Diego Rivera

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Diego Rivera

Diego Rivera (December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957) was born Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez in Guanajuato, Gto. He was a world-famous Mexican painter

Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
, an active Communist, and husband of Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder?n was a Mexico Painting, who has achieved great international popularity. She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include realism , Symbolism , and Surrealism....
, 1929-1939 and 1940-1954 (her death). Rivera's large wall works in fresco

Fresco

Fresco is any of several related painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjective fresco , which has Latin origins....
helped establish the Mexican Mural Renaissance
Mexican Muralism

Mexican Muralism is a Mexican art movement that took place primarily in the 1930's. The movement stands out historically because of its political undertones, the majority of which of a Marxist nature, or related to a social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico....
. Between 1922 and 1953, Rivera painted mural

Mural

A mural is a painting on a wall, ceiling, or other large permanent surface....
s in Mexico City

Mexico City

Mexico City is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial, and cultural center in the country; the most populous city with over 8,836,045 inhabitants in 2008....
, Chapingo

Chapingo

Chapingo is a small town located on the outskirts of the city of Texcoco, Mexico State in central Mexico.It is located at , about 25 km west of Mexico City International Airport....
, Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Morelos in Mexico. As of the 2005 census, the population of the city was 332,197; the municipality's entire population was 349,102 in an area of that includes numerous small localities outside the city, like Ocotepec, where interesting religious celebrations take place, like...
, San Francisco, Detroit, and New York City

New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
.

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Encyclopedia

Painting

Frida Kahlo

Fresco

Mural

A mural is a painting on a wall, ceiling, or other large permanent surface....
s in Mexico City

Mexico City

Chapingo

Chapingo is a small town located on the outskirts of the city of Texcoco, Mexico State in central Mexico.It is located at , about 25 km west of Mexico City International Airport....
, Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
. His 1931 retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art

Museum of Modern Art

The Museum of Modern Art is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues....
in New York City

New York City

Second

The second , sometimes abbreviated sec., is the name of a units of measurement of time, and is the International System of Units SI base unit of time....
.

Early life

Diego Rivera was born in Guanajuato City

Guanajuato, Guanajuato

The Mexican city of Guanajuato is the capital of the state of the same name. It is located at , 370 km northwest of Mexico City, at an elevation of 1,996 m above sea level....
, Guanajuato

Guanajuato

Guanajuato is a state in the central highlands of Mexico. It is named after its capital city, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, which comes from the local indigenous P'urh?pecha language, meaning "Hill of Frogs"....
, to a well-off family. Rivera claimed to be descended, on his mother's side, from Jew

Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
s who converted to Roman Catholicism

Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
, and, on his father's side, from Spanish nobility. Since he was ten years of age, Rivera studied art at the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City

Mexico City

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
by Teodoro A. Dehesa Méndez

Teodoro A. Dehesa Méndez

Teodoro A. Dehesa M?ndez was the Governor of Veracruz of the state of Veracruz in Mexico for five terms from 1892 to 1911.Early years ...
, the governor of the State of Veracruz

Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave is one of the 31 states of Mexico that constitute the republic of Mexico....
.

After arrival in Europe in 1907, Rivera initially went to study with Eduardo Chicharro in Madrid

Madrid

Madrid is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits in the European Union after Greater London and Berlin, and its Madrid metropolitan area is the Largest urban areas of the European Union in the European Union after Paris aire urbaine, Greater London Urban Area, a...
, Spain

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
, and from there went to Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, to live and work with the great gathering of artists in Montparnasse

Montparnasse

Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the Rive Gauche of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes....
, especially at La Ruche

La Ruche

La Ruche is an artist's residence in Montparnasse Quarter of Paris, France.Located in Montparnasse?s "Passage Dantzig," in the 15?me arrondissement, Paris of Paris, La Ruche was an old three-storey circular structure that got its name because it looked more like a large beehive than any dwelling for humans....
, where his friend Amedeo Modigliani

Amedeo Modigliani

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practising both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France....
painted his portrait in 1914. His circle of close friends, which included Ilya Ehrenburg

Ilya Ehrenburg

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg , – August 31, 1967 was a Soviet writer, journalist and propagandist, whose 1954 novel The Thaw gave its name to the Khrushchev Thaw....
, Chaim Soutine

Chaim Soutine

Cha?m Soutine was a Jewish expressionist Painting from Belarus. He has been interpreted as both a forerunner of Abstract Expressionism and as a proponent of painting in the European tradition exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Jean-Baptiste-Sim?on Chardin, and Courbet....
, Modigliani's wife Jeanne Hébuterne

Jeanne Hébuterne

Jeanne H?buterne was a France artist, best known as the frequent subject and Common-law marriage wife of the artist Amedeo Modigliani....
, Max Jacob

Max Jacob

Max Jacob was a French poet, Painting, writer, and critic....
, gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and Moise Kisling

Moise Kisling

Moise Kisling was a Polish painter.Born in Krak?w, Austria-Hungary, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Krak?w, where he was encouraged to go on to Paris, France, at the time, the center for artistic creativity....
, was captured for posterity by Marie Vorobieff

Marie Vorobieff

Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska ? the nickname Marevna reputedly having been given her by Maxim Gorky after a Russian fairy sea princess ? was a cubist Painting who is internationally noted for convincingly combining elements of cubism with pointillism and ? through the use of the Golden Ratio for laying out paintings ? structure....
-Stebelska (Marevna) in her painting "Homage to Friends from Montparnasse" (1962).

In those years, Paris was witnessing the beginning of cubism

Cubism

Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature....
in paintings by such eminent painters as Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Diego Jos? Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar?a de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant?sima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso was a Spanish people Painting, drawing, and Sculpture....
and Georges Braque

Georges Braque

Georges Braque was a major 20th century French Painting and sculpture who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism....
. From 1913 to 1917, Rivera enthusiastically embraced this new school of art. Around 1917, inspired by Paul Cézanne

Paul Cézanne

Paul C?zanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist Painting whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century....
's paintings, Rivera shifted toward Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism

Post-Impressionism is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Edouard Manet....
with simple forms and large patches of vivid colors. His paintings began to attract attention, and he was able to display them at several exhibitions.

Career in Mexico

In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy

Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
studying its art, including Renaissance

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
frescoes. After Jose Vasconcelos

José Vasconcelos

Jos? Vasconcelos Calder?n was a Mexico writer, philosopher and politician of Spanish people, Italian people, and Portuguese people ancestry. He married Serafina Miranda of Tlaxiaco in the Oaxaca in 1906....
became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos. (See also Mexican Muralism
Mexican Muralism

Mexican Muralism is a Mexican art movement that took place primarily in the 1930's. The movement stands out historically because of its political undertones, the majority of which of a Marxist nature, or related to a social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico....
)The program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco

José Clemente Orozco

Jos? Clemente Orozco was a Mexico Social realism Painting, who specialized in bold murals that established the Mexican Muralism together with murals by Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros, and others....
, David Alfaro Siqueiros

David Alfaro Siqueiros

Jos? David Alfaro Siqueiros was a social realist List of painters , and also a Stalinism, known for large murals in fresco that established the Mexican Muralism together with work by Diego Rivera, Jos? Clemente Orozco, and others....
, and Rufino Tamayo, and the French artist Jean Charlot

Jean Charlot

Louis Henri Jean Charlot was a French people Painting and illustrator, active in Mexico and the United States. Charlot was born in Paris. His father, Henri, owned an import-export business and was a Russian-born ?migr?, albeit one who supported the Bolshevik cause....
. In January 1922, he painted - experimentally in encaustic

Encaustic

Encaustic may refer to:*Encaustic painting*Encaustic tilePainted with wax colors filled with heat, or with any process in which colors are burned in....
- his first significant mural Creation in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students.

In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters and Sculptors, and later that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party

Mexican Communist Party

Central Committee

Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a Leninist or Communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. In a Communist party, the Central Committee is made up of delegates elected at a Party Congress....
). His murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution

Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910 with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio D?az....
. Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec

Aztec

Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic period in Mesoamerican chronology....
influence clearly present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, and finished in 1928.

His art, in a fashion similar to the stele

Stele

A stele is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living ? inscribed, carved in relief , or painted onto the slab....
s of the Maya, tells stories. The mural “En el Arsenal” (In the Arsenal) shows on the right hand side Tina Modotti

Tina Modotti

Tina Modotti was an Italy photographer, model, actress, and revolutionary political activist....
holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella

Julio Antonio Mella

Julio Antonio Mella was a founder of the "internationalized" Cuban Communist Party.Mella studied law in the University of Havana until he was expelled in 1925 and is considered a hero by the present Cuban Government e.g.....
, in a light hat, and Vittorio Vidale behind in a black hat. Rivera's radical political beliefs, his attacks on the church and clergy, as well as his dealings with Trotskyists and left-wing assassins made him a controversial figure even in communist circles. Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky , born Lev Davidovich Bronstein , was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxism theorist. He was one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Lenin....
even lived with Rivera and Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico.Some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo

Chapingo

Chapingo is a small town located on the outskirts of the city of Texcoco, Mexico State in central Mexico.It is located at , about 25 km west of Mexico City International Airport....
near Texcoco

Texcoco

Texcoco was a major Acolhua city-state in the central Mexican plateau region of Mesoamerica during the Late Postclassic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology....
(1925–27), in the Cortés Palace in Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca

Later work abroad

In the autumn of 1927, Rivera arrived in Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
, accepting an invitation to take part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution. Subsequently, he was to paint a mural for the Red Army

Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
Club in Moscow, but in 1928 he was ordered out by the authorities because of involvement in anti-Soviet politics, and he returned to Mexico. In 1929, Rivera was expelled from the Mexican Communist Party

Mexican Communist Party

The Mexican Communist Party was a communist party in Mexico. It was founded in 1911 as the Socialist Workers' Party . The PSO changed its name to the Mexican Communist Party in November 1919 following the October Revolution in Russia....
. His 1928 mural In the Arsenal was interpreted by some as evidence of Rivera's prior knowledge of the murder of Julio Antonio Mella
Julio Antonio Mella

Julio Antonio Mella was a founder of the "internationalized" Cuban Communist Party.Mella studied law in the University of Havana until he was expelled in 1925 and is considered a hero by the present Cuban Government e.g.....
allegedly by Stalinist
Stalinism

File:Joseph Stalin.jpgStalinism is a term that purportedly describes the political system of the Soviet Union under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929?1953....
assassin Vittorio Vidale. After divorcing Guadalupe (Lupe) Marin, Rivera married Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder?n was a Mexico Painting, who has achieved great international popularity. She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include realism , Symbolism , and Surrealism....
in August 1929. Also in 1929, the first English-language book on Rivera, American journalist Ernestine Evans
Ernestine Evans

Ernestine Evans was a journalist, editor, author and literary agent.Born in Omaha, Nebraska, she lived in Elkhart, Indiana during her childhood and attended the University of Chicago, receiving a Bachelor of Philosophy degree in 1912....
's The Frescoes of Diego Rivera, was published in New York
New York

The State of New York is a U.S. state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States and is the nation's List of U.S....
. In December, Rivera accepted a commission to paint murals in the Palace of Cortez in Cuernavaca
Cuernavaca

Cuernavaca is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Morelos in Mexico. As of the 2005 census, the population of the city was 332,197; the municipality's entire population was 349,102 in an area of that includes numerous small localities outside the city, like Ocotepec, where interesting religious celebrations take place, like...
from the American Ambassador to Mexico.

In September 1930, Rivera accepted an invitation from architect Timothy L. Pflueger
Timothy L. Pflueger

Timothy Ludwig Pflueger was a prominent architect and interior designer in the San Francisco Bay Area in the first half of the 20th century. Many examples of his extraordinary personal style are scattered throughout the Bay Area....
to paint for him in San Francisco, California
San Francisco, California

The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States, with a 2007 estimated population of 799,183....
. After arriving in November accompanied by Kahlo, Rivera painted a mural for the of the San Francisco Stock Exchange
Pacific Exchange

The Pacific Exchange was a regional stock exchange with a main exchange floor and building in San Francisco, California, USA and a branch in Los Angeles, California, USA....
for US$2,500 and a fresco for the California School of Fine Art, which is now in the San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Art Institute

Founded in 1871, the San Francisco Art Institute is one of the U.S.?s older and more prestigious schools of higher education in contemporary art....
. Kahlo and Rivera worked and lived at the studio of Ralph Stackpole
Ralph Stackpole

Ralph Ward Stackpole was an American sculpture, painter, muralist, etcher and art educator. Stackpole was involved in the art and causes of social realism, especially during the Great Depression when he was part of the Federal Art Project for the Works Progress Administration ....
, who had suggested Rivera to Pflueger. Rivera met Helen Wills Moody
Helen Wills Moody

Helen Newington Wills Roark , also known as Helen Wills Moody, was an American tennis player and widely considered one of the greatest female tennis players of all time....
, a famous tennis player, who modeled for his City Club mural. In November 1931, Rivera had a retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art
Museum of Modern Art

The Museum of Modern Art is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues....
in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
. Kahlo was present at the opening of the New York MoMA show. Between 1932 and 1933, he completed a famous series of twenty-seven fresco panels entitled Detroit Industry

Detroit Industry

Detroit Industry is a mural by Mexico fresco artist Diego Rivera. It is a series of twenty-seven panels depicting industry at the Ford Motor Company....
on the walls of an inner court at the Detroit Institute of Arts
Detroit Institute of Arts

The Detroit Institute of Arts , originally named the Detroit Museum of Art, has one of the largest, most significant art collections in the United States....
. During the McCarthyism
McCarthyism

McCarthyism is the politically motivated practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence....
of the 1950s, a was placed in the courtyard defending the artistic merit of the murals while attacking his politics as "detestable."

His mural Man at the Crossroads

Man at the Crossroads

Man at the Crossroads was a mural by Diego Rivera.The Rockefellers wanted to have a mural put on the wall in Rockefeller Center. Nelson Rockefeller wanted Henri Matisse or Pablo Picasso to do it because he favored their modern art, but neither was available....
, begun in 1933 for the Rockefeller Center
Rockefeller Center

Rockefeller Center is a complex of 19 commerce buildings covering between 48th and 51st streets in New York City. Built by the Rockefeller family, it is located in the center of Midtown Manhattan, spanning between Fifth Avenue and Seventh Avenue ....
in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
, was removed after a furor erupted in the press over a portrait of Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov and also known by the pseudonyms V.I. Lenin and N. Lenin, was a Russians revolutionary, a Bolshevik Communism politician, the principal leader of the October Revolution and the first head of the USSR....
it contained. As a result of the negative publicity, a further commission was cancelled to paint a mural for an exhibition at the Chicago
Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
World's Fair
World's Fair

Universal Exposition or Expo is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the mid-19th century. They are the third largest event in the world in terms of economic and cultural impact, after the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games....
. In December 1933, Rivera returned to Mexico, and he repainted Man at the Crossroads in 1934 in the Palacio de Bellas Artes
Palacio de Bellas Artes

Palacio de Bellas Artes is the premier opera house of Mexico City. The building well known for both its extravagant Beaux Arts exterior in imported Italian Carrara white marble and its murals by Diego Rivera, Rufino Tamayo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Jos? Clemente Orozco....
in Mexico City. This surviving version was called Man, Controller of the Universe

Man, Controller of the Universe

Man, Controller of the Universe is a 1934 painting by Diego Rivera in the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City.The painting is a recreation of the mural Man at the Crossroads, which was commissioned by Nelson Rockefeller for the Rockefeller Center....
. On June 5, 1940, invited again by Pflueger, Rivera returned for the last time to the United States to paint a ten-panel mural for the Golden Gate International Exposition
Golden Gate International Exposition

Golden Gate International Exposition was held at San Francisco, California to celebrate two newly-built bridges. The San Francisco ? Oakland Bay Bridge was dedicated in 1936 and the Golden Gate Bridge was dedicated in 1937....
in San Francisco. Pan American Unity was completed November 29, 1940. As he was painting, Rivera was on display in front of Exposition attendees. He received US$1,000 per month and US$1,000 for travel expenses. The mural includes representations of two of Pflueger's architectural works as well as portraits of Kahlo, woodcarver Dudley C. Carter
Dudley C. Carter

Dudley C. Carter was a woodcarver from the Pacific Northwest. His works are on display in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon and California....
, and actress Paulette Goddard
Paulette Goddard

Paulette Goddard was an American film and theatre actress. A former child Model and in several Broadway theatre productions as Ziegfeld Follies, she was a major star of the Paramount Studio in the 1940s....
, who is depicted holding Rivera's hand as they plant a white tree together. The mural and its archives reside at City College of San Francisco
City College of San Francisco

City College of San Francisco, or CCSF, is a two-year community college in San Francisco, California. The Ocean Avenue campus, in the Neighborhoods in San Francisco, California neighborhood, is the college's primary location....
.

Work in museum collections

Arizona State University
Arizona State University

Arizona State University is the largest public university research university in the United States under a single administration, with total student enrollment of 67,082 as of fall 2008....
Art Museum, Phoenix
Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital and largest city in the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the fifth most populous city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,552,259 residents, and is the anchor of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area with 4,179,427 residents....
, Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
Art Institute of Chicago
Art Institute of Chicago

The School of the Art Institute of Chicago is one of America's premiere fine arts colleges, located in Chicago, Illinois. It is associated with the museum of the same name, The Art Institute of Chicago, but is not related to, nor should be confused with, the chain of schools known as The Art Institutes....
, Illinois
Illinois

The State of Illinois is a U.S. state of the United States, the 21st to be admitted to the United States. Illinois is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern United States state and the fifth most populous state in the nation....
Arthur Ross Gallery, University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania is a private research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is America's first university and is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States....
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery

Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery is an art gallery in Birmingham, England. Opened in 1885, it has a collection of international importance covering fine art, ceramics, metalwork, jewellery, archaeology, ethnography, local history and industrial history....
, Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
DePaul University
DePaul University

DePaul University is a private institution of higher education and research in Chicago, Illinois, Illinois, United States Founded by the Congregation of the Missions in 1898, the university takes its name from the 17th century French priest who valued philanthropy, Vincent de Paul....
Museum, Chicago
Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, as well as the List of United States cities by population city in the United States with more than 2.8 million residents....
, Illinois
Detroit Institute of Arts
Detroit Institute of Arts

The Detroit Institute of Arts , originally named the Detroit Museum of Art, has one of the largest, most significant art collections in the United States....
, Michigan
Michigan

Michigan is a Midwestern United States U.S. state of the United States of America. It was named after Lake Michigan, whose name is a French adaptation of the Anishinaabe language term mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, comprising the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in Golden Gate Park and the California Palace of the Legion of Honor in Lincoln Park is the largest public arts institution in the city of San Francisco, California and one of the largest art museums in California....
, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
Fundación Proa, Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
, Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
Guilford College Art Gallery, North Carolina
North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north....
Harvard University Art Museums
Harvard University Art Museums

The Harvard Art Museum consists of the Fogg Art Museum, which specializes in Western Art from the Middle Ages to the present, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, which specializes in art of Central and Northern Europe, and the Arthur M....
, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge is a city in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. It was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England....
Hermitage Museum
Hermitage Museum

The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest museums in the world, with 3 million works of art , and one of the oldest art gallery and museums of human history and culture in the world....
, Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
Honolulu Academy of Arts
Honolulu Academy of Arts

The Honolulu Academy of Arts was chartered in 1922 by Anna Rice Cooke , who desired to share her love for the arts with the children of Honolulu and Hawaii....
, Hawaii
Hawaii

File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Los Angeles County Museum of Art

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art is an art museum in Los Angeles County, California. It is located on Wilshire Boulevard along Museum Row in the Miracle Mile, Los Angeles, California vicinity of Los Angeles, adjacent to the Page Museum and La Brea Tar Pits....
, California
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile, New York City in New York City, USA....
, New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
Milwaukee Art Museum
Milwaukee Art Museum

The Milwaukee Art Museum is located on Lake Michigan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Starting around 1872, multiple organizations were founded in order to bring an art gallery to Milwaukee, as the city was still a growing port town with little or no places to hold major art exhibitions....
, Wisconsin
Wisconsin

Wisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. state in the United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States. It borders two of the five Great Lakes and four U.S....
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Buenos Aires)

The National Museum of Fine Arts is an Argentina art museum in Buenos Aires. Situated on Avenida del Libertador, this museum has one of the most important art collections in Latin America....
, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Museum of Modern Art
Museum of Modern Art

The Museum of Modern Art is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues....
, New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
National Gallery of Art
National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art is a national art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1938 by the United States Congress, with funds for construction and a substantial art collection donated by Andrew W....
, Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
Phoenix Art Museum
Phoenix art museum

Phoenix Art Museum is the largest and primary institution of visual art in the Southwestern United States. Located in Phoenix, Arizona, the museum's collections trace their origins back to 1912 when the Phoenix Woman?s Club and Arizona State Fair Committee decided to develop a fine arts program....
, Arizona
Museum of the Rhode Island School of Design
Rhode Island School of Design Museum

Rhode Island School of Design Museum is a prominent art museum in Providence, Rhode Island affiliated with the well-known Rhode Island School of Design....
, Providence, Rhode Island
Providence, Rhode Island

Providence is the Capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, and one of the first cities established in the United States....
San Diego Museum of Art
San Diego Museum of Art

The San Diego Museum of Art opened as the Museum of Fine Arts on February 28, 1926. The funders turned over ownership of the building to the City of San Diego....
, California
São Paulo Museum of Art, Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art

Tehran's Museum of Contemporary Art is one of Iran's finest museums, located in Tehran.Inaugurated in 1977, and built adjacent to Tehran's Laleh Park, the museum was designed by Iranian architect Kamran Diba, who employed elements from traditional Persian architecture....
, Iran
Iran

Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
, México
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....

Personal life

Rivera was a notorious womanizer who had fathered at least two illegitimate children by two different women. Angeline Beloff gave birth to a son, Diego (1916-1918). Maria Vorobieff-Stebelska gave birth to a daughter in 1918. He married his first wife, Guadalupe Marín
Guadalupe Marín

Guadalupe Mar?n born Mar?a Guadalupe Mar?n Preciado was a model and novelist born in Ciudad Guzm?n, Jalisco, Jalisco, Mexico. At eight years of age Mar?n moved with her family to Guadalajara, Jalisco....
, in June 1922, with whom he had two daughters. He was still married when he met the art student Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder?n was a Mexico Painting, who has achieved great international popularity. She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include realism , Symbolism , and Surrealism....
. They married on August 21, 1929 when he was forty-two and she was twenty-two. Their mutual infidelities and his violent temper led to divorce in 1939, but they remarried December 8, 1940 in San Francisco. After Kahlo's death, Rivera married Emma Hurtado, his agent since 1946, on July 29, 1955. He died on November 24, 1957.

Fictional portrayals
Diego Rivera was portrayed by Ruben Blades
Rubén Blades

Rub?n Blades Bellido de Luna is a Panamanian salsa singer, songwriter, lawyer, actor, Latin jazz musician, and politician, performing musically most often in the Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz genres....
in 1999's Cradle Will Rock

Cradle Will Rock

| name = Cradle Will Rock| image = Cradle will rock2.jpg| caption = DVD cover| director = Tim Robbins| producer = Tim Robbins| writer = Tim Robbins...
, and by Alfred Molina
Alfred Molina

Alfred Molina is a British Academy of Film and Television Arts-nominated, as well as Tony Award-winning, United Kingdom actor. He first came to public attention in the UK for his joint lead role with Gary Oldman in the 1987 film Prick Up Your Ears....
in 2002's Frida

Frida

Frida is a 2002 biographical film which depicts the passionately professional and private life of the surrealism Mexico Painting Frida Kahlo....
.

External links

- Links to Rivera's works
- Biography and images of Rivera's works
(with timeline and paintings)
(in Dutch)
(with self-portrait and photographs with Trotsky and Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder?n was a Mexico Painting, who has achieved great international popularity. She painted using vibrant colors in a style that was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as by European influences that include realism , Symbolism , and Surrealism....
)
"" (12th painting in sequence: "Motherhood – Angelina and the Child Diego" (1916) depicting his common-law wife with their baby son.)
(Marevna) depicting on the very left herself, Diego Rivera and their daughter Marika, and on the right their mutual friends from Montparnasse, namely (top left to right:) Ilya Ehrenburg
Ilya Ehrenburg

Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg , – August 31, 1967 was a Soviet writer, journalist and propagandist, whose 1954 novel The Thaw gave its name to the Khrushchev Thaw....
, Chaim Soutine
Chaim Soutine

Cha?m Soutine was a Jewish expressionist Painting from Belarus. He has been interpreted as both a forerunner of Abstract Expressionism and as a proponent of painting in the European tradition exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Jean-Baptiste-Sim?on Chardin, and Courbet....
, Amedeo Modigliani
Amedeo Modigliani

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani was an Italian artist of Jewish heritage, practising both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France....
and his wife Jeanne Hébuterne
Jeanne Hébuterne

Jeanne H?buterne was a France artist, best known as the frequent subject and Common-law marriage wife of the artist Amedeo Modigliani....
, Max Jacob
Max Jacob

Max Jacob was a French poet, Painting, writer, and critic....
, the gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and (bottom right corner:) Moise Kisling
Moise Kisling

Moise Kisling was a Polish painter.Born in Krak?w, Austria-Hungary, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Krak?w, where he was encouraged to go on to Paris, France, at the time, the center for artistic creativity....
.