Demographics of Canada
Encyclopedia
This article about the demographic
Demographics
Demographics are the most recent statistical characteristics of a population. These types of data are used widely in sociology , public policy, and marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, race, age, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location...

 features of the population of Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, including population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

, ethnicity
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...

, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, the People of Canada
People of Canada
Canadians are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be genetic, residential, legal, historical, cultural or ethnic...

.
Population of Canada: 31,612,895 (2006 Census).
Population of Canada: 34,265,000 (Est.The population count appearing may differ from the official estimates and projections released by Statistics Canada. Data displayed is as a rough estimate of the current Canadian population. Source: )

Provinces and territories

Province or territory Population Percentage of national pop. Total area (km2) Population density Seats in House of Commons
Canadian House of Commons
The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...

People per House Seat
Ontario 13,119,251 38.73% 1,076,395 12.19 106 123,767
Quebec 7,856,881 23.19% 1,365,128 5.76 75 104,758
British Columbia 4,479,934 13.23% 925,186 4.84 36 124,443
Alberta 3,703,979 10.93% 642,317 5.77 28 132,285
Manitoba 1,226,196 3.62% 553,556 2.22 14 87,585
Saskatchewan 1,034,974 3.06% 591,670 1.75 14 73,927
Nova Scotia 940,397 2.78% 53,338 17.63 11 85,491
New Brunswick 750,457 2.22% 71,450 10.50 10 75,046
Newfoundland and Labrador 510,272 1.51% 373,872 1.36 7 72,896
Prince Edward Island 141,374 0.42% 5,660 24.98 4 35,344
Northwest Territories 43,244 0.13% 1,183,085 0.037 1 43,244
Yukon 33,963 0.10% 474,391 0.072 1 33,963
Nunavut 32,435 0.10% 1,936,113 0.017 1 32,435
Canada 33,873,357 100% 3.73 308 109,167

Sources: Statistics Canada

Median age

  • total: 39.5 years
    • male: 38.6 years
    • female: 40.4 years (2006)


Median age by province and territory, 2006 Census
  1. Nova Scotia
    Nova Scotia
    Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

    : 41.8
  2. Newfoundland and Labrador
    Newfoundland and Labrador
    Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...

    : 41.7
  3. New Brunswick
    New Brunswick
    New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

    : 41.5
  4. Quebec
    Quebec
    Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

    : 41.0
  5. British Columbia
    British Columbia
    British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

    : 40.8
  6. Prince Edward Island
    Prince Edward Island
    Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...

    : 40.8
  7. Ontario
    Ontario
    Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

    : 39.0
  8. Saskatchewan
    Saskatchewan
    Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

    : 38.7
  9. Yukon
    Yukon
    Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....

    : 38.4
  10. Manitoba
    Manitoba
    Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

    : 38.1
  11. Alberta
    Alberta
    Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

    : 36.0
  12. Northwest Territories
    Northwest Territories
    The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

    : 31.2
  13. Nunavut
    Nunavut
    Nunavut is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993...

    : 23.1

Total: 39.5
Sources: Statistics Canada

Population growth rates

According to OECD/World Bank the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4 % growth in population compared to 21.7 % growth in the USA
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and 31.2 % growth in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...

. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world population
World population
The world population is the total number of living humans on the planet Earth. As of today, it is estimated to be  billion by the United States Census Bureau...

 growth was 27 % and 1,423 million persons.
Rank Province or Territory 2006 pop. 2001 pop. Growth % Change Percentage of national pop.
1 Ontario 12,160,282 11,410,046 750,236 6.6 38.47%
2 Alberta 3,290,350 2,974,807 315,543 10.6 10.40%
3 Quebec 7,546,131 7,237,479 308,652 4.3 23.87%
4 British Columbia 4,113,487 3,907,738 205,749 5.3 13.01%
5 Manitoba 1,148,401 1,119,583 28,818 2.6 3.63%
6 Nova Scotia 913,462 908,007 5,455 0.6 2.89%
7 Northwest Territories 41,464 37,360 4,104 11.0 0.13%
8 Nunavut 29,474 26,745 2,729 10.2 0.09%
9 Yukon 30,372 28,674 1,698 5.9 0.09%
10 Prince Edward Island 135,851 135,294 557 0.4 0.43%
11 New Brunswick 729,997 729,498 499 0.1 2.31%
12 Newfoundland and Labrador 505,469 512,930 ' -1.5 1.60%
13 Saskatchewan 968,157 978,933 ' -1.1 2.96%
Total Canada 31,612,897 30,007,094 1,605,893 5.4 100.00%



Derived from: Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada is the Canadian federal government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. Its headquarters is in Ottawa....

 - (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 and 2001 Censuses - 100% Data

Last modified (by source): N/A

Compiled/added to Wikipedia: 2007-07-22

Vital statistics

Birth rate: 10.28 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate: 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Net migration rate: 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Sex ratio:
  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15 - 64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)


Infant mortality rate: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
  • total population: 81.23 years
  • male: 78.69 years
  • female: 83.91 years (2009 est.)


Age structure
  • 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836)
  • 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female 11,381,735)
  • 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2010 est.)


Total fertility rate: 1.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Population projection

US Census Bureau, 2010 est. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php :
  • 2020: 36,387,000
  • 2030: 38,565,000
  • 2040: 40,070,000
  • 2050: 41,136,000

United Nations, 2010 est. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/p2k0data.asp :
  • 2020: 37,163,000
  • 2030: 39,850,000
  • 2040: 41,882,000
  • 2050: 43,642,000
  • 2060: 45,101,000
  • 2070: 46,271,000
  • 2080: 47,206,000
  • 2090: 47,906,000
  • 2100: 48,290,000

Ethnic origin

Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnic origins in the 2006 census
Canada 2006 Census
The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The next census following will be the 2011 Census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897...

. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was 'Canadian'. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries.

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, approximately 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority
Visible minority
A visible minority is a person who is visibly not one of the majority race in a given population.The term is used as a demographic category by Statistics Canada in connection with that country's Employment Equity policies. The qualifier "visible" is important in the Canadian context where...

 groups will double,
and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.

Single responses: 18.40% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 13.82% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 4.38% of respondents gave a single response of English
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...

, 3.94% gave a single response of French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...

, 3.63% gave a single response of Chinese
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....

, 2.50% gave a single response of East Indian
Demographics of India
The demographics of India are inclusive of the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people , more than a sixth of the world's population. Already containing 17.5% of the world's population, India is projected to be the world's most populous country by 2025, surpassing...

, 2.37% gave a single response of Italian
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...

, 2.15% gave a single response of German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

, 1.82% gave a single response of Scottish
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

, 1.64% gave a single response of North American Indian
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

, 1.57% gave a single response of Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...

, and 1.03% gave a single response of Filipino
Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....

.

Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2006):
Data for ethnic origin was collected by self-declaration, labels may not necessarily describe the true ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries. Source: Additional data: % Population Area of largest proportion
Canadian 32.22% 10,066,290 Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

 (66.2%)
English
English Canadian
An English Canadian is a Canadian of English ancestry; it is used primarily in contrast with French Canadian. Canada is an officially bilingual state, with English and French official language communities. Immigrant cultural groups ostensibly integrate into one or both of these communities, but...

21.03% 6,570,015 Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...

 (43.2%)
French
French Canadian
French Canadian or Francophone Canadian, , generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France in the 17th and 18th centuries...

15.82% 4,941,210 Quebec (28.9%)
Scottish
Scottish Canadian
Scottish Canadians are people of Scottish descent or heritage living in Canada. As the third-largest ethnic group in Canada and among the first to settle in Canada, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times...

15.11% 4,719,850 Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...

 (40.5%)
Irish
Irish Canadian
Irish Canadian are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who originated in Ireland. 1.2 million Irish immigrants arrived, 1825 to 1970, at least half of those in the period from 1831-1850. By 1867, they were the second largest ethnic group , and comprised 24% of Canada's population...

13.94% 4,354,155 Prince Edward Island (29.2%)
German 10.18% 3,179,425 Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

 (30.0%)
Italian 4.63% 1,445,335 Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

 (7.2%)
Chinese
Chinese Canadian
Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent. They constitute the second-largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian Canadians...

4.31% 1,346,510 British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

 (10.6%)
North American Indian
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

4.01% 1,253,615 Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

 (36.5%)
Ukrainian
Ukrainian Canadian
A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. In 2006, there were an estimated 1,209,085 persons residing in Canada of Ukrainian origin, making them Canada's ninth largest ethnic group; and giving Canada the world's third-largest...

3.87% 1,209,085 Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

 (14.8%)
Dutch (Netherlands) 3.32% 1,035,965 Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

 (5.3%)
Polish
Polish Canadians
Polish Canadians are Citizens of Canada with Polish ancestry, and Poles who immigrated to Canada from abroad. According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 984,585 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry.-History:...

3.15% 984,565 Manitoba (7.3%)
East Indian
Indo-Canadians
Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to India. The terms East Indian and South Asian are used to distinguish people of ancestral origin from India, from the First Nations peoples of Canada who are often referred to as Indian, and from the people of the Caribbean, who are sometimes...

3.08% 962,665 British Columbia (5.7%)
Russian 1.60% 500,600 Manitoba (4.3%)
Welsh 1.41% 440,965 Yukon
Yukon
Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....

 (3.1%)
Filipino
Filipino Canadian
Filipino Canadians are Canadians of Filipino ancestry. Filipino-Canadians are the fourth-largest subgroup of the Overseas Filipinos.Canada only had a small population of Filipinos until the late 20th century. To date, there are currently around 400,000 Filipino Canadians in Canada, most of them...

1.40% 436,190 Manitoba (3.5%)
Norwegian
Norwegian Canadian
Norwegian Canadians are Canadians of Norwegian descent.There are approximately 1.2 million Canadians of Scandinavian descent living in Canada, representing around 3.9% of Canada’s population. In the Canada 2006 Census 432,515 Canadian residents claimed Norwegian ancestry, making up 1.4% of the...

1.38% 432,515 Saskatchewan (7.2%)
Portuguese
Portuguese Canadians
Portuguese Canadians are both Canadians born with Portuguese descent or citizenship or Portuguese born with Canadian descent or citizenship . According to StatCan, in 2006, there were 410,850 persons of Portuguese descent living in Canada, or 1.3% of the nation's total population...

1.32% 410,850 Ontario (2.4%)
Métis
Métis people (Canada)
The Métis are one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations parentage. The term was historically a catch-all describing the offspring of any such union, but within generations the culture syncretised into what is today a distinct aboriginal group, with...

1.31% 409,065 Northwest Territories (6.9%)
British, not included elsewhere
British Canadian
British Canadian refers to a link between Canada and the United Kingdom. It may refer to:*British-Canadian relations*English Canadian*Irish Canadian*Scottish Canadian*Canadians of Welsh descent...

1.29% 403,915 Yukon (2.3%)
Swedish 1.07% 334,765 Saskatchewan (3.5%)
Spanish 1.04% 325,730 British Columbia (1.3%)
American
Canadians of American origin
American-Canadians are people of Canadian citizenship who were born in the United States of America. They account for a significant portion of Canada's population. Canada and the United States share much culturally but are separate geopolitical entities in North America.According to the Canada 2006...

1.01% 316,350 Yukon (2.0%)
Hungarian (Magyar)
Hungarian Canadians
Hungarian-Canadians are persons in Canada of Hungarian ancestry. According to Canada 2001 Census, there are 315,510 Canadians of Hungarian ancestry. The Hungarian minority is the 23rd largest ethnic group of Canada...

1.01% 315,510 Saskatchewan (2.9%)
Jewish 1.01% 315,120 Ontario (1.5%)


Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:
2001 %
North American (non-aboriginal) 40.21%
British Isles 33.64%
French 15.89%
Western European 12.78%
Eastern European 8.50%
Southern European 7.87%
2001 %
East and Southeast Asian 6.03%
Aboriginal 4.45%
South Asian 3.25%
Northern European 3.22%
Caribbean 1.70%
Other European 1.28%
2001 %
Arab 1.17%
African 0.99%
Latin, Central and
South American
0.82%
West Asian 0.69%
Oceania 0.16%


Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030 in 2006) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada is the Canadian federal government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. Its headquarters is in Ottawa....

.

Visible minorities

For a definition see visible minority
Visible minority
A visible minority is a person who is visibly not one of the majority race in a given population.The term is used as a demographic category by Statistics Canada in connection with that country's Employment Equity policies. The qualifier "visible" is important in the Canadian context where...

.
Year 1996 1996% 2001 2001% 2006 2006%
South Asian 670,590 2.35% 917,070 3.09% 1,233,275 4.00%
Chinese 860,150 3.02% 1,029,395 3.47% 1,168,485 3.70%
Black 573,860 2.01% 662,215 2.23% 783,795 2.50%
Filipino 234,195 0.82% 308,575 1.04% 389,550 1.30%
Latin American 176,970 0.62% 304,245 1.00%
Arab 265,550 0.90%
Southeast Asian 172,765 0.61% 231,425 0.70%
West Asian 156,700 0.50%
Korean 64,835 0.23% 138,425 0.40%
Japanese 68,135 0.24% 98,900 0.32%
Multiple visible minorities 61,575 0.22% 104,215 0.30%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 69,745 0.24% 71,420 0.20%
Total visible minority population 3,197,480 11.21% 3,983,845 13.44% 5,068,095 16.20%
Non-Visible Minority Population 25,330,645 88.79% 25,655,185 86.56% 26,172,935 83.78%
Total Population 28,528,125 100.00% 29,639,030 100.00% 31,241,030 100.00%

Aboriginal status

The 2006 census counted a total Canadian Aboriginal
Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative....

 population of 1,172,790 (3.75%) which includes 698,025 First Nations
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

 (2.23%), 389,785 Métis
Métis people (Canada)
The Métis are one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations parentage. The term was historically a catch-all describing the offspring of any such union, but within generations the culture syncretised into what is today a distinct aboriginal group, with...

 (1.25%), and 50,480 Inuit
Inuit
The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada , Denmark , Russia and the United States . Inuit means “the people” in the Inuktitut language...

 (0.16%). Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030)
Province/Territory Number %
provincial
%
national
Indian
,(First Nations)
Métis Inuit Multiple Other
British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

 
196,075 4.8% 16.7% 129,575 59,445 795 1,655 4,605
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

 
188,365 5.8% 16.1% 97,280 85,495 1,605 1,220 2,760
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

 
141,890 14.9% 12.1% 91,400 48,115 220 625 1,530
Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

 
175,395 15.5% 15.0% 100,645 71,805 565 680 1,695
Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

 
242,495 2.0% 20.7% 158,400 73,610 2,040 1,910 6,540
Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

 
108,430 1.5% 9.2% 65,085 27,980 10,950 955 3,450
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

 
17,655 2.5% 1.5% 12,385 4,270 185 100 710
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

 
24,175 2.7% 2.1% 15,240 7,680 320 100 830
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...

 
1,730 1.3% 0.1% 1,230 385 30 10 75
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...

 
23,450 4.7% 2.0% 7,765 6,470 4,715 290 4,205
Yukon
Yukon
Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....

 
7,580 25.1% 0.6% 6,275 800 255 50 190
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

 
20,635 50.3% 1.8% 12,640 3,580 4,160 105 145
Nunavut
Nunavut
Nunavut is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993...

 
24,915 85.0% 2.1% 100 125 24,640 30 20
Canada 1,172,790 3.8% 100.0% 698,025 389,785 50,480 7,740 26,760
Sources: 2006 Census

Religions

Top Self-Identified Religious Affiliations in Canada
1991
number
1991
%
2001
number
2001
%
% change
(in numbers)
Christian 22,468,260 83 22,799,645 77 -1.5
- Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

 
12,335,255 45.7 12,936,905 43.6
4.8
- Protestant  9,427,675 34.9 8,654,850 29.2 -8.2
- United Church of Canada
United Church of Canada
The United Church of Canada is a Protestant Christian denomination in Canada. It is the largest Protestant church and, after the Roman Catholic Church, the second-largest Christian church in Canada...

3,093,120 11.3 2,839,125 9.5
- Anglican Church of Canada
Anglican Church of Canada
The Anglican Church of Canada is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French name is l'Église Anglicane du Canada. The ACC is the third largest church in Canada after the Roman Catholic Church and the United Church of Canada, consisting of 800,000 registered members...

2,188,110 8.0 2,035,495 6.8
- Lutheran
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...

636,205 2.3 606,590 2.0
- Presbyterian
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism refers to a number of Christian churches adhering to the Calvinist theological tradition within Protestantism, which are organized according to a characteristic Presbyterian polity. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures,...

636,295 2.3 409,830 1.4
- Pentecostal 436,435 1.6 369,475 1.2
- Mennonite
Mennonite
The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after the Frisian Menno Simons , who, through his writings, articulated and thereby formalized the teachings of earlier Swiss founders...

207,970 0.8 191,465 0.6
- Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual...

168,375 0.6 154,745 0.5
- Methodist 83,910 0.3 106,545 0.4
27.0
- Mormon
Mormon
The term Mormon most commonly denotes an adherent, practitioner, follower, or constituent of Mormonism, which is the largest branch of the Latter Day Saint movement in restorationist Christianity...

100,770 0.4 104,750 0.3
3.9
- Salvation Army
Salvation Army
The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church known for its thrift stores and charity work. It is an international movement that currently works in over a hundred countries....

112,345 0.4 87,785 0.3
- Christian Reformed Church in North America
Christian Reformed Church in North America
The Christian Reformed Church in North America is a Protestant Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed churches of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Gijsbert Haan and Dutch immigrants who left the Reformed Church in...

84,685 0.3 76,665 0.3
- Christian and Missionary Alliance
Christian and Missionary Alliance
The Christian and Missionary Alliance is an evangelical Protestant denomination within Christianity.Founded by Rev. Albert Benjamin Simpson in 1887, the Christian & Missionary Alliance did not start off as a denomination, but rather began as two distinct parachurch organizations: The Christian...

59,365 0.2 66,280 0.2
11.9
- Adventists 52,365 0.2 62,875 0.2
20.1
- Christian Orthodox
Orthodox Christianity
The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to:* the Eastern Orthodox Church and its various geographical subdivisions...

 
387,395 1.4 479,620 1.6
23.8
- Greek Orthodox 231,965 0.9 215,200 0.7 -7.1
- Christian, not included elsewhere¹ 353,040 1.3 780,450 2.6
121.1
Other 1,148,060 4.3 1,988,635 6.7 +73.2
- Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...

318,185 1.2 329,995 1.1
3.7
- Muslim
Islam
Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

253,265 0.9 579,640 2.0
128.9
- Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

163,415 0.6 300,345 1.0
83.8
- Hindu
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...

157,015 0.6 297,200 1.0
89.3
- Sikh
Sikhism
Sikhism is a monotheistic religion founded during the 15th century in the Punjab region, by Guru Nanak Dev and continued to progress with ten successive Sikh Gurus . It is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world and one of the fastest-growing...

147,440 0.5 278,410 0.9
88.8
No religion 3,397,000 12.6 4,900,095 16.5
44.2
¹ Includes persons who report only "Christian", only "Protestant", and those in denominations less than 60,000
* For comparability purposes, 1991 data are presented according to 2001 boundaries.


Note(s):
  • Catholic
    Catholic
    The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

    includes Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church
    Polish National Catholic Church
    The Polish National Catholic Church is a Christian church founded and based in the United States by Polish-Americans who were Roman Catholic. The PNCC is a breakaway Catholic Church in dialogue with the Catholic Church; it seeks full communion with the Holy See although it differs theologically...

    , and Old Catholic
  • Other Religions also includes Bahá'í Faith
    Bahá'í Faith
    The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories....

    , Eckankar
    Eckankar
    Eckankar is a new religious movement founded in the United States in 1965, though practiced around the world long before with a solid following in China. It focuses on spiritual exercises enabling practitioners to experience what its followers call "the Light and Sound of God." The personal...

    , Jainism
    Jainism
    Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state...

    , Shinto
    Shinto
    or Shintoism, also kami-no-michi, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past. Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written...

    , Taoism
    Taoism
    Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao , which is the mechanism of everything that exists...

    , Zoroastrianism
    Zoroastrianism
    Zoroastrianism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of prophet Zoroaster and was formerly among the world's largest religions. It was probably founded some time before the 6th century BCE in Greater Iran.In Zoroastrianism, the Creator Ahura Mazda is all good, and no evil...

    , Aboriginal belief systems
    Native American mythology
    Native American mythology is the body of traditional narratives associated with Native American religion from a mythographical perspective. Native American belief systems include many sacred narratives. Such spiritual stories are deeply based in Nature and are rich with the symbolism of seasons,...

    , Neo-Paganism, Wicca
    Wicca
    Wicca , is a modern Pagan religious movement. Developing in England in the first half of the 20th century, Wicca was popularised in the 1950s and early 1960s by a Wiccan High Priest named Gerald Gardner, who at the time called it the "witch cult" and "witchcraft," and its adherents "the Wica."...

    , Unity - New Thought - Pantheist, Scientology
    Scientology
    Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices created by science fiction and fantasy author L. Ron Hubbard , starting in 1952, as a successor to his earlier self-help system, Dianetics...

    , Rastafari movement
    Rastafari movement
    The Rastafari movement or Rasta is a new religious movement that arose in the 1930s in Jamaica, which at the time was a country with a predominantly Christian culture where 98% of the people were the black descendants of slaves. Its adherents worship Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia , as God...

    , New Age
    New Age
    The New Age movement is a Western spiritual movement that developed in the second half of the 20th century. Its central precepts have been described as "drawing on both Eastern and Western spiritual and metaphysical traditions and then infusing them with influences from self-help and motivational...

    , Gnostic, Satanism
    Satanism
    Satanism is a group of religions that is composed of a diverse number of ideological and philosophical beliefs and social phenomena. Their shared feature include symbolic association with, admiration for the character of, and even veneration of Satan or similar rebellious, promethean, and...

    , et cetera
  • No Religion includes Atheism
    Atheism
    Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...

    , Agnosticism
    Agnosticism
    Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....

    , Humanism
    Humanism
    Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, world view or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. In philosophy and social science, humanism is a perspective which affirms some notion of human nature, and is contrasted with anti-humanism....

    , et cetera


However, a more recent research in 2005 indicates that the non-religious group has risen significantly. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College
Pitzer College
Pitzer College is a private residential liberal arts college located in Claremont, California, a college town approximately east of downtown Los Angeles. Pitzer College is one of the Claremont Colleges....

 writes of several academic sources who have in recent years placed atheism rates in Canada between 19% and 30%.

Languages

Language used most often at work:
  • English
    English language
    English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

    : 78.3%
  • French
    French language
    French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

    : 21.7%
  • Non-official languages: 2.0%


Languages by mother tongue:
  • English
    English language
    English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

    : 58.2%
  • French
    French language
    French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

    : 21.7%
  • Non-official languages: 19.0%
  • Chinese
    Chinese language
    The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...

    : 3.1%
  • Italian
    Italian language
    Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

    : 1.4%
  • German
    German language
    German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

     1.2%
  • Spanish
    Spanish language
    Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

    : 1.2%
  • Punjabi: 1.1%
  • Tagalog
    Tagalog language
    Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...

    : 0.9%
  • Tamil
    Tamil language
    Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...

    : 0.8%
  • Malayalam
    Malayalam language
    Malayalam , is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people...

    : 0.7%
  • Gujarati
    Gujarati language
    Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...

    : 0.6%

Languages by language used most often at home
Home language
Following a widely accepted definition by Valdes , a heritage language is a language that is acquired by individuals raised in homes where the dominant language of the region, such as English in the United States, is not spoken or not exclusively spoken...

:
  • English
    English language
    English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

    : 67.1%
  • French
    French language
    French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

    : 21.5%
  • Non-official languages: 11.4%

Literacy

  • definition: age 15 and over can read and write

The literacy rate of Canada was 99% in 2003.

City populations

  • As of 2006, Canada's 13 largest cities (metro areas) have a combined population of 17,885,000
  • Canada has 100 cities with 45,000 inhabitants or more for a combined population of 20,687,000
  • Canada has 230 cities with 15,000 inhabitants or more

See also

  • 1666 census of New France
    1666 census of New France
    The 1666 census of New France was the first census conducted in Canada . It was organized by Jean Talon, the first Intendant of New France, between 1665 and 1666....

  • Canada 1911 Census
    Canada 1911 Census
    The Canada 1911 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. The census was started on June 1, 1911. All reports had been received by February 26, 1912. The total population count of Canada was 7,206,643...

  • Canada 1996 Census
    Canada 1996 Census
    The Canada 1996 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 14, 1996. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 28,846,761...

  • Canada 2001 Census
    Canada 2001 Census
    The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 15, 2001. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 30,007,094. This was a 4% increase over 1996 Census of 28,846,761. In...

  • Canada 2006 Census
    Canada 2006 Census
    The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The next census following will be the 2011 Census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897...

  • Places in Canada with notable demographic characteristics
    Places in Canada with notable demographic characteristics
    This is a list of census areas of demographic note in Canada. All data is from the Canada 2006 Census.-All census subdivisions:*Most populous municipality: Toronto, Ontario: 2,503,281*Highest % increase in population : Mystery Lake, Manitoba: 2840.0%...

  • Cahiers québécois de démographie
    Cahiers québécois de démographie
    The Cahiers québécois de démographie is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing original research in areas of demography, demographic analysis, and the demographics of Quebec and other populations....

    academic journal


Further reading



External links

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