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De re metallica

'De re metallica is a book cataloging the state of the art of mining Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable [i] mineral [i]s or other geological [i] materials f ... 

, refining, and smelting metals, published in 1556. The author was Georg Bauer, whose pen name was the latinized Georgius Agricola Georg Agricola

Georgius Agricola was a German [i] scholar and man of science. ... 

 . The book remained the authoritative text on mining for 250 years after its publication. Agricola had spent nine years in the Bohemian town of Joachimsthal Jáchymov

... 

, now in the Czech Republic Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , a member state of the European Union [i] , is a landlocked [i] country in Central Europe [i] ... 

. After Joachimsthal, he spent the rest of his life in Chemnitz Chemnitz

Chemnitz is a city in Saxony [i], Germany [i]. ... 

, a prominent mining town in what was then Saxony Saxony

The Free State of Saxony has a land area of 18,413 km and a population of 4.3 million, the tenth-larges... 

. Both Joachimsthal and Chemnitz are in the Erzgebirge, or Ore Mountains Ore Mountains

The Ore Mountains are a mountain range [i] in Germany [i] and the Czech Republic [i]. ... 

.

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De re metallica is a book cataloging the state of the art of mining Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable [i] mineral [i]s or other geological [i] materials f ... 

, refining, and smelting metals, published in 1556. The author was Georg Bauer, whose pen name was the latinized Georgius Agricola Georg Agricola

Georgius Agricola was a German [i] scholar and man of science. ... 

 . The book remained the authoritative text on mining for 250 years after its publication.

Agricola had spent nine years in the Bohemian town of Joachimsthal Jáchymov

... 

, now in the Czech Republic Czech Republic

The Czech Republic , a member state of the European Union [i] , is a landlocked [i] country in Central Europe [i] ... 

. After Joachimsthal, he spent the rest of his life in Chemnitz Chemnitz

Chemnitz is a city in Saxony [i], Germany [i]. ... 

, a prominent mining town in what was then Saxony Saxony

The Free State of Saxony has a land area of 18,413 km and a population of 4.3 million, the tenth-larges... 

. Both Joachimsthal and Chemnitz are in the Erzgebirge, or Ore Mountains Ore Mountains

The Ore Mountains are a mountain range [i] in Germany [i] and the Czech Republic [i]. ... 

.

One of the primary problems this book addressed was the removal of water in the mining. The limit Agricola documents for raising water from the mines via a pump Pump

This article is about the mechanical device.... 

 is 32 feet. It could then be dumped into another level and pumped from there. The investigation of this problem would spark a discussion of discovery of air pressure. Also included in this volume are discussions of geology Geology

Geology anetary geology]] [i] refers to the application of geologic principles to other bodies of the solar... 

 of ore bodies, surveying Surveying

Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional sp... 

, mine construction, and ventilation.

De Re Metallica was not limited to mining. It also covered assaying Assay

An assay is a procedure where the concentration [i] of a component part of a mixture [i] is determined.
... 

, refining, smelting, and marketing. It covered the creation of saltpetre, and the use of different acids in the refining process, as well as alchemy, timbering, and even some on the diseases of miners and smelters.

Although Agricola died in 1555, the publication was delayed until the completion of the extensive and detailed woodcuts Woodcut

A woodcut is a wooden printing surface used in woodblock printing [i], a method in which an image is car ... 

.

In 1912, the first English translation Translation

Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation [i] of the meaning [i] of a text in on ... 

 of De Re Metallica was privately published in London London

London is the capital [i] city of England [i] and of the United Kingdom [i]. ... 

 by subscription. The translators were Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover

[i] , was a successful [[mining engineer]... 

, a mining engineer , and his wife, Lou Henry Hoover Lou Henry Hoover

Louise "Lou" Henry Hoover was the wife of President Herbert Hoover [i] and First Lady of the United States [i] ... 

, a geologist and Latinist. The translation is notable not only for its clarity of language, but for the extensive footnotes, which detail the history of mining law in England, France, and the Germanies; mining safety, including historical safety; and known minerals Mineral

Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological [i] processes. ... 

 at the time that Agricola wrote De Re Metallica.

Subsequent translations into other languages, including German, owe much to the Hoover translations, as their footnotes detail their difficulties with Agricola's baroque Baroque

In the arts [i], Baroque is both a period and the style that dominated it. ... 

 vocabulary.

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