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Dehydrogenation
 
 
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Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 (H2). It is the reverse process of hydrogenation
Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is the chemical reaction that results from the addition of hydrogen . The process is usually employed to a redox or Saturation organic compounds....
. Dehydrogenation reactions may be either large scale industrial processes or smaller scale laboratory procedures.

There are a variety of classes of dehydrogenations:






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Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 (H2). It is the reverse process of hydrogenation
Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is the chemical reaction that results from the addition of hydrogen . The process is usually employed to a redox or Saturation organic compounds....
. Dehydrogenation reactions may be either large scale industrial processes or smaller scale laboratory procedures.

There are a variety of classes of dehydrogenations:
  • Aromatization - Six-membered alicyclic
    Alicyclic compound

    An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both aliphatic and cyclic compound. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturation or unsaturated, but do not have aromaticity character....
     rings can be aromatized in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts, the elements sulfur
    Sulfur

    Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
     and selenium
    Selenium

    Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34, represented by the chemical symbol Se, an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, chemically related to sulfur and tellurium, and rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature....
    , or quinone
    Quinone

    Quinones are "compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic Diketone structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of ?CH= groups into ?C? groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds ."...
    s (such as DDQ).
  • Oxidation - The conversion of alcohol
    Alcohol

    In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
    s to ketone
    Ketone

    In organic chemistry, a ketone is a type of organic compound which contains a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms in the form:Neither of the substituents R1 and R2 may be equal to hydrogen ....
    s or aldehyde
    Aldehyde

    An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double bond to an oxygen atom , is called the aldehyde group....
    s can be effected by metal catalysts such as copper chromite. In the Oppenauer oxidation
    Oppenauer oxidation

    Oppenauer oxidation, named after Rupert Viktor Oppenauer , is a gentle method for organic oxidation secondary alcohols to ketones.The reaction is the opposite of Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction....
    , hydrogen is transferred from one alcohol to another to bring about the oxidation.
  • Dehydrogenation of amines - amine
    Amine

    Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
    s can be converted to nitrile
    Nitrile

    A nitrile is any organic compound which has a -Carbon=Nitrogen functional group. The -C=N functional group is called a nitrile group....
    s using a variety of reagent
    Reagent

    A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a chemical reaction. Solvents and catalysts, although they are involved in the reaction, are usually not referred to as reactants....
    s, such as IF5.
  • Dehydrogenation of paraffin
    Paraffin

    In chemistry, paraffin is the common name for the alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. Paraffin wax refers to the solids with n=20–40....
    s and olefins - paraffins like n-pentane
    Pentane

    Pentane is any or one of the organic compounds with the chemical formula C5H12. This alkane is a component of some fuels and is employed as a specialty solvent in the laboratory....
     and isopentane
    Isopentane

    Isopentane, carbonhydrogen, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely Volatility and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure....
     can be converted to pentene
    Pentene

    Pentene refers to all the alkenes with chemical formula 510 containing a single double bond within its molecular structure....
     and isoprene
    Isoprene

    Isoprene is a common synonym for the chemical compound 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. It is commonly used in industry, is an important biological material, and can be a harmful environmental pollutant and toxicant when present in excess quantities....
    .
Dehydrogenation converts saturated fats to unsaturated fats.

Enzymes that catalyze dehydrogenation are called dehydrogenase
Dehydrogenase

A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring one or more hydrides to an acceptor, usually Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/NADP or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN....
s.