Devil (Dungeons & Dragons)
Encyclopedia
In the Dungeons & Dragons
roleplaying game, devils are a powerful group of monsters used as a high-level challenge for players of the game. Devils are Lawful Evil in alignment and originate from the Nine Hells of Baator
. True to their Lawful Evil alignment, devils are locked in a strict and brutal hierarchy (changing form as they worked their way up the ladder of power). At the top of the hierarchy are the supreme Archdevils or Lords of the Nine who are the rulers of the different regions of Baator. Devils often see the various worlds in the D&D metacosmos as tools to use for their own ends, including prosecuting the Blood War
, a millennia-long war between the devils and their arch-enemies, demons
.
.
Many of the early devils were inspired directly by real-world religion and mythology, with Mephistopheles
best known from the Faust
cycle, Asmodeus
, a devil from the apocryphal Jewish Book of Tobit
and Baalzebul
appearing as high devils in the D&D cosmology. Other inspirations came from the Erinyes
, Greek demigoddesses of vengeance, and the Lemures, Roman spirits of the dead.
The release of the 2nd Edition Advanced Dungeons and Dragons rule set brought a name change for the devils and their counterparts demons
. Concerned about protests from religious groups and others who viewed the game as an entryway into Satanic worship, TSR, Inc.
dropped the words "devil" and "demon" from all descriptors of the monsters, substituting instead baatezu (icon) and tanar'ri . This persisted until the rollout of 3rd Edition, when the original terms were reinstated. Since the change, the term "baatezu" has been retained as a specific subset of powerful devils.
(1977), which includes the barbed devil (lesser devil), the bone devil (lesser devil), the eryines (lesser devil), the horned devil (malebranche) (greater devil), the ice devil (greater devil), the lemure, the pit fiend (greater devil), and the arch-devils Asmodeus
, Baalzebul
, Dispater
, and Geryon
. The imp
, a frequent servant of devils, also first appeared in the original Monster Manual. The Monster Manual was reviewed by Don Turnbull in the British magazine White Dwarf
#8 (August/September 1978). As part of his review, Turnbull comments on several new monsters introduced in the book, considering the devils the most prominent among them. Turnbull notes that "they are all pretty strong and compare not unfavourably in this respect with the Demons we already know".
Astaroth, Belial, and Satan appeared in the article "The Politics of Hell," in Dragon
# 28 (August 1979); note that this article does not appear to be connected to the established canon of the Nine Hells. Selm, Prince of the Possessors, and the asperim appeared in Dragon #42 (October 1980).
The Styx devil (greater devil) first appears in the Fiend Folio
(1981)
A series of articles appearing in Dragon
in 1983 greatly expanded upon the devils and their home, the Nine Hells
, and presented numerous new devils and arch-devils. The article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom" by Gary Gygax
in Dragon #75 (July 1983) introduced the black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai (lesser devil), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the spined devil (least devil), the princess of Hell Glasya, the dukes of Hell Amon
, Bael
, Bitru, Hutijin
, and Titivilus
, and the arch devils Belial
, Mammon
, Mephistopheles
, and Moloch
. Dozens of unique devils appeared in a two-part article by Ed Greenwood
, including the greater devils Bist, Caim, and Nergal, the dukes of Hell Agares, Alocer, Amduscias
, Arioch, Balan, Bathym, Biffant, Caarcrinolaas, Chamo, Focalor, Gaziel, Gorson
, Herodias, Machalas, Malphas, Melchon, and Merodach, and the princesses of Hell Cozbi
, Lilis
, and Naome
in "The Nine Hells Part I" in Dragon #75, and the dukes of Hell Abigor, Adonides, Barbas, Barbatos, Bele, Bifrons, Bileth, Buer, Bune, Morax, Neabaz, Rimmon, Tartach, Zagum, and Zepar, the princesses of Hell Baalphegor
, Baftis
, and Lilith
, the chancellor of Hell Adramalech, the queen of Hell Bensozia
, and the inquisitor of Hell Phongor in "The Nine Hells Part II" in Dragon #76 (August 1983).
The black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai (lesser devil), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the nupperibo (least devil), the spined devil (least devil), appeared in the first edition Monster Manual II (1983), along with the princess of Hell Glasya, the dukes of Hell Amon, Bael, Hutijin, and Titivilus, and the arch devils Belial, Mammon, Mephistopheles, and Moloch. Ed Greenwood's followup article, "The Nine Hells Revisited" in Dragon #91 (November 1984) introduced the greater devils Armaros, Azazel, Cahor, Dagon, Duskur, Kochibel, Malarea, Nisroch, Rumjal, and the arch-devil Gargoth.
Baalphegor appeared as the ultimate villain of "Caermor" in Dungeon #2 (November 1986) (which was later reprinted in the Dungeons of Despair anthology (1999).).
The Planescape
campaign setting
utilized devils, known exclusively as baatezu under 2nd edition rules, extensively. The black abishai, green abishai, and red abishai lesser baatezu, the amnizu greater baatezu, the barbazu lesser baatezu, the cornugon greater baatezu, the erinyes lesser baatezu, the gelugon greater baatezu, the hamatula lesser baatezu, the lemure, the nupperibo least baatezu, the osyluth lesser baatezu, the pit fiend greater baatezu, and the spinagon least baatezu are detailed in the first Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix (1994). The kocrachon lesser baatezu and the kyton appear in the Planes of Law boxed set (1995). Monstrous Compendium Annual Three (1996) featured the kyton again.
The gelugon Vreesar appeared in the Villains' Lorebook
(1998) for the Forgotten Realms setting.
Guide to Hell (1999) described the transition of the devils and archdevils throughout the millennia, and reconciled the differences between the first edition and second edition archdevils by explaining the Reckoning of Hell
. The book also described the mezzikim. Moloch appeared in and played a key role in the adventure Apocalypse Stone (2000).
The black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai for the Forgotten Realms
setting appear in Monsters of Faerûn (2000).
The spinagon (baatezu) and the narzugon (baatezu) appear in this edition's Manual of the Planes
(2001). The kocrachon (baatezu) and the ghargatula (baatezu), as well as the archdevils Bel, Lord of the First; Dispater, Lord of the Second; Mammon, Lord of the Third; Belial/Fierna, Lord of the Fourth; Levistus, Lord of the Fifth; The Hag Countess, Lord of the Sixth (not technically a devil, but a powerful night hag); Baalzebul, Lord of the Seventh; Mephistopheles, Lord of the Eighth; and Asmodeus, Lord of the Ninth appear in the Book of Vile Darkness
(2002). The advespa (baatezu), the amnizu (baatezu), and the malebranche (baatezu) appear in this edition's Monster Manual II (2002). The paeliryon (baatezu) and xerfilstyx (baatezu), as well as the bloodbag imp, the euphoric imp, and the filth imp appear in this edition's Fiend Folio
(2003).
Savage Species (2003) presented the hamatula (devil), the imp (devil), and the kyton (devil) both as races and as playable classes.
The hellforged devils, including the coal devil, the glass devil, the lead devil, the obsidian devil, the sand devil, and the spiked devil appear in Dragon #306 (April 2003).
The stony devil appears in Underdark (2003).
The chain devil is presented as a player character race in the Planar Handbook (2004).
The desert devil (araton) appears in Sandstorm
: Mastering the Perils of Fire and Sand (2005).
The unique devil Malkizid, the Branded King appears in Champions of Ruin
(2005) for the Forgotten Realms setting.
The logokron devil appeared in the Tome of Magic: Pact, Shadow, and Truename Magic (2006).
Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells (2006) includes new content for devils and inhabitants of Baator, including the black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai, the amnizu, the assassin devil (dogai), the ayperobos swarm, the harvester devil (falxugon), the hellfire engine, the kalabon, the legion devil (merregon), the malebranche, the narzugon, the nupperibo, the orthon, the paeliryon, the pain devil (excruciarch), the pleasure devil (brachina), the spined devil (spinagon), the steel devil (bueroza), and the xerfilstyx. The book also contains statistics the aspects
of the Lords of the Nine, including Bel, Lord of the First; Dispater, Lord of the Second; Mammon, Lord of the Third; Belial and Fierna, Lords of the Fourth; Levistus, Lord of the Fifth; Glasya, Lord of the Sixth; Baalzebul, Lord of the Seventh; Mephistopheles, Lord of the Eighth; and Asmodeus, Lord of the Ninth .
The death devil (jerul) appears in Dragon #353 (March 2007). The gulthir devil, the remmanon devil, and the stitched devil appeared in Monster Manual V (2007).
The unique devils Moloch the Outcast, Titivilus, Bael, Balan, and Bathym all reappeared in the online version of Dragon, in issue #360 (October 2007) in the "Infernal Aristocracy" feature. The unique devils Agares, Tartach, Lilith, Hutijin, and Adramalech reappeared in Dragon #361 (December 2007) in the second part of the "Infernal Aristocracy" feature.
, and the war devil (malebranche). All devils now have the "Evil" alignment and speak Supernal. There were no changes to the line-up of the Lords of the Nine from Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells.
Asmodeus appears as one of the gods of evil in the 4th edition Dungeon Masters Guide (2008).
The assassin devil (dogai), erinyes, gorechain devil, infernal armor animus, misfortune devil, shocktroop devil, and withering devil appeared in the fourth edition Monster Manual 2 (2009). More devils are detailed in the Manual of the Planes
(2008): barbed devil (hamatula), brazen devil, pain devil (excruciarch), storm devil and Dispater, the Lord of Dis; The Plane Above: Secrets of the Astral Sea (2010): burning devil, indwelling devil, pillager devil and warder devil; and Monster Manual 3 (2010): corruption devil, hell knight (narzugon), hellwasp, passion devil, rage devil, slime devil, swarm devil and vizier devil; while Monster Vault (2010) revisited several devils originally printed in the Monster Manual - all of them except for the bearded devil, spined devil and war devil - and Monster Vault: Threats to the Nentir Vale (2011) only contained the tar devil.
Amnizu: Short, stocky winged guardians of the gates of the Nine Hells.
Ayperobos: Small, hateful devils that work together as a swarm to bring down larger foes.
Barbazu ("Bearded Devil"): Ferocious warrior that frenzies with a saw-toothed glaive.
Barbazu, Half-Troll:
Brachina ("Pleasure Devil"): Devilish counterpart of the demonic succubus
, and an advanced Erinyes.
Bueroza ("Steel Devil"):
Cornugon ("Horned Devil"): Gargoyle
-like fiend armed with a spiked chain.
Dogai ("Assassin Devil"):
Erinyes: A fallen angel that delivers death from her fiery bow. The devilish counterpart to the demonic succubus
.
Excruciarch ("Pain Devil"):
Falxugon ("Harvester Devil"):
Gelugon ("Ice Devil"): Insectile horror promising a cold death.
Ghargatula: Dinosaurlike guardians with massive maw and a wicked stinger.
Hamatula ("Barbed Devil"): Elite infernal warrior with impaling spikes.
Kocrachon: Insectoid diabolical torturer.
Lemure: Mindless, tormented creature that attacks in mobs. Cannon fodder in Blood War.
Logokron: Delight in learning the personal truenames of their foes, then tormenting them or turning them into slaves.
Malebranche: Hulking, horned warriors, enforcers, punishers, and mounts.
Merregon ("Legion Devil"):
Narzugon: Nightmare-riding elite cavalry.
Nupperibo
The nupperibo is a grossly fat devil, one of the least powerful of its kind.
In Baatezu hierarchy only one step higher off lemures. (In 1st edition AD&D, they were one step below lemures.) They are mindless bulks, harmed permanently only by good-aligned magic and holy weapons. These creatures are the natural spawn of Baator and not considered true Baatezu, so other higher ranking devils will usually destroy these and re-mold them into Lemures. This causes many Baatezu uneasiness as an even more ancient race is native to their home plane. Fortunately for the Baatezu, almost no Nupperibos survive long enough to transform into anything greater. Note that in the most recent book, Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells
, the origin of the Nupperibo was retcon
ned. Currently they are true Baatezu that have been demoted in station and form by their superiors.
Orthon: Foot soldiers of Hell's armies specializing in killing demons.
Osyluth ("Bone Devil"): A tall, emaciated being with dried skin stretched so tight as to outline and emphasize every bone. It has a skull-like head and a bony tail like a scorpion's, and exude a stench of decay. An osyluth stands about 9 feet tall and weighs roughly 500 pounds. Osyluths often serve as the informers and police of the Nine Hells, monitoring and reporting on the activities of other devils.
Paeliryon: Disgusting spymasters with deforming fingernails. Slightly more powerful than Pit Fiends. Rarely encountered as they work behind the scenes where they manipulate others.
Pit Fiend: Lord of devils, with great strength and deadly power.
Spinagon ("Spined Devil"): Spike-covered eyes and ears of Baator.
Xerfilstyx: Memory-stealing guardians of the River Styx in Avernus.
and Pearza of the Dark Eight. They are humanoid creatures that resemble gargoyles
or humanoid dragons
. There are five kinds, easily distinguishable by color (black, blue, green, red, and white). Most abishai are servitors of the dragon goddess Tiamat
. They are the scouts, torturers, and wardens of the first two layers of Baator
.
Ranked in power, the red abishai are the most powerful, followed by the blue, green, black, and white.
Dungeons & Dragons
Dungeons & Dragons is a fantasy role-playing game originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. . The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast since 1997...
roleplaying game, devils are a powerful group of monsters used as a high-level challenge for players of the game. Devils are Lawful Evil in alignment and originate from the Nine Hells of Baator
Baator
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Baator, also known as the Nine Hells of Baator or the Nine Hells, is a lawful evil-aligned plane of existence...
. True to their Lawful Evil alignment, devils are locked in a strict and brutal hierarchy (changing form as they worked their way up the ladder of power). At the top of the hierarchy are the supreme Archdevils or Lords of the Nine who are the rulers of the different regions of Baator. Devils often see the various worlds in the D&D metacosmos as tools to use for their own ends, including prosecuting the Blood War
Blood War
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, the Blood War is an eternal conflict between the fiends of the Lower planes. The Tanar'ri are the demonic forces of the Abyss, an evil plane of chaos. Representing the equally evil but lawful realm of Baator are the Baatezu, the dominant caste of...
, a millennia-long war between the devils and their arch-enemies, demons
Demon (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, demons are the most widespread race of fiends. The demons are chaotic evil by nature, and are native to the Abyss...
.
Publication history
Devils first appeared in the original first edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Monster ManualMonster Manual
The Monster Manual is the primary bestiary sourcebook for monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It includes monsters derived from mythology, and folklore, as well as creatures created for D&D specifically...
.
Many of the early devils were inspired directly by real-world religion and mythology, with Mephistopheles
Mephistopheles
Mephistopheles is a demon featured in German folklore...
best known from the Faust
Faust
Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend; a highly successful scholar, but also dissatisfied with his life, and so makes a deal with the devil, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures. Faust's tale is the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical...
cycle, Asmodeus
Asmodai
Asmodeus or Asmodai is a king of demons mostly known from the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, in which he is the primary antagonist. The demon is also mentioned in some Talmudic legends, for instance, in the story of the construction of the Temple of Solomon. He was supposed by some Renaissance...
, a devil from the apocryphal Jewish Book of Tobit
Book of Tobit
The Book of Tobit is a book of scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canon, pronounced canonical by the Council of Carthage of 397 and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent...
and Baalzebul
Beelzebub
Beelzebub -Religious meaning:Ba‘al Zəbûb is variously understood to mean "lord of flies", or "lord of the dwelling". Originally the name of a Philistine god, Beelzebub is also identified in the New Testament as Satan, the "prince of the demons". In Arabic the name is retained as Ba‘al dhubaab /...
appearing as high devils in the D&D cosmology. Other inspirations came from the Erinyes
Erinyes
In Greek mythology the Erinyes from Greek ἐρίνειν " pursue, persecute"--sometimes referred to as "infernal goddesses" -- were female chthonic deities of vengeance. A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as "those who beneath the earth punish whosoever has sworn a false oath"...
, Greek demigoddesses of vengeance, and the Lemures, Roman spirits of the dead.
The release of the 2nd Edition Advanced Dungeons and Dragons rule set brought a name change for the devils and their counterparts demons
Demon (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, demons are the most widespread race of fiends. The demons are chaotic evil by nature, and are native to the Abyss...
. Concerned about protests from religious groups and others who viewed the game as an entryway into Satanic worship, TSR, Inc.
TSR, Inc.
Blume and Gygax, the remaining owners, incorporated a new company called TSR Hobbies, Inc., with Blume and his father, Melvin Blume, owning the larger share. The former assets of the partnership were transferred to TSR Hobbies, Inc....
dropped the words "devil" and "demon" from all descriptors of the monsters, substituting instead baatezu (icon) and tanar'ri . This persisted until the rollout of 3rd Edition, when the original terms were reinstated. Since the change, the term "baatezu" has been retained as a specific subset of powerful devils.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977-1988)
Devils first appear in the first edition Monster ManualMonster Manual
The Monster Manual is the primary bestiary sourcebook for monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. It includes monsters derived from mythology, and folklore, as well as creatures created for D&D specifically...
(1977), which includes the barbed devil (lesser devil), the bone devil (lesser devil), the eryines (lesser devil), the horned devil (malebranche) (greater devil), the ice devil (greater devil), the lemure, the pit fiend (greater devil), and the arch-devils Asmodeus
Asmodeus (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Asmodeus is an Arch-Devil: a lord of the game's version of Hell . There he is the Overlord of the Dukes of Hell...
, Baalzebul
Baalzebul (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Baalzebul is a fictional character, described as an Arch-Devil of Hell , also called the "Lord of the Flies."Baalzebul is lord of Maladomini, the Seventh Plane of Hell...
, Dispater
Dispater (Dungeons & Dragons)
In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Dispater is an Arch-Devil of Hell , and the Lord of the Iron City of Dis....
, and Geryon
Geryon (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Geryon was an Arch-Devil of Hell , also known as the "Wild Beast."-Creative origins:...
. The imp
Imp (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, an imp is a devilish creature based on the imps from folklore.-Publication history:The imp first appeared in the first edition in the original Monster Manual ....
, a frequent servant of devils, also first appeared in the original Monster Manual. The Monster Manual was reviewed by Don Turnbull in the British magazine White Dwarf
White Dwarf (magazine)
White Dwarf is a magazine published by British games manufacturer Games Workshop. Initially covering a wide variety of fantasy and science-fiction role-playing and board games, particularly the role playing games Dungeons & Dragons, RuneQuest and Traveller...
#8 (August/September 1978). As part of his review, Turnbull comments on several new monsters introduced in the book, considering the devils the most prominent among them. Turnbull notes that "they are all pretty strong and compare not unfavourably in this respect with the Demons we already know".
Astaroth, Belial, and Satan appeared in the article "The Politics of Hell," in Dragon
Dragon (magazine)
Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products, the other being Dungeon. TSR, Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company's earlier publication, The Strategic Review. The...
# 28 (August 1979); note that this article does not appear to be connected to the established canon of the Nine Hells. Selm, Prince of the Possessors, and the asperim appeared in Dragon #42 (October 1980).
The Styx devil (greater devil) first appears in the Fiend Folio
Fiend Folio
Fiend Folio is the title shared by three products published for successive editions of the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons...
(1981)
A series of articles appearing in Dragon
Dragon (magazine)
Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products, the other being Dungeon. TSR, Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company's earlier publication, The Strategic Review. The...
in 1983 greatly expanded upon the devils and their home, the Nine Hells
Baator
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Baator, also known as the Nine Hells of Baator or the Nine Hells, is a lawful evil-aligned plane of existence...
, and presented numerous new devils and arch-devils. The article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom" by Gary Gygax
Gary Gygax
Ernest Gary Gygax was an American writer and game designer best known for co-creating the pioneering role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons with Dave Arneson. Gygax is generally acknowledged as the father of role-playing games....
in Dragon #75 (July 1983) introduced the black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai (lesser devil), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the spined devil (least devil), the princess of Hell Glasya, the dukes of Hell Amon
Amon (Dungeons & Dragons)
Amon, also known as Amon the Wolf, is a deposed Duke of Hell, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Publication history:Amon was first detailed in Gary Gygax's article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom," in Dragon #75...
, Bael
Bael (Dungeons & Dragons)
Bael is a powerful Duke of Hell in the service of Mammon, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Publication history:Bael was first detailed in Gary Gygax's article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom," in Dragon #75...
, Bitru, Hutijin
Hutijin
Hutijin is a powerful Duke of Hell in the service of Mephistopheles, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Publication history:Hutijin was first detailed in Gary Gygax's article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom," in Dragon #75...
, and Titivilus
Titivilus (Dungeons & Dragons)
Titivilus is Dispater's nuncio, serving as his ambassador and viceroy, and a powerful Duke of Hell, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Publication history:...
, and the arch devils Belial
Belial (Dungeons & Dragons)
In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Belial is an Arch-Devil of Hell , lord of the Fourth Hell, Phlegethos. He retained his rule after the Reckoning of Hell, though he now shares this responsibility with his daughter Fierna who serves as his mouthpiece...
, Mammon
Mammon (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Mammon is an Arch-Devil of Hell , also known as the "Lord of Avarice." His symbol is a pair of red scaled hands open and looming over a black gemstone, or gold medallions emblazoned with the image of a snake-bodied devil.Mammon is the lord of Minauros,...
, Mephistopheles
Mephistopheles (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Mephistopheles is an Arch-Devil of Hell , also known as the "Lord of No Mercy" and the "Cold Lord"....
, and Moloch
Moloch (Dungeons & Dragons)
In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Moloch is an arch-devil of Hell , and once served as the viceroy of Baalzebul.-Creative origins:...
. Dozens of unique devils appeared in a two-part article by Ed Greenwood
Ed Greenwood
Ed Greenwood is a Canadian writer and editor who created the Forgotten Realms. He invented the Forgotten Realms as a child, as a fantasy world in which to set the stories he imagined, and later used this world as a campaign setting for his own personal Dungeons & Dragons playing group...
, including the greater devils Bist, Caim, and Nergal, the dukes of Hell Agares, Alocer, Amduscias
Amduscias (Dungeons & Dragons)
Amduscias is a powerful unique baatezu in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game.Amduscias is a duke in the service of Tiamat, and leads 29 companies of abishai. He lives on Avernus, the first layer of Baator. He is famous for his long memory, and almost as well known for his cunning strategies...
, Arioch, Balan, Bathym, Biffant, Caarcrinolaas, Chamo, Focalor, Gaziel, Gorson
Gorson (Dungeons & Dragons)
Gorson is a Duke of Hell in the service of Geryon, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Publication history:Gorson first appears in Ed Greenwood's article "The Nine Hells Part I" in Dragon #75 ....
, Herodias, Machalas, Malphas, Melchon, and Merodach, and the princesses of Hell Cozbi
Cozbinaer
Cozbinaer or Cozbi, in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, was the consort of the demoted lord of the 5th layer of Baator, Geryon...
, Lilis
Lilis (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Lilis is the consort of Dispater, the ruler of Dis, the second layer of Baator. She is sometimes referred to as the Iron Maiden.-Creative origins:...
, and Naome
Naome (Dungeons & Dragons)
In many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, Naome "the Golden," was the clever consort of Belial, the arch-devil who formerly ruled the 4th layer of Baator, Phlegethos. She is the mother of Lady Fierna, Belial's daughter who is currently ruling the layer...
in "The Nine Hells Part I" in Dragon #75, and the dukes of Hell Abigor, Adonides, Barbas, Barbatos, Bele, Bifrons, Bileth, Buer, Bune, Morax, Neabaz, Rimmon, Tartach, Zagum, and Zepar, the princesses of Hell Baalphegor
Baalphegor
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Baalphegor is the consort of Mephistopheles, the arch-devil currently ruling Cania, the 8th layer of the Nine Hells of Baator.-Creative origins:...
, Baftis
Baftis
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Baftis is the consort to Baalzebul, the arch-devil currently ruling Maladomini, the seventh layer of the Nine Hells of Baator...
, and Lilith
Lilith (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Lilith is the current consort of Baalzebul, the arch-lord currently ruling the Seventh Layer of the Nine Hells of Baator, Maladomini. She shares the title with the subservient and rather spineless Baftis, another she-devil who wields little...
, the chancellor of Hell Adramalech, the queen of Hell Bensozia
Bensozia
In the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game, Bensozia was the consort of Baator's Overlord, Asmodeus. She's also referred to as the Queen of Hell.-Creative origins:...
, and the inquisitor of Hell Phongor in "The Nine Hells Part II" in Dragon #76 (August 1983).
The black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai (lesser devil), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the nupperibo (least devil), the spined devil (least devil), appeared in the first edition Monster Manual II (1983), along with the princess of Hell Glasya, the dukes of Hell Amon, Bael, Hutijin, and Titivilus, and the arch devils Belial, Mammon, Mephistopheles, and Moloch. Ed Greenwood's followup article, "The Nine Hells Revisited" in Dragon #91 (November 1984) introduced the greater devils Armaros, Azazel, Cahor, Dagon, Duskur, Kochibel, Malarea, Nisroch, Rumjal, and the arch-devil Gargoth.
Baalphegor appeared as the ultimate villain of "Caermor" in Dungeon #2 (November 1986) (which was later reprinted in the Dungeons of Despair anthology (1999).).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989-1999)
The black abishai, green abishai, and red abishai lesser baatezu, the amnizu greater baatezu, the barbazu lesser baatezu, the cornugon greater baatezu, the erinyes lesser baatezu, the gelugon greater baatezu, the hamatula lesser baatezu, the lemure, the nupperibo least baatezu, the osyluth lesser baatezu, the pit fiend greater baatezu, and the spinagon least baatezu appear in the Monstrous Compendium Volume Outer Planes Appendix (1991). The black abishai, green abishai, and red abishai lesser baatezu, and the pit fiend greater baatezu next appear in the Monstrous Manual (1993).The Planescape
Planescape
Planescape is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, originally designed by Zeb Cook. The Planescape setting was published in 1994...
campaign setting
Campaign setting
A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A campaign is a series of individual adventures, and a campaign setting is the world in which such adventures and campaigns take place...
utilized devils, known exclusively as baatezu under 2nd edition rules, extensively. The black abishai, green abishai, and red abishai lesser baatezu, the amnizu greater baatezu, the barbazu lesser baatezu, the cornugon greater baatezu, the erinyes lesser baatezu, the gelugon greater baatezu, the hamatula lesser baatezu, the lemure, the nupperibo least baatezu, the osyluth lesser baatezu, the pit fiend greater baatezu, and the spinagon least baatezu are detailed in the first Planescape Monstrous Compendium Appendix (1994). The kocrachon lesser baatezu and the kyton appear in the Planes of Law boxed set (1995). Monstrous Compendium Annual Three (1996) featured the kyton again.
The gelugon Vreesar appeared in the Villains' Lorebook
Villains' Lorebook
Villains' Lorebook is an accessory for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the second edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game...
(1998) for the Forgotten Realms setting.
Guide to Hell (1999) described the transition of the devils and archdevils throughout the millennia, and reconciled the differences between the first edition and second edition archdevils by explaining the Reckoning of Hell
Reckoning of Hell
In the cosmology of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, the Reckoning of Hell was a civil war that shaped the political landscape of the Nine Hells into its current form...
. The book also described the mezzikim. Moloch appeared in and played a key role in the adventure Apocalypse Stone (2000).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000-2002)
Devils appear in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000), including the barbazu (baatezu), the cornugon (baatezu), the erinyes (baatezu), the gelugon (baatezu), the hamatula (baatezu), the hellcat, the imp, the kyton, the lemure (baatezu), the osyluth (baatezu), and the pit fiend (baatezu).The black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai for the Forgotten Realms
Forgotten Realms
The Forgotten Realms is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a setting for his childhood stories...
setting appear in Monsters of Faerûn (2000).
The spinagon (baatezu) and the narzugon (baatezu) appear in this edition's Manual of the Planes
Manual of the Planes
The Manual of the Planes is a manual for the Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game. This text addresses the planar cosmology of the game universe....
(2001). The kocrachon (baatezu) and the ghargatula (baatezu), as well as the archdevils Bel, Lord of the First; Dispater, Lord of the Second; Mammon, Lord of the Third; Belial/Fierna, Lord of the Fourth; Levistus, Lord of the Fifth; The Hag Countess, Lord of the Sixth (not technically a devil, but a powerful night hag); Baalzebul, Lord of the Seventh; Mephistopheles, Lord of the Eighth; and Asmodeus, Lord of the Ninth appear in the Book of Vile Darkness
Book of Vile Darkness
Book of Vile Darkness is an optional supplemental sourcebook for the 3rd edition of the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The book was written by Monte Cook and published by Wizards of the Coast in October 2002. Described as a "detailed look at the nature of evil," it was the first Dungeons &...
(2002). The advespa (baatezu), the amnizu (baatezu), and the malebranche (baatezu) appear in this edition's Monster Manual II (2002). The paeliryon (baatezu) and xerfilstyx (baatezu), as well as the bloodbag imp, the euphoric imp, and the filth imp appear in this edition's Fiend Folio
Fiend Folio
Fiend Folio is the title shared by three products published for successive editions of the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons...
(2003).
Savage Species (2003) presented the hamatula (devil), the imp (devil), and the kyton (devil) both as races and as playable classes.
The hellforged devils, including the coal devil, the glass devil, the lead devil, the obsidian devil, the sand devil, and the spiked devil appear in Dragon #306 (April 2003).
The stony devil appears in Underdark (2003).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003-2007)
Devils appear in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003), including the barbed devil (hamatula), the bearded devil (barbazu), the bone devil (osyluth), the chain devil (kyton), the erinyes, the hellcat (bezekira), the horned devil (cornugon), the ice devil (gelugon), the imp, the lemure, and the pit fiend.The chain devil is presented as a player character race in the Planar Handbook (2004).
The desert devil (araton) appears in Sandstorm
Sandstorm (Dungeons & Dragons)
Sandstorm is an optional supplemental source book for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Contents:Sandstorm describes how DMs can create adventures and even campaigns set in a desert or wasteland environment. The book details many hazards that are associated with real-life...
: Mastering the Perils of Fire and Sand (2005).
The unique devil Malkizid, the Branded King appears in Champions of Ruin
Champions of Ruin
Champions of Ruin is a hardcover accessory for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.-Contents:Champions of Ruin is an expansion to detail the role of evil in the Forgotten Realms setting.-Publication history:...
(2005) for the Forgotten Realms setting.
The logokron devil appeared in the Tome of Magic: Pact, Shadow, and Truename Magic (2006).
Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells (2006) includes new content for devils and inhabitants of Baator, including the black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai, the amnizu, the assassin devil (dogai), the ayperobos swarm, the harvester devil (falxugon), the hellfire engine, the kalabon, the legion devil (merregon), the malebranche, the narzugon, the nupperibo, the orthon, the paeliryon, the pain devil (excruciarch), the pleasure devil (brachina), the spined devil (spinagon), the steel devil (bueroza), and the xerfilstyx. The book also contains statistics the aspects
Aspect (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, an Aspect is the physical embodiment of a god, demon lord, or other such powerful, godly being sent to the Material Plane to act as a representative of the being itself, for whatever reason....
of the Lords of the Nine, including Bel, Lord of the First; Dispater, Lord of the Second; Mammon, Lord of the Third; Belial and Fierna, Lords of the Fourth; Levistus, Lord of the Fifth; Glasya, Lord of the Sixth; Baalzebul, Lord of the Seventh; Mephistopheles, Lord of the Eighth; and Asmodeus, Lord of the Ninth .
The death devil (jerul) appears in Dragon #353 (March 2007). The gulthir devil, the remmanon devil, and the stitched devil appeared in Monster Manual V (2007).
The unique devils Moloch the Outcast, Titivilus, Bael, Balan, and Bathym all reappeared in the online version of Dragon, in issue #360 (October 2007) in the "Infernal Aristocracy" feature. The unique devils Agares, Tartach, Lilith, Hutijin, and Adramalech reappeared in Dragon #361 (December 2007) in the second part of the "Infernal Aristocracy" feature.
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008-)
Devils appear in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), including the bearded devil (barbazu), the bone devil (osyluth), the chain devil (kyton), the ice devil (gelugon), the imp, the legion devil grunt, legion devil hellguard, legion devil veteran, and legion devil legionnaire, the pit fiend, the spined devil (spinagon), the succubusSuccubus (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a succubus is a female demon. Under 4th edition rules, a succubus is a devil.-Publication history:The succubus is based on the succubi from Western medieval legend.-Dungeons & Dragons :...
, and the war devil (malebranche). All devils now have the "Evil" alignment and speak Supernal. There were no changes to the line-up of the Lords of the Nine from Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells.
Asmodeus appears as one of the gods of evil in the 4th edition Dungeon Masters Guide (2008).
The assassin devil (dogai), erinyes, gorechain devil, infernal armor animus, misfortune devil, shocktroop devil, and withering devil appeared in the fourth edition Monster Manual 2 (2009). More devils are detailed in the Manual of the Planes
Manual of the Planes
The Manual of the Planes is a manual for the Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game. This text addresses the planar cosmology of the game universe....
(2008): barbed devil (hamatula), brazen devil, pain devil (excruciarch), storm devil and Dispater, the Lord of Dis; The Plane Above: Secrets of the Astral Sea (2010): burning devil, indwelling devil, pillager devil and warder devil; and Monster Manual 3 (2010): corruption devil, hell knight (narzugon), hellwasp, passion devil, rage devil, slime devil, swarm devil and vizier devil; while Monster Vault (2010) revisited several devils originally printed in the Monster Manual - all of them except for the bearded devil, spined devil and war devil - and Monster Vault: Threats to the Nentir Vale (2011) only contained the tar devil.
Baatezu
Advespa: Female, wasp-like devils that patrol infernal skies.Amnizu: Short, stocky winged guardians of the gates of the Nine Hells.
Ayperobos: Small, hateful devils that work together as a swarm to bring down larger foes.
Barbazu ("Bearded Devil"): Ferocious warrior that frenzies with a saw-toothed glaive.
Barbazu, Half-Troll:
Brachina ("Pleasure Devil"): Devilish counterpart of the demonic succubus
Succubus (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a succubus is a female demon. Under 4th edition rules, a succubus is a devil.-Publication history:The succubus is based on the succubi from Western medieval legend.-Dungeons & Dragons :...
, and an advanced Erinyes.
Bueroza ("Steel Devil"):
Cornugon ("Horned Devil"): Gargoyle
Gargoyle (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a gargoyle is a grotesque winged monstrous humanoid creature, with a horned head and a stony hide.-Dungeons & Dragons :...
-like fiend armed with a spiked chain.
Dogai ("Assassin Devil"):
Erinyes: A fallen angel that delivers death from her fiery bow. The devilish counterpart to the demonic succubus
Succubus (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a succubus is a female demon. Under 4th edition rules, a succubus is a devil.-Publication history:The succubus is based on the succubi from Western medieval legend.-Dungeons & Dragons :...
.
Excruciarch ("Pain Devil"):
Falxugon ("Harvester Devil"):
Gelugon ("Ice Devil"): Insectile horror promising a cold death.
Ghargatula: Dinosaurlike guardians with massive maw and a wicked stinger.
Hamatula ("Barbed Devil"): Elite infernal warrior with impaling spikes.
Kocrachon: Insectoid diabolical torturer.
Lemure: Mindless, tormented creature that attacks in mobs. Cannon fodder in Blood War.
Logokron: Delight in learning the personal truenames of their foes, then tormenting them or turning them into slaves.
Malebranche: Hulking, horned warriors, enforcers, punishers, and mounts.
Merregon ("Legion Devil"):
Narzugon: Nightmare-riding elite cavalry.
Nupperibo
The nupperibo is a grossly fat devil, one of the least powerful of its kind.
In Baatezu hierarchy only one step higher off lemures. (In 1st edition AD&D, they were one step below lemures.) They are mindless bulks, harmed permanently only by good-aligned magic and holy weapons. These creatures are the natural spawn of Baator and not considered true Baatezu, so other higher ranking devils will usually destroy these and re-mold them into Lemures. This causes many Baatezu uneasiness as an even more ancient race is native to their home plane. Fortunately for the Baatezu, almost no Nupperibos survive long enough to transform into anything greater. Note that in the most recent book, Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells
Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells
Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells is an optional supplemental source book for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game.-Contents:...
, the origin of the Nupperibo was retcon
Retcon
Retroactive continuity is the alteration of previously established facts in a fictional work. Retcons are done for many reasons, including the accommodation of sequels or further derivative works in a series, wherein newer authors or creators want to revise the in-story history to allow a course...
ned. Currently they are true Baatezu that have been demoted in station and form by their superiors.
Orthon: Foot soldiers of Hell's armies specializing in killing demons.
Osyluth ("Bone Devil"): A tall, emaciated being with dried skin stretched so tight as to outline and emphasize every bone. It has a skull-like head and a bony tail like a scorpion's, and exude a stench of decay. An osyluth stands about 9 feet tall and weighs roughly 500 pounds. Osyluths often serve as the informers and police of the Nine Hells, monitoring and reporting on the activities of other devils.
Paeliryon: Disgusting spymasters with deforming fingernails. Slightly more powerful than Pit Fiends. Rarely encountered as they work behind the scenes where they manipulate others.
Pit Fiend: Lord of devils, with great strength and deadly power.
Spinagon ("Spined Devil"): Spike-covered eyes and ears of Baator.
Xerfilstyx: Memory-stealing guardians of the River Styx in Avernus.
Abishai
Abishai (AB-i-shy) are a subgroup of Baatezu created through the joint efforts of TiamatTiamat (Dungeons & Dragons)
Tiamat is the name of a powerful draconic goddess in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The name is taken from Tiamat, a goddess in ancient Mesopotamian mythology who is substantially different ....
and Pearza of the Dark Eight. They are humanoid creatures that resemble gargoyles
Gargoyle (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a gargoyle is a grotesque winged monstrous humanoid creature, with a horned head and a stony hide.-Dungeons & Dragons :...
or humanoid dragons
Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons)
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game , dragons are an iconic type of monstrous creature used as adversaries or, less commonly, allies of player characters...
. There are five kinds, easily distinguishable by color (black, blue, green, red, and white). Most abishai are servitors of the dragon goddess Tiamat
Tiamat (Dungeons & Dragons)
Tiamat is the name of a powerful draconic goddess in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The name is taken from Tiamat, a goddess in ancient Mesopotamian mythology who is substantially different ....
. They are the scouts, torturers, and wardens of the first two layers of Baator
Baator
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, Baator, also known as the Nine Hells of Baator or the Nine Hells, is a lawful evil-aligned plane of existence...
.
Ranked in power, the red abishai are the most powerful, followed by the blue, green, black, and white.
Non-Baatezu
- Chain Devil (Kyton) - Murderous torturer with an infernal command of chains.
- Desert Devil (Araton) - Scimitar-wielding desert-dwelling devils.
- Hellcat (Bezekira) - Infernal, invisible catlike devil the size of a tiger.
- Hellfire Engine - Constructs of cold iron made to combat celestials and demons. Enhanced with hellfire.
- ImpImp (Dungeons & Dragons)In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, an imp is a devilish creature based on the imps from folklore.-Publication history:The imp first appeared in the first edition in the original Monster Manual ....
- Clever devil that aids evil mortals with dark counsel and trickery. - Imp, Filth - Foul-smelling imp with a talent for forgery and translation.
- Imp, Bloodbag - Imp that serves as infernal nurse corps.
- Imp, Euphoric - Imp that serves as dealer of hallucinogenic slime.
- Kalabon - Devils spawned from the rotting flesh of the Hag Countess's carcass that can combine their individual bodies into large amalgamations which fights as a single creature.
Hellforged devils
A subgroup of devils, known as hellforged devils, were constructs that over time were transformed by the Nine Hells of Baator into living beings. They rigidly follow and enforce the laws of the Hells.- Coal Devil: Enforcers and shock troops.
- Glass Devil: Spies and watchers.
- Lead Devil: Dispatched to capture prisoners alive.
- Obsidian Devil: Police force of the Nine Hells.
- Sand Devil: Spies and informers.
- Spiked Devil: Covered with sharp iron spikes.
Further reading
- Fast Forward Entertainment. Encyclopedia of Demons and Devils. ISBN 0971323437
- Grubb, Jeff. Manual of the PlanesManual of the PlanesThe Manual of the Planes is a manual for the Dungeons and Dragons role-playing game. This text addresses the planar cosmology of the game universe....
(TSRTSR, Inc.Blume and Gygax, the remaining owners, incorporated a new company called TSR Hobbies, Inc., with Blume and his father, Melvin Blume, owning the larger share. The former assets of the partnership were transferred to TSR Hobbies, Inc....
, 1987). ISBN 0-7869-1850-0 - Larme, John. Dangerous Games? Censorship and "Child Protection" http://www.members.tripod.com/anthonylarme/gc/gamesthesis.pdf (2000).
- McComb, ColinColin McCombColin McComb is an American writer and game designer born in Evanston, Illinois. He is married to musician Robin Moulder. They currently live in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, with their two children...
. Faces of Evil: The Fiends (TSR, 1997). ISBN 0-7869-0684-7 - McComb, Colin, Dale Donovan, and Monte CookMonte CookMonte Cook is a professional table-top role-playing game designer and writer. He is married to Sue Weinlein Cook.-Roleplaying:Cook has been a professional game designer since 1988, working primarily on role-playing games. Much of his early work was for Iron Crown Enterprises as an editor and writer...
. Planes of ConflictPlanes of ConflictPlanes of Conflict is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 1995....
(TSR, 1995). ISBN 0-7869-0309-0 - Stewart, Todd, and Paizo Staff. "1d20 Villains" DragonDragon (magazine)Dragon is one of the two official magazines for source material for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game and associated products, the other being Dungeon. TSR, Inc. originally launched the monthly printed magazine in 1976 to succeed the company's earlier publication, The Strategic Review. The...
#359 (Paizo PublishingPaizo PublishingPaizo Publishing is an American publishing company in Redmond, Washington that specializes in game aids and adventures for "the world's oldest fantasy roleplaying game" and its flagship spin-off game and setting, Pathfinder...
, 2007). - Gygax, GaryGary GygaxErnest Gary Gygax was an American writer and game designer best known for co-creating the pioneering role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons with Dave Arneson. Gygax is generally acknowledged as the father of role-playing games....
. Monster Manual II, (TSR, Inc.TSR, Inc.Blume and Gygax, the remaining owners, incorporated a new company called TSR Hobbies, Inc., with Blume and his father, Melvin Blume, owning the larger share. The former assets of the partnership were transferred to TSR Hobbies, Inc....
, 1983). - Wyatt, JamesJames Wyatt (game designer)James Wyatt is a game designer and a former United Methodist minister. He works for Wizards of the Coast, where he has designed several award-winning supplements and adventures for the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game...
and Rob Heinsoo. Monstrous CompendiumMonstrous CompendiumThe Monstrous Compendium is a series of accessories for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.-Volumes:MC1 Monstrous Compendium, Volume One was published by TSR in 1989...
: Monsters of Faerun (Wizards of the CoastWizards of the CoastWizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games...
, 2001) 12-13. - "Devil in the Details." Wizards of the CoastWizards of the CoastWizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games...
. 08 Dec. 2006. 30 May 2007 - Laws, Robin D., and Robert J. SchwalbRobert J. Schwalb-Career:His works for Dungeons & Dragons include: Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells , Drow of the Underdark -Career:His works for Dungeons & Dragons include: Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells (2006, with Robin Laws), Drow of the Underdark -Career:His works for Dungeons &...
. Fiendish Codex II: Tyrants of the Nine Hells. 1st ed. Renton WA: Wizards of the CoastWizards of the CoastWizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games...
, 2006. 108-112.