder

    An esophageal motility disorder is a medicine disorder causing difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food and a spasm-type pain which can be brought on by an allergic reaction to certain foods....
     - (Nutcracker esophagus
    Nutcracker esophagus

    Nutcracker esophagus is a disorder of the movement of the esophagus, and is one of many motility disorders of the esophagus, including achalasia and esophageal spasm....
    , Achalasia
    Achalasia

    Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, and esophageal aperistalsis, is an esophageal motility disorder: The smooth muscle cell layer of the esophagus loses normal peristalsis , and the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly in response to swallowing....
    , Diffuse esophageal spasm
    Diffuse esophageal spasm

    'Diffuse esophageal spasm ' is a condition in which uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus occur. It is thought to result from motility disorders of the esophagus....
    , GERD
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease ', Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ', Gastric reflux disease, or Acid reflux disease is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in...
    )
  • Esophageal stricture
    Esophageal stricture

    Benign esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the esophagus that causes swallowing difficulties. It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis , dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, or a hiatal hernia....
  • Megaesophagus
    Megaesophagus

    Megaesophagus is a condition in humans and dogs where peristalsis fails to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. Normally, when the dog's esophagus is functioning properly, it acts as a muscle and pushes the food down the esophagus into the stomach....

Stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....

  • Gastritis
    Gastritis

    Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach, and has many possible causes. The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen....
     - (Atrophic
    Atrophic gastritis

    Atrophic gastritis is a process of chronic inflammation of the stomach mucosa, leading to loss of gastric glandular cells and their eventual replacement by intestinal and fibrous tissues....
    , Ménétrier's disease
    Ménétrier's disease

    M?n?trier disease , is a disorder in which the stomach mucosal folds are Organ hypertrophy , making the surface of the stomach look a bit like the brain gyrus....
    , Gastroenteritis
    Gastroenteritis

    Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small intestine and resulting in acute diarrhea....
    )
  • Peptic (gastric) ulcer
    Peptic ulcer

    A peptic ulcer, also known as ulcus pepticum, PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful....
     - (Cushing ulcer
    Cushing ulcer

    A Cushing ulcer is a gastric ulcer produced by elevated intracranial pressure. It is also called von Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky-Harvey Cushing syndrome....
    , Dieulafoy's lesion
    Dieulafoy's lesion

    Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of gastric bleeding thought to cause less than 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeds in adults. It was named after France surgery Paul Georges Dieulafoy, who described this condition in his paper "Exulceratio simplex: Le?ons 1-3" in 1898....
    )
  • Dyspepsia
    Dyspepsia

    Dyspepsia , popularly known as indigestion, meaning hard or difficult digestion, is a medical condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected when eating....
  • Pyloric stenosis
    Pyloric stenosis

    Pyloric stenosis is a condition that causes severe vomiting in the first few months of life. There is narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the intestines, due to enlargement of the muscle surrounding this opening , which spasms when the stomach empties....
  • Achlorhydria
    Achlorhydria

    Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to states where the production of gastric acid in the stomach is absent or low, respectively. It is associated with various other medical problems....
  • Gastroparesis
    Gastroparesis

    Gastroparesis, also called delayed gastric emptying, is a medical condition consisting of a paresis of the stomach , resulting in food remaining in the stomach for a longer period of time than normal....
  • Gastroptosis
    Gastroptosis

    In medicine, gastroptosis is the abnormal downward displacement of the stomach. It is not a life threatening condition. The condition frequently causes digestive symptoms and constipation, and is much more prominent in women than men....
  • Portal hypertensive gastropathy
    Portal hypertensive gastropathy

    Portal hypertensive gastropathy refers to changes in the mucosa of the stomach in patients with portal hypertension; by far the most common cause of this is cirrhosis of the liver....
  • Gastric antral vascular ectasia
    Gastric antral vascular ectasia

    Gastric antral vascular ectasia is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia. The condition is associated with dilated small blood vessels in the antrum, or the last part of the stomach....
  • Gastric dumping syndrome
    Gastric dumping syndrome

    Gastric dumping syndrome, or rapid gastric emptying, happens when the lower end of the small intestine, the jejunum, expands too quickly due to the presence of hyperosmolar food from the stomach....
  • Gastric volvulus
    Gastric volvulus

    Gastric volvulus or volvulus of stomach a twisting of all or part of the stomach by more than 180 degrees with obstruction of the flow of material through the stomach, variable loss of blood supply and possible tissue death....

Intestinal Disease


Small intestine
Small intestine

In vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and bony fish, the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach, and is where the vast majority of digestion takes place....

Enteritis
Enteritis

In medicine, enteritis refers to inflammation of the small intestine. See also inflammation of related organs of the gastrointestinal system: gastritis , gastroenteritis , colitis , and enterocolitis ....
 (Duodenitis
Duodenitis

Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. It may persist acutely or chronically....
, Jejunitis, Ileitis
Ileitis

Ileitis is an inflammation of the ileum, a portion of the small intestine. Crohn's ileitis is a type of Crohn's disease affecting the ileum....
) Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
Peptic ulcer

A peptic ulcer, also known as ulcus pepticum, PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful....
 (Curling's ulcer) Malabsorption
Malabsorption

Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in digestion or absorption of Nutrient across the gastrointestinal tract.Impairment can be of single or multiple nutrients depending on the abnormality....
: Coeliac
Coeliac disease

C?liac disease , also spelled celiac disease, is an Autoimmunity disorder of the small intestine that occurs in Genetic predisposition people of all ages from middle infancy on up....
 Tropical sprue
Tropical sprue

Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in the tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and inflammation of the lining of the small intestine....
 Blind loop syndrome
Blind loop syndrome

Blind loop syndrome is a medical condition that occurs when the intestine is obstructed, slowing or stopping the progress of digested food, and thus facilitating the growth of bacteria to the point that problems in nutrient absorption occur....
 Whipple's
Whipple's disease

Whipple's disease is a rare disease, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. First described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907 and commonly considered a gastrointestinal disorder, Whipple's disease primarily causes malabsorption but may affect any part of the body including the heart, lungs, brain, joints, an...
 Short bowel syndrome
Short bowel syndrome

Short bowel syndrome is a malabsorption disorder caused by the surgery removal of the small intestine, or rarely due to the complete dysfunction of a large segment of bowel....
 Steatorrhea
Steatorrhea

Steatorrhea is the presence of excess fat in faeces. Stools may also float due to excess lipid, a.k.a. "floater", have an oily appearance and be especially foul smelling....
 Milroy disease
Milroy disease

Milroy disease is a congential lymphangiectasia that causes protein-losing enteropathy. It is also known as intestinal lymphangiectasia with peripheral lymphedema....

Large intestine
Large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system?the final stage of the alimentary canal?in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass this useless feces from the body....

Appendicitis
Appendicitis

Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the Vermiform appendix. It is a medical emergency. All cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy....
 Colitis
Colitis

Colitis is a Chronic digestive diseases characterized by inflammation of the colon .Colitis is one of a group of conditions which are inflammatory and auto-immune, affecting the tissue that lines the gastrointestinal system ....
 (Pseudomembranous
Pseudomembranous colitis

Pseudomembranous colitis is an infection of the colon often, but not always, caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. Still, the expression "C....
, Ulcerative
Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease . Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon , that includes characteristic Peptic ulcer, or open sores, in the colon....
, Ischemic
Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia....
, Microscopic
Microscopic colitis

Microscopic colitis refers to two medical conditions which cause diarrhoea: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. Both conditions are characterised by the following triad of clinicopathological features:...
, Collagenous
Collagenous colitis

Collagenous colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease Colon disease with peak incidence in the 5th decade of life, affecting women more than men....
, Lymphocytic
Lymphocytic colitis

Lymphocytic colitis, a subtype of microscopic colitis, is a rare condition characterized by chronic non-bloody watery diarrhea. The colonoscopy is normal but the mucosal biopsy reveals an accumulation of lymphocytes in the colonic epithelium and connective tissue ....
)Functional colonic disease (IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome , also called spastic colon, is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any organic cause....
, Intestinal pseudoobstruction
Intestinal pseudoobstruction

Intestinal pseudoobstruction is the decreased ability of the intestines to push food through, and often causes dilation of various parts of the bowel....
/Ogilvie syndrome
Ogilvie syndrome

Ogilvie syndrome is the acute Intestinal pseudoobstruction and dilation of the colon in the absence of any Bowel obstruction? in severely ill patients....
) Megacolon
Megacolon

Megacolon is an abnormal dilatation of the colon that is not caused by mechanical obstruction. The dilatation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristalsis movements of the bowel....
/Toxic megacolon
Toxic megacolon

Toxic megacolon is a life-threatening complication of other intestinal conditions. It is characterized by a very dilated Colon , accompanied by abdominal distension , and sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or Shock ....
 Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is a common digestive disease particularly found in the colon . Diverticulitis develops from diverticulosis, which involves the formation of pouches on the outside of the colon ....
/Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis, otherwise known as "diverticular disease", is the condition of having diverticulum in the colon which are outpocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall....

Both Large intestine
Large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system?the final stage of the alimentary canal?in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass this useless feces from the body....
 And Small intestine
Small intestine

In vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and bony fish, the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach, and is where the vast majority of digestion takes place....

Enterocolitis
Enterocolitis

Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the Colon and small intestine. However, most conditions are categorized as one or the other of the following:...
 (Necrotizing
Necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a medical condition primarily seen in premature birth infants, where portions of the bowel undergo necrosis ....
) IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease

In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease is a group of inflammation conditions of the colon and small intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.....
 (Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms....
) vascular
Vascular disease

Vascular disease is a form of cardiovascular disease primarily affecting the blood vessels.Some conditions, such as myocardial ischemia, can be considered both vascular diseases and heart diseases....
: Abdominal angina
Abdominal angina

Abdominal angina is postprandial abdominal pain that occurs in individuals with insufficient blood flow to meet mesenteric visceral demands. The term angina is used in reference to angina pectoris, a similar symptom due to obstruction of the coronary artery....
 Mesenteric ischemia
Mesenteric ischemia

Mesenteric ischemia is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the small intestine result from inadequate blood supply.. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation or local factors such as vasoconstriction or a blood clot....
 Angiodysplasia
Angiodysplasia

In medicine , angiodysplasia is a small blood vessel malformation of the gut. It is a common cause of otherwise unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia....
 Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstruction

Bowel obstruction is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It can occur at any level distal to the duodenum of the small intestine and is a medical emergency....
: Ileus
Ileus

Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive gastrointestinal tract motor activity from non-mechanical mechanisms. Motility disorders that result from structural abnormalities are termed mechanical bowel obstruction....
 Intussusception
Intussusception (medical disorder)

An intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the small intestine has invaginated into another section of intestine, similar to the way in which the parts of a collapsible telescope slide into one another....
 Volvulus
Volvulus

A volvulus is a life-threatening bowel obstruction in which a loop of bowel has abnormally twisted on itself....
 Fecal impaction
Fecal impaction

A fecal impaction is a solid, immobile bulk of Human feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation....
 Constipation
Constipation

Constipation, costiveness, or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system in which a person experiences hard feces that are difficult to expel....
 Diarrhea
Diarrhea

In medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea , is characterized by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. The spelling of "diarrhea" is an appropriation of the Greek "diarrhoia" meaning "a flowing through." ....
 (Infectious
Infectious diarrhea

Infectious diarrhea may be defined as diarrhea caused by an infection of the digestive system by a Bacteria, virus, or parasite that results in frequent bowel motions producing excessive amounts of watery stool....
)

Rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
 and Anus
Anus

The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as coprolite ; food material after all the nutrients have b...

Proctitis
Proctitis

Proctitis is an inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum, affecting only the last 6 inches of the rectum....
 (Radiation proctitis
Radiation proctitis

Radiation proctitis is inflammation and damage to the lower parts of the Colon after exposure to x-rays or other ionizing radiation as a part of radiation therapy....
) Proctalgia fugax
Proctalgia fugax

Proctalgia fugax is a severe, episodic, anus pain. It can be caused by cramp of the pubococcygeus or levator ani muscles....
 Rectal prolapse
Rectal prolapse

Rectal prolapse normally describes a medical condition wherein the walls of the rectum protrude through the anus and hence become visible outside the body....
 Anal fissure
Anal fissure

An anal fissure is an unnatural crack or tear in the skin of the anal canal. Anal fissures may be noticed by bright red anal bleeding on the toilet paper, sometimes in the toilet....
/Anal fistula
Anal fistula

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the epithelialised surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin.Anal fistulae originate from the anal glands, which are located between the two layers of the anal sphincters and which drain into the anal canal....
 Anal abscess
Anal abscess

Note: This article is meant to generally encompass the conditions generally known variously as "anal abscess", "rectal abscess", "peri-rectal abscess", "ano-rectal abscess" and "peri-anal abscess."...

Accessory digestive glands Disease
Accessory digestive gland

An accessory digestive gland is a gland of the digestive system that is not a part of the digestive tract.An example of an accessory digestive gland is the exocrine pancreas....


Liver
Liver

The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals; it has a wide range of functions, a few of which are detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion....

Hepatitis
Hepatitis

Hepatitis implies injury to the liver characterized by the presence of inflammatory cell s in the Tissue of the organ. The name is from ancient Greek hepar , the root being hepat- , meaning liver, and suffix -itis, meaning "inflammation" ....
 (Viral hepatitis
Viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is Hepatitis due to a viral infection. It may present in acute or chronic forms. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E....
, Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis

Anomalous presentation of human leukocyte antigen class II on the surface of hepatocytes, possibly due to genetic predisposition or acute liver infection; causes a cell-mediated immune response against the body's own liver, resulting in autoimmune hepatitis....
, Alcoholic hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is hepatitis due to excessive intake of alcoholic beverage. While distinct from cirrhosis, it is regarded as the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease....
) Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver Tissue by fibrous scar tissue as well as regenerative Nodule , leading to progressive loss of liver function....
 (PBC) Fatty liver
Fatty liver

Fatty liver, also known as fatty liver disease , steatorrhoeic hepatosis, or steatosis hepatitis, is a reversible condition where large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in hepatocyte via the process of steatosis....
 (NASH
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is fatty liver of the liver when this is not due to excessive alcoholism use. It is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, and may respond to treatments originally developed for other insulin resistant states , such as weight loss, metformin and thiazolidinediones....
) vascular
Vascular disease

Vascular disease is a form of cardiovascular disease primarily affecting the blood vessels.Some conditions, such as myocardial ischemia, can be considered both vascular diseases and heart diseases....
 (Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease or veno-occlusive disease is a condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are blocked. It is a complication of high-dose chemotherapy given before a bone marrow transplant and is marked by weight gain due to fluid retention, hepatomegaly, and raised levels of bilirubin in the blood....
, Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension

In medicine, portal hypertension is hypertension in the portal vein and its tributaries.It is often defined as a portal pressure gradient of 5 mm Hg or greater....
, Nutmeg liver
Nutmeg liver

Nutmeg liver is the pathological appearance of the liver caused by chronic passive congestion of the liver secondary to right heart failure. The liver appears "speckled" like a grated nutmeg kernel, from the dilated, congested central veins and paler, unaffected surrounding liver tissue....
) Alcoholic liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver disease is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries, . It arises from the excessive ingestion of Alcoholic beverage....
 Liver failure
Liver failure

Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs of liver disease , and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage ....
 (Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a potentially-reversible neuropsychiatric abnormality in the setting of liver failure, whether chronic , or acute liver failure....
, Acute liver failure) Liver abscess
Liver abscess

A liver abscess is a pus-filled mass inside or attached to the liver. Common causes are an abdominal infection such as appendicitis or diverticulitis....
 (Pyogenic
Pyogenic liver abscess

A pyogenic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by bacteria.Etiology* Streptococcus milleri* E. coli* Streptococcus fecalis...
, Amoebic
Amoebic liver abscess

A amoebic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by amebiasis....
) Hepatorenal syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome refers to acute renal failure that occurs in the setting of cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure, sometimes also associated with portal hypertension, usually in the absence of other disease of the kidney....
 Peliosis hepatis
Peliosis hepatis

Peliosis Hepatis is an uncommon Blood vessel condition characterised by randomly distributed multiple blood-filled cavities throughout the liver....
HemochromatosisWilson's Disease
Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in biological tissue; this manifests as neurology or psychiatry symptoms and liver disease....


Pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....

Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas. See also acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis for more details....
 (Acute
Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. Depending on its severity, it can have severe complications and high mortality despite treatment....
, Chronic
Chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters its normal structure and functions. It can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas, or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption....
, Hereditary
Hereditary pancreatitis

Hereditary Pancreatitis is a genetic disease affecting enzyme production in the pancreas. In the pancreas, a genetic mutation causes the enzyme cationin trypsinogen to be made in a way which renders it resistant to inactivation through autolysis....
) Pancreatic pseudocyst
Pancreatic pseudocyst

A pancreatic pseudocyst is a circumscribed collection of fluid rich in pancreatic enzymes, blood, and necrotic tissue, typically located in the lesser sac of the abdomen....
 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas. This disease is found frequently in dogs....
 Pancreatic fistula
Pancreatic fistula

A pancreatic fistula is an abnormal communication between the pancreas and other organs due to leakage of pancreatic secretions from damaged pancreatic ducts....

Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts

Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gall bladder....
 Gallstone
Gallstone

In medicine, gallstones are crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal bile component.Gallstones can occur anywhere within the biliary tree, including the gallbladder and the common bile duct....
s/Cholecystolithiasis Cholesterolosis
Cholesterolosis of gallbladder

In surgical pathology, strawberry gallbladder, more formally cholesterolosis of the gallbladder and gallbladder cholesterolosis, is a change in the gallbladder wall due to excess cholesterol or cholesterol gallstones....
 Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, also entrapped epithelial crypts, are diverticula or pockets in the wall of the gallbladder. They may be microscopic or macroscopic....
 Postcholecystectomy syndrome
Postcholecystectomy syndrome

The term Postcholecystectomy syndrome describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after surgery to remove the gallbladder . Symptoms include gastrointestinal distress and persistent pain in the upper right abdomen....
 Cholangitis
Cholangitis

Cholangitis is inflammation of the bile duct. The most common cause is a bacterial infection, and the problem is then an ascending cholangitis. However, there are other types of cholangitis as well....
 (PSC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic liver disease caused by progressive inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts of the liver. The inflammation impedes the flow of bile to the gut, which can ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and liver failure....
, Ascending
Ascending cholangitis

Ascending cholangitis or acute cholangitis is an infection of the bile duct , usually caused by bacteria ascending from Ampulla of Vater with the duodenum ....
) Cholestasis
Cholestasis

In medicine, cholestasis is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. Bile formation is a secretory function of the liver....
/Mirizzi's syndrome
Mirizzi's syndrome

Mirizzi's syndrome is a rare cause of acquired jaundice. It is caused by chronic cholecystitis and large gallstones resulting in stenosis of the common hepatic duct....
 Biliary fistula
Biliary fistula

A biliary fistula, a type of fistula where bile leaks from the bile ducts into outside areas, can occur as a complication following biliary Physical trauma, either iatrogenic or a result of a penetrating injury....
 Haemobilia
Haemobilia

Implies bleeding into biliary tree. Can present as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It should be considered in upper abdominal pain presenting with UGI bleeding especially when there is a history of liver injury or instrumentation....
 Gallstone
Gallstone

In medicine, gallstones are crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal bile component.Gallstones can occur anywhere within the biliary tree, including the gallbladder and the common bile duct....
s/Cholelithiasis
common bile duct
Common bile duct

Bile, which is synthesized in the liver, is carried via the right and left hepatic ducts, with both converging to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct opens at the lower end of the common hepatic duct forming the common bile duct....
 (Choledocholithiasis
Choledocholithiasis

Choledocholithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct. This condition causes jaundice and liver cell damage, and is a medical emergency, requiring the ERCP procedure or cholecystectomy treatment....
, Biliary dyskinesia
Biliary dyskinesia

Biliary dyskinesia is a failure of proper movement of the sphincter of Oddi.Failure of the biliary sphincter can be distinguished from the pancreatic sphincter....
)

Hernia
Hernia

A hernia is a wiktionary:protrusion of a Biological tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the muscle tissue or the biological membrane by which it is normally contained....

Diaphragmatic
Diaphragmatic hernia

Diaphragmatic hernia is a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdomen contents to move into the chest cavity. Treatment is usually surgical....
: Congenital diaphragmatic
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a term applied to a variety of congenital disorder that involve abnormal development of the diaphragm . The term is used most commonly in reference to Bochdalek hernia, however it can also apply to Morgagni's hernia, diaphragm eventration and central tendon defects of the diaphragm....
 Hiatus
Hiatus hernia

A hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia is the protrusion of the upper part of the stomach into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm ....
 Abdominal hernia: Inguinal
Inguinal hernia

Inguinal hernias are protrusions of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. They are very common and their repair is one of the most frequently performed surgery operations....
 (Indirect
Indirect inguinal hernia

An indirect inguinal hernia is an inguinal hernia which results from the failure of embryonic closure of the internal inguinal ring after the testicle has passed through it....
, Direct
Direct inguinal hernia

The direct inguinal hernia, a type of inguinal hernia, enters through a weak point in the fascia of the abdominal wall, and its sac is noted to be medial to the inferior epigastric vessels....
) Umbilical
Umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernia is a congenital malformation, especially common in infants of African descent, and more frequent in girls. An Acquired umbilical hernia directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure and are most commonly seen in obese individuals....
 Incisional
Incisional hernia

An incisional hernia occurs in an area of weakness caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound. Since median incisions in the linea alba are frequent for laparotomy, ventral incisional hernias are termed ventral hernias....
 Femoral
Femoral hernia

A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus through a weakness in the containing wall. This weakness may be inherent, as in the case of inguinal, femoral and umbilical hernias....
 Obturator hernia
Obturator hernia

An obturator hernia is a rare type of abdominal wall hernia in which abdominal content protrudes through the obturator foramen. Because of differences in anatomy, it is much more common in women than in men, especially multiparous and older women who have recently lost a lot of weight....
 Spigelian hernia
Spigelian hernia

A Spigelian hernia is a hernia through the spigelian fascia, which is the aponeurotic layer between the rectus abdominis muscle medially, and the linea semilunaris laterally....

Peritoneal

Peritonitis
Peritonitis

Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the peritoneum . It may be localised or generalised, generally has an acute course, and may depend on either infection or on a non-infectious process....
 (Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a form of peritonitis that occurs in patients with cirrhosis and children with nephrotic syndrome. It occurs in 10-30% of hospitalized patients with ascites, and can cause marked decompensation of the liver disease, with other complications and death occurring frequently....
) Hemoperitoneum
Hemoperitoneum

Hemoperitoneum is the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity. The blood accumulates in the space between the inner lining of the abdominal wall and the internal abdominal organs....
 Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum is air or gas in the abdominal cavity. It is often seen on X-ray, but small amounts are often missed, and CT is nowadays regarded as a criterion standard in the assessment of a pneumoperitoneum....

GI bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal hemorrhage describes every form of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, from the pharynx to the rectum....

Upper
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to hemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The anatomic cut-off for upper GI bleeding is the ligament of Treitz, which connects the fourth portion of the duodenum to the Thoracic diaphragm near the splenic flexure of the colon ....
 (Hematemesis
Hematemesis

Hematemesis or haematemesis is the vomiting of blood. The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract. Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis , although the former is more common....
, Melena
Melena

In medicine, melena or melaena refers to the black, "tarry" feces that are associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The black color is caused by oxidation of the iron in hemoglobin during its passage through the ileum and colon ....
) Lower
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly abbreviated LGIB, refers to any form of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract....
 (Hematochezia
Hematochezia

Hematochezia is the passage of bright red, bloody feces from the rectum. It is also known as "bright red blood per rectum" and abbreviated BRBPR....
) =See Also=