Dichlorodifluoromethane: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Dichlorodifluoromethane

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	Topics Dichlorodifluoromethane Topic Home Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), usually sold under the brand name Freon-12, is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane Halomethane Halomethane compounds are molecules of methane with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms. The halogens are found in group 17 of the periodic table of the Chemical element.... , commonly known as CFC, used as a refrigerant Refrigerant A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat engine that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. The two main uses of refrigerants are refrigerators/freezers and air conditioners .... and aerosol spray propellant Aerosol spray Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an Particulate mist of liquid particles. This is used with a spray can or bottle that contains a liquid under pressure.... . Its manufacture was banned in the United States and many countries in 1994 due to concerns about damage to the ozone layer Ozone layer The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone . This layer absorbs 93-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth.... . It is soluble in many organic solvents. le class="wikitable">
Density Density The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is .... at -29.8 °C (gas)	6.25 kg.m^-3
Density Density The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is .... at 15 °C (gas)	5.11 kg.m^-3
Triple point Triple point In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which three Phase of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.... temperature (T_t)	-157 °C (116 K)
Triple point pressure (p_t)	10 Pa (0.00010 bar)
Critical temperature Critical temperature The critical temperature, Tc, of a material is the temperature above which distinct liquid and gas phases of matter do not exist. As the critical temperature is approached, the properties of the gas and liquid phases become the same resulting in only one phase: the supercritical fluid.... (T_c)	112 °C (385 K)
Critical pressure (p_c)	4.170 MPa (41.15 bar)
Critical density (?_c)	4.789 mol.l^-1
Latent heat of vaporization (l_v)	166.95 kJ.kg^-1
Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals.... at constant pressure (C_p) at 30 °C	74 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals.... at constant volume (C_v) at 30 °C	65 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Heat capacity ratio Heat capacity ratio The heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume .... at 30 °C	1.138889
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at -20 °C	151 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 0 °C	300 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 16 °C	500 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 20 °C	567 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 40 °C	960 kPa
Compressibility Factor Compressibility In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, compressibility is a Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.... (Z) at 21 °C	0.995
Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the Drag of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness".... at 0 °C	11.68 µPa.s (0.01168 cP)
Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity In physics, thermal conductivity, , is the List of materials properties of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Heat conduction#Fourier's law for heat conduction.... (k) at 0 °C	9.46 mW.m^-1.K^-1
Ozone depletion potential Ozone depletion potential The ozone depletion potential of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane being fixed at an ODP of 1.0.... (ODP)	1.0 (CCl₃F Trichlorofluoromethane Trichlorofluoromethane, also called freon-11, CFC-11, or R-11, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It is a colorless, nearly odorless liquid that boils at about room temperature.... = 1)
Global warming potential Global warming potential Global warming potential is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming. It is a relative scale which compares the gas in question to that of the same mass of carbon dioxide .... (GWP)	8100 (CO₂ Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.... = 1)

use of chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol in medicine, for example: USP

United States Pharmacopeia

The is an official public standards?setting authority for all Prescription drug and Over-the-counter drug medicines and other health care products manufactured or sold in the United States....
-approved Albuterol, has been phased out by the U.S.

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Encyclopedia

Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), usually sold under the brand name Freon-12, is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane

Halomethane

Halomethane compounds are molecules of methane with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms. The halogens are found in group 17 of the periodic table of the Chemical element....
, commonly known as CFC, used as a refrigerant

Refrigerant

A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat engine that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. The two main uses of refrigerants are refrigerators/freezers and air conditioners ....
and aerosol spray propellant

Aerosol spray

Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an Particulate mist of liquid particles. This is used with a spray can or bottle that contains a liquid under pressure....
. Its manufacture was banned in the United States and many countries in 1994 due to concerns about damage to the ozone layer

Ozone layer

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone . This layer absorbs 93-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth....
. It is soluble in many organic solvents.

Physical properties

Property	Value
Density Density The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is .... at -29.8 °C (gas)	6.25 kg.m^-3
Density Density The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is .... at 15 °C (gas)	5.11 kg.m^-3
Triple point Triple point In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which three Phase of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.... temperature (T_t)	-157 °C (116 K)
Triple point pressure (p_t)	10 Pa (0.00010 bar)
Critical temperature Critical temperature The critical temperature, Tc, of a material is the temperature above which distinct liquid and gas phases of matter do not exist. As the critical temperature is approached, the properties of the gas and liquid phases become the same resulting in only one phase: the supercritical fluid.... (T_c)	112 °C (385 K)
Critical pressure (p_c)	4.170 MPa (41.15 bar)
Critical density (?_c)	4.789 mol.l^-1
Latent heat of vaporization (l_v)	166.95 kJ.kg^-1
Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals.... at constant pressure (C_p) at 30 °C	74 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals.... at constant volume (C_v) at 30 °C	65 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Heat capacity ratio Heat capacity ratio The heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume .... at 30 °C	1.138889
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at -20 °C	151 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 0 °C	300 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 16 °C	500 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 20 °C	567 kPa
Vapor pressure Vapor pressure Vapor pressure , is the pressure of a vapor in Thermodynamic equilibrium with its non-vapor Phase s. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to Condensation back into their original form .... at 40 °C	960 kPa
Compressibility Factor Compressibility In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, compressibility is a Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.... (Z) at 21 °C	0.995
Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the Drag of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness".... at 0 °C	11.68 µPa.s (0.01168 cP)
Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity In physics, thermal conductivity, , is the List of materials properties of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Heat conduction#Fourier's law for heat conduction.... (k) at 0 °C	9.46 mW.m^-1.K^-1
Ozone depletion potential Ozone depletion potential The ozone depletion potential of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane being fixed at an ODP of 1.0.... (ODP)	1.0 (CCl₃F Trichlorofluoromethane Trichlorofluoromethane, also called freon-11, CFC-11, or R-11, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It is a colorless, nearly odorless liquid that boils at about room temperature.... = 1)
Global warming potential Global warming potential Global warming potential is a measure of how much a given mass of greenhouse gas is estimated to contribute to global warming. It is a relative scale which compares the gas in question to that of the same mass of carbon dioxide .... (GWP)	8100 (CO₂ Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.... = 1)

Usage as an aerosol

The use of chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol in medicine, for example: USP

United States Pharmacopeia

HFA

HFA may stand for:* Harry Fox Agency* Henry Ford Academy* Hume-Fogg High School* High-functioning autism* Hydrofluoroalkane* Haifa Airport in Haifa ...
, which does not harm the environment has been chosen as the replacement.

Retrofitting

R-12 was primarily used in automobiles produced prior to 1994. For older vehicles, retrofit

Retrofit

Retrofitting refers to the addition of new technology or features to older systems. An example of this is custom car, where older vehicles are fitted with new technologies: power windows, cruise control, remote keyless systems, electric fuel pumps, etc....
s to R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, also called simply tetrafluoroethane, R-134a, Genetron 134a, Suva 134a or HFC-134a, is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to dichlorodifluoromethane , but without its ozone depletion potential....
) are generally recommended. Retrofits usually include a complete flushing of the air conditioning system to remove the oil. The oils used for R12 and R134a are not generally compatible, although some oils designed for conversion to R134 are advertised as compatible with residual R-12. Additionally a new compressor, expansion valve, and dryer may be needed. In some cases, all new rubber hoses are needed. It is worth noting that after changing the valves, hoses, and compressor, the only original components of the air conditioner remaining are the evaporator

Evaporator

Within a downstream processing system, several stages are used to further isolate and purify the desired product. The overall structure of the process includes pre-treatment, solid-liquid separation, concentration, and purification and formulation....
and condenser

Condenser

Condenser may refer to:*Condenser , a device or unit used to Condensation vapor into liquid. More specific articles on some types include:*Condenser microphone, a device that converts sound waves into an electrical signal....
, neither of which have moving or delicate pieces. Replacement components are usually aftermarket

Aftermarket (automotive)

The automotive aftermarket is the part of the automotive industry concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, tools, equipment and accessories for light and heavy vehicles, after the sale of the automobile by the original equipment manufacturer to the consumer....
products which are certified as R-134a compatible. Some car manufacturers offer OEM replacement options for older R-12 air conditioning systems.

Dichlorodifluoromethane

Physical properties

Usage as an aerosol

Retrofitting

External links