Dicistroviridae
Encyclopedia
The Dicistroviridae are a family of Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)
RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA as its genetic material. This nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA but may be double-stranded RNA...

 insect
Insect
Insects are a class of living creatures within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body , three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae...

-infecting virus
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...

es. Some of the insects commonly infected by dicistroviruses include aphids, leafhoppers, flies
Fließ
Fließ is a municipality in the Landeck district and is located5 km south of Landeck on the upper course of the Inn River. It has 9 hamlets and was already populated at the roman age; the village itself was founded around the 6th century. After a conflagration in 1933 Fließ was restored more...

, bees, ants, silkworms.

Taxonomy

Although many dicistroviruses were initially placed in the Picornaviridae they have since been reclassified into their own family. The name (Dicistro) is derived from the characteristic di-cistronic arrangement of the genome.

This family is a member of the 'picornavirus-like superfamily' (Comoviridae
Comoviridae
The Comovirinae are a subfamily within the family Secoviridae in the order of Picornavirales, including the following genera:*Genus Comovirus; type species: Cowpea mosaic virus*Genus Fabavirus; type species: Broad bean wilt virus 1...

, Iflavirus
Iflavirus
The Iflaviridae is a genus of Group IV insect-infecting viruses. Some of the insects commonly infected by dicistroviruses include aphids, leafhoppers, flies, bees, ants, silkworms.-Taxonomy:...

, Picornaviridae, Potyviridae
Potyviridae
The Potyviridae are a family of plant viruses. They are . Their genome is composed of positive-sense RNA which is surrounded by a protein coat made up of a single viral encoded protein called a capsid. All induce the formation of virus inclusion bodies called in their hosts...

 and Sequiviridae
Sequiviridae
The Sequiviridae are a family of viruses, including the following genera:*Genus Sequivirus; type species: Parsnip yellow fleck virus*Genus Waikavirus; type species: Rice tungro spherical virus-External links:*...

). Within this superfamily the gene order is the gene order of the non-structural proteins Hel(helicase)-Pro(protease)-RdRp(polymerase). The Dicistroviridae can be distinguished from the members of the taxa by the location of the their genome's organisation: the structural proteins are located at the 3' end rather than the 5' end (as found in Iflavirus, Picornaviridae and Sequiviridae) and by having 2 genomic segments rather than a single one (as in the Comoviridae).

This family has been divided into two genera and a number of as yet unclassified species.
  • Genus Cripavirus:
    • Aphid lethal paralysis virus
    • Black queen cell virus
    • Cricket paralysis virus (type species)
    • Drosophila C virus
    • Himetobi P virus
    • Homalodisca coagulata virus-1
    • Plautia stali intestine virus
    • Rhopalosiphum padi virus
    • Triatoma virus

  • Genus: Aparavirus
    • Acute bee paralysis virus (type species)
    • Israeli acute paralysis virus
    • Kashmir bee virus
    • Solenopsis invicta virus 1
    • Taura syndrome virus


Other species:
  • Cloudy wing virus
  • Blackberry virus Z
  • Acheta domesticus virus
  • Ervivirus
  • Mud crab dicistrovirus

Notable species

  • Aphid lethal paralysis virus
  • Black queen cell virus – a Western honey bee virus
  • Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus (BmIFV) – a silkworm virus
  • Cricket paralysis virus
    Cricket paralysis virus
    Cricket Paralysis Virus was initially discovered in Australian field crickets by Carl Reinganum and his colleagues at the Victorian Plant Research Institute . The paralytic disease spread rapidly through a breeding colony as well as through a laboratory population causing about 95% mortality...

  • Drosophila C virus
    Drosophila C virus
    Drosophila C virus belongs to the genus Cripavirus and was previously thought to be a member of the virus family Picornaviridae; it has since been classified as belonging to the Dicistroviridae. It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus of approximately 9300 nucleotides and it contains two...

  • Himetobi P virus
  • Plautia stali intestine virus
  • Rhopalosiphum padi virus
  • Taura syndrome virus
  • Triatoma virus
  • Homalodisca coagulata virus 1 (HoCV-1) – a sharpshooter
    Sharpshooter (insect)
    The name sharpshooter is used to refer to any of various genera and species of large leafhoppers in the tribe Proconiini of the family Cicadellidae. As with all cicadellids, they have piercing-sucking mouthparts and closely spaced rows of fine spines on their hind legs...

     virus
  • Solenopsis invicta virus 1 (SINV-1) – a Red imported fire ant
    Red imported fire ant
    See main article Fire ant.The red imported fire ant , or simply RIFA, is one of over 280 species in the widespread genus Solenopsis...

     virus

RNA structural elements

Many of the Dicistroviridae genomes contains structured RNA elements. For example, the Cripavirus
Cripavirus
Cripaviruses are a genus of + sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. If a ssRNA virus is +sense, it means that the viruses can produce proteins directly from their RNA genome upon entering a cell; and therefore, may not require an RNA polymerase packaged in with it, as this may be produced from the...

es have an internal ribosome entry site
Cripavirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
The Cripavirus internal ribosome entry site is an RNA element required for the production of capsid proteins through IRES-mediated translation....

, which mimics a Met-tRNA and is used in the initiation
Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage ceremony marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components...

of translation.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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