Department of Agriculture (Philippines)
Encyclopedia
The Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

' Department of Agriculture (Filipino: Kagawaran ng Pagsasaka), abbreviated as DA, is the executive department
Executive Departments of the Philippines
The Executive departments of the Philippines is the largest component of the national executive branch of the government of the Philippines. There are a total of nineteen executive departments. The departments comprise the largest part of the country's bureaucracy...

 of the Philippine government
Politics of the Philippines
The Politics of the Philippines takes place in an organized framework of a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a pluriform multi-party system...

 responsible for boosting the income of farmers as well as reducing the incidence of poverty in the rural sector, as stipulated in
the Government's Medium Term Philippine Development Plan.

History

The Department of Agriculture had its beginnings when President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...

 Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...

 established the Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing on June 23, 1898.

By 1901, under the American colonial government, priority was given to the development of other agricultural products, such as rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...

 and other basic commodities, as well as fishing
Fishing
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch wild fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping....

, forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...

, and mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...

. This new focus necessitated the establishment of the Insular Bureau of Agriculture. This bureau was put under the Department of the Interior through the Philippine Legislature's Act No. 271.

The Bureau of Agriculture grew rapidly until it was abolished by the enactment of Act No. 2666, otherwise known as "An Act to Re-organize the Executive Department of the Government of the Philippine Islands," on November 18, 1916, which was implemented on January 1, 1917. This act provided for the establishment of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR), which would take over direct executive control, direction, and supervision of the Bureaus of Agriculture, Forestry, Lands, Science, and Weather, as well as all matters concerning hunting
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living thing, usually wildlife, for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to applicable law...

, fisheries, sponge
Sea sponge
Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera . Their bodies consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. While all animals have unspecialized cells that can transform into specialized cells, sponges are unique in having some specialized cells, but can also have...

s and other sea products, and such others as may be assigned to it by law.

By virtue of another Reorganization Act in 1932, the DANR became the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. The Bureau of Commerce, which used to be under the Department of Commerce and Communication, was placed under the reorganized Department. The Bureau of Agriculture was split into the Bureau of Plant Industry and Bureau of Animal Industry.

The following year, by virtue of the same Reorganization Act, Secretary Vicente Singson Encarnacion organized the Offices of Accounts and Property and Statistics and Publication, the Fish and Game Administration, established the Divisions of Mineral Resources, Industrial Engineering, and Home Economics, a Fiber Inspection Service, and established a Scientific Library.

Under Secretary Eulogio Rodriguez, the Divisions of Mineral Resources and Industrial Engineering, and the Scientific Library were placed under the Bureau of Science. It was also during Rodriguez's administration that the Division of Mineral Resources was converted into the Bureau of Mines by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 136.

During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, President Manuel L. Quezon
Manuel L. Quezon
Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the Philippines...

 re-appointed Rafael Alunan, Sr. as Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce up to 1942. The Department of Agriculture and Commerce was reconstituted on July 1, 1945 upon the resumption of the Commonwealth Government. President Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña y Suico was a Filipino politician who served as the 4th President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon, and rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944, being the oldest Philippine president to hold office at age 65...

 re-appointed Vicente Singson Encarnacion as Secretary.

In 1947, the Department of Agriculture and Commerce was renamed Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources by virtue of a Reorganization Act. The Department of Commerce and Industry was formed as a result of which the Bureau of Commerce, Bureau of Patents and Weather Bureau were spun off from the DANR.

The Philippines became a member of the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

 Food and Agriculture Organization
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...

 under Secretary Juan G. Rodriguez. It was also during his tenure that the National Rice and Corn Production Program was launched and was coupled with the creation of the Rice and Corn Coordinating Council, which was the forerunner of the National Food and Agriculture Council (NFAC), which is now the National Agricultural and Fishery Council (NAFC). On September 14, 1959, the DANR moved to its permanent building in Diliman, Quezon City
Quezon City
Quezon City is the former capital and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. The city was named after Manuel L...

 from the Agrifina Circle in Manila.

With the election of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, Vice-President Fernando Lopez was appointed Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources for the second time. It was during his tenure that the Philippines became an exporter of rice in 1968.

By virtue of Presidential Decree (P.D.) 461, which was signed into law by President Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...

, the DANR was reorganized in May 1974 into two departments, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Natural Resources. On June 22, 1978, by virtue of P.D. 1397, all departments were changed to ministries. At the helm of the Ministry of Agriculture was Minister Arturo R. Tanco, Jr., who launched the innovative Masagana 99 rice production program which revolutionized the rice industry and made the Philippines a rice-exporter and self-sufficient in white corn. By virtue of P.D. 461, in June 1978, the MA established 12 regional offices each headed by a Regional Director.

On February 28, 1986 as a result of the EDSA People Power Revolution
1986 EDSA Revolution
The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that occurred in 1983-86. The methods used amounted to a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud...

, the ministership was transferred from Minister Salvador Escudero III to Ramon V. Mitra, who was immediately appointed by President Corazon C. Aquino upon her assumption into office. Guided by the principle that agriculture is business, the DA implemented policy and institutional reforms that freed the agriculture markets, enabling farmers to enjoy higher farmgate prices. These reforms included the dismantling of agricultural monopolies
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...

 and the elimination of agricultural taxes. Reforms in the agricultural credit system, such as the phase-out of the direct lending scheme, was also initiated.

The reorganization of the Department of Agriculture was contained in Executive Order (EO) No. 116 and was signed by President Aquino on January 30, 1987. The EO mandated the DA to promote agricultural development by providing the policy framework, public investment, and support services, which are needed for domestic and export-oriented business enterprises.

Services, Bureaus, Councils and Attached Agencies and Corporations

The DA is composed of the following Services established in the Department Proper:
  • Information Technology Center for Agriculture and Fisheries
  • Agricultural and Fisheries Information Service
  • Agribusiness and Marketing Assistance Service
  • Field Operation Service
  • Policy Analysis Service
  • Project Development Service
  • Planning Service
  • Financial and Management Service
  • Administrative Service


The DA is also composed of bureaus as follows:
  • Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM)
  • Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI)
  • Bureau of Plant Industry
    Bureau of Plant Industry (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Bureau of Plant Industry , abbreviated as BPI, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for serving and supporting the Philippine plant industry sector.-History:On January 1, 1930 by virtue of Act 3639 of the Philippine Legislature,...

     (BPI)
  • Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
    Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources , abbreviated as BFAR, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for the development, improvement, management and conservation of the Philippines' fisheries and aquatic resources.-History:When...

     (BFAR)
  • Bureau of Agricultural Research
    Bureau of Agricultural Research (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Bureau of Agricultural Research , abbreviated as BAR, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for ensuring that all agricultural research is coordinated and undertaken for maximum utility to agriculture.-History:In 1901, the United...

     (BAR)
  • Bureau of Agricultural Statistics
    Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Bureau of Agricultural Statistics , abbreviated as BAS, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for being the central information source and server of the National Information Network of the Department of Agriculture; and providing...

     (BAS)
  • Bureau of Post Harvest Research and Extension (BPRE)
  • Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Product Standards
    Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Product Standards (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Product Standards , abbreviated as BAFPS, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for setting and implementing standards for fresh primary and secondary processed agricultural and fishery...

     (BAFPS)
  • Agricultural Training Institute
    Agricultural Training Institute (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Agricultural Training Institute , abbreviated as ATI, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for training agricultural extension workers and their clientele; conducting multi-level training programs to promote and accelerate rural...

     (ATI)


The following agencies and corporations are attached to the DA for policy and program coordination:
  • Agricultural Credit and Policy Council (ACPC)
  • Cotton Development Administration
    Cotton Development Administration (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Cotton Development Administration , abbreviated as CODA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for undertaking initiatives that will spur the growth of the local cotton industry through cotton research, development and...

     (CODA)
  • Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority
    Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority , abbreviated as FPA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for assuring adequate supplies of fertilizer and pesticide at reasonable prices; rationalizing the manufacture and marketing of...

     (FPA)
  • Fiber Industry Development Authority
    Fiber Industry Development Authority (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Fiber Industry Development Authority , abbreviated as FIDA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the accelerated growth and development of the Philippine fiber industry.-History:The Fiber Industry Development...

     (FIDA)
  • Livestock Development Council (LDC)
  • National Agricultural and Fishery Council (NAFC)
  • National Dairy Authority (NDA)
  • National Food Authority
    National Food Authority (Philippines)
    The Philippines' National Food Authority , abbreviated as NFA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for ensuring the food security of the Philippines and the stability of supply and price of the staple grain-rice.-History:The National Food...

     (NFA)
  • National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI)
  • National Irrigation Administration (NIA)
  • National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS)
  • National Tobacco Administration (NTA)
  • Philippine Agricultural Development and Commercial Corporation (PADCC)
  • Philippine Carabao Center (PCC)
  • Philippine Coconut Authority
    Philippine Coconut Authority
    The Philippines' Philippine Coconut Authority , abbreviated as PCA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for developing the coconut and other palm oil industry to its full potential in line with the new vision of a united, globally competitive...

     (PCA)
  • Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC)
  • Philippine Fisheries Development Authority (PFDA)
  • Philippine Rice Research Institute
    Philippine Rice Research Institute
    The Philippine Rice Research Institute is one of the Philippines' rice research institutes, and collaborates with the International Rice Research Institute also headquartered in the Philippines. PhilRice plays a key role in building and sustaining a competitive rice economy through research into...

     (Philrice)
  • Quedan Rural Credit and Guarantee Corporation (QUEDANCOR)
  • Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
    Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
    The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center is an autonomous intergovernmental body established as a regional treaty organization in 1967 to promote fisheries development in Southeast Asia...

     (SEAFDEC)
  • Sugar Regulatory Administration
    Sugar Regulatory Administration (Philippines)
    The Philippines' Sugar Regulatory Administration , abbreviated as SRA, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the growth and development of the sugar industry through greater participation of the private sector and to improve the...

     (SRA)

Secretaries/Ministers/Administrators of Agriculture

Term started Term finished Name President
Secretaries of Agriculture and Natural Resources
1917 1921 Galicano Apacible
1921 1923 Rafael Corpuz
1923 1928 Silvestre Apostol
1928 1932 Rafael Alunan
Secretaries of Agriculture and Commerce
1932 1933 Rafael Alunan
1933 1934 Vicente Singson Encarnacion
1935 1938 Eulogio Rodriguez
Eulogio Rodriguez
Eulogio "Amang" Adona Rodríguez, Sr. was a Filipino politician, the longest serving Senate President after Manuel L...

 
Manuel Quezon
1938 1941 Benigno S. Aquino
Benigno Aquino, Sr.
Benigno Simeon Aquino, Sr. , also known as Benigno S. Aquino or Benigno S. Aquino, Sr., was a Filipino politician who served as Speaker of the Second Philippine Republic National Assembly from 1943 to 1944....

1941 1942 Rafael Alunan
1942 1945 Vacant, World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

Secretaries of Finance, Agriculture and Commerce
1942 1944 Andres Soriano
Administrators of National Corn and Rice Administration
1943 1945 Manuel Roxas
Manuel Roxas
Manuel Acuña Roxas was the first president of the independent Third Republic of the Philippines and fifth president overall. He served as president from the granting of independence in 1946 until his abrupt death in 1948...

Secretaries of Agriculture and Commerce
1944 1944 Manuel Nieto Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña y Suico was a Filipino politician who served as the 4th President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon, and rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944, being the oldest Philippine president to hold office at age 65...

Secretaries of Justice, Agriculture and Commerce
1945 1945 Delfin Jaranilla Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña
Sergio Osmeña y Suico was a Filipino politician who served as the 4th President of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon, and rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in 1944, being the oldest Philippine president to hold office at age 65...

1945 1946 Vicente Singson Encarnacion
1946 1947 Mariano Garchitorena Manuel Roxas
Manuel Roxas
Manuel Acuña Roxas was the first president of the independent Third Republic of the Philippines and fifth president overall. He served as president from the granting of independence in 1946 until his abrupt death in 1948...

Secretaries of Agriculture and Natural Resources
1947 1948 Mariano Garchitorena Manuel Roxas
Manuel Roxas
Manuel Acuña Roxas was the first president of the independent Third Republic of the Philippines and fifth president overall. He served as president from the granting of independence in 1946 until his abrupt death in 1948...

1948 1950 Placido L. Mapa Elpidio Quirino
Elpidio Quirino
Elpidio Rivera Quirino was a Filipino politician, and the sixth President of the Philippines.A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative of Ilocos Sur from 1919 to 1925. He was then elected as senator from 1925–1931...

1950 1953 Fernando Lopez
Fernando Lopez
Fernando López,Sr. was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López Family of Iloilo, Fernando López served as Vice President for three terms, under President Elpidio Quirino for the Liberals and Ferdinand Marcos for the Nacionalistas.-Early life and career:López was born on April 13,...

1953 1953 Placido L. Mapa Ramon Magsaysay
Ramon Magsaysay
Ramón del Fierro Magsaysay was the third President of the Republic of the Philippines from December 30, 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1957. He was elected President under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.-Early life:Ramon F...

1953 1955 Salvador Araneta
1955 1960 Juan G. Rodriguez
Carlos P. Garcia
Carlos P. Garcia
Carlos Polistico García was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist and guerrilla leader...

1960 1961 Cesar Fortich
1961 1962 Jose Locsin Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal was the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970...

1962 1963 Benjamin M. Gozon
1963 1965 Jose Y. Feliciano
1965 1971 Fernando Lopez
Fernando Lopez
Fernando López,Sr. was a Filipino statesman. A member of the influential López Family of Iloilo, Fernando López served as Vice President for three terms, under President Elpidio Quirino for the Liberals and Ferdinand Marcos for the Nacionalistas.-Early life and career:López was born on April 13,...

Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...

1971 May 1974 Arturo R. Tanco, Jr.
Ministers of Agriculture
May 1974 1984 Arturo R. Tanco, Jr. Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...

1984 March 25, 1986 Salvador H. Escudero III
Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...

March 25, 1986 February 7, 1986 Ramon V. Mitra, Jr.
Ramon Mitra, Jr.
Ramon "Monching" Villarosa Mitra, Jr. , was a prominent Filipino statesman, diplomat, and a renown pro-democracy activist of the Philippines....

Secretaries of Agriculture
1986 1987 Ramon V. Mitra, Jr.
Ramon Mitra, Jr.
Ramon "Monching" Villarosa Mitra, Jr. , was a prominent Filipino statesman, diplomat, and a renown pro-democracy activist of the Philippines....

Corazon Aquino
Corazon Aquino
Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco-Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines...

1987 1989 Carlos G. Dominguez
1989 1992 Senen C. Bacani
1992 1996 Roberto S. Sebastian Fidel Ramos
1996 June 1998 Salvador H. Escudero III
June 1998 May 1999 William D. Dar Joseph Estrada
Joseph Estrada
Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada was the 13th President of the Philippines, serving from 1998 until 2001. Estrada was the first person in the Post-EDSA era to be elected both to the presidency and vice-presidency.Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over 100 films in...

May 1999 January 6, 2001 Edgardo J. Angara, Jr.
Edgardo Angara
Edgardo Javier Angara is a Filipino politician who served as President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1993-1995. He is currently serving his fourth term in the Senate which ends in 2013.-Early life and career:...

January 2001 March 2001 Domingo F. Panganiban
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga...

March 2001 December 2002 Leonardo Q. Montemayor
December 2002 August 2004 Luis P. Lorenzo, Jr.
August 2004 July 2005 Arthur Yap
Arthur Yap (politician)
Arthur C. Yap is a Filipino politician. He is a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 3rd District of Bohol...

July 2005 May 3, 2006 Domingo F. Panganiban
May 3, 2006 June 30, 2010 Arthur Yap
Arthur Yap (politician)
Arthur C. Yap is a Filipino politician. He is a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 3rd District of Bohol...

June 30, 2010 Present Proceso Alcala
Proceso Alcala
Proceso Jaraza Alcala , popularly known as "Procy" in his home province, is the current Philippine Secretary of Agriculture. On June 29, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III picked him as his Secretary of Agriculture.-Background:...

Benigno Aquino III
Benigno Aquino III
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III , also known as Noynoy Aquino or PNoy, is a Filipino politician who has been the 15th and current President of the Philippines since June 2010....


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