Dayaram
Encyclopedia
Dayaram (1777–1853) was a Gujarati
poet. He belongs to middle age or " Madhya-kal " in Gujarati literature
.
He was known for his literary form called " Garbi " in Gujarat.He was a follower of Pushtimarg
of Hindu religion.
Dayaram, along with Narsinh Mehta
and Meera
, is considered as major contributor in Bhakti-kal in Gujarati literature.
But unfortunately at a very young age he lost both his parents, and the destitute Dayaram had to live with his cousin and uncle consecutively. Dayaram thus studied in the small village school. A little of Sanskrit that he learnt was from his own father, however Dayaram had an excellent voice, a gods gift. Dayaram had an attractive personality but was also well known for his temperament and over scrupulous behavior. At the age of 13 years, the deep rooted ‘Vaishnav’ impressions motivated Dayaram to create 66 lines ‘Paad’ in the raag ‘Dhaval Dhanashri.’
Dayaram did not marry, but considered himself married to ‘Krishna-Bhakti’ and called him self as ‘Daya-Sakhi’ and devoted his whole life in ‘Krishna-Bhakti’. However in the late years of the poets life, he came in contact with a widow named ‘Ratan Sonaran’ who became his disciple and looked after him till his death.
His life and literature were also greatly influenced by his pilgrimages all over India and from the major guidance of Shri Iccharam Bhatt. Meeting people of different states-enriched him with various languages and he became proficient in Punjabi, Rajasthani, Urdu, Marathi and Vraj. In one of his poetry Creations he has used 12 languages! Dayaram was also greatly interested in music, he was through in his knowledge of ‘Haveli Sangeet’, and he could also play various instruments. Dayaram’s devotional music was immensely popular and people came from all over, to listen to it.
In the year 1898, after a pilgrimage to Shreenathji the poet fell critically ill, this became his last tour. It was as if the poet knew that his end was coming and he told all his followers not to mourn after him but to celebrate…….This sensitive poet expired in 1853 in Dabhoi.
" in Gujarat.So he gave many Garbi describing Krishna
as human-being.
Although Dayaram has written in prose a major chunk of his published work is in poetry. The total number of his creations is not known and is still under debate. There are various opinions of Scholars. Kavi Narmad writes; with confirmation with Dayaram’s chief disciple Ranchod , that the poet has written 38 Gujarati books and 37 Hindustani books, where as one other scholar states that the total number of books is 87, where as some others believe that the total Number of the poets creation is almost one and a half lakhs ; where as some believe that he has written 48 books in Gujarati,41 in ‘Vraj’ plus 7000 more in ‘gujarati’,12,000 in ‘Vraj’,200 in Marathi,24 in Punjabi,15 in Sanskrit and 75 in Urdu etc.
Hence such wide writings are impossible to mention here, however they can be roughly divided into 14 parts.
Some of his most famous works are:
(A) Creations pertaining to Vallabh sampraday of Shrimad Vallabhacharya (known as Mahaprabhuji.)
Vallabh Parivar
Choryashi Vaishnav Nu Dhol
Bhaktiposhan
Rasik Vallabh
Saat Saiya (Hindi)
(B) Pouranik Aakhiyano
1. Aajamilaakhyan
2. Vakatraasurakhyan
3. Satyabhamaakhyan
4. Okha haran
5. Dashamheela
6. Raas Panchadhyayi
(C) Prakeernasarjan
(D) Garbi Sangraha
Apart from the above below are a few more of his creations (These do not Include his Garba-Garbi)
. He was expert in playing many musical instruments.
He was also knowing many Indian languages. It is believed that he has written 48 books in Gujarati
,41 in ‘Vraj’ plus 7000 more in ‘gujarati’,12,000 in ‘Vraj’,200 in Marathi
,24 in Punjabi
,15 in Sanskrit
and 75 in Urdu
etc.
Gujarati people
Gujarati people , or Gujaratis are an ethnic group that is traditionally Gujarati-speaking and can trace their ancestry to the state of Gujarat in western India...
poet. He belongs to middle age or " Madhya-kal " in Gujarati literature
Gujarati literature
The history of Gujarati literature may be traced to 1000 AD, and this literature has flourished since then to the present. It is unique in having almost no patronage from a ruling dynasty, other than its composers...
.
He was known for his literary form called " Garbi " in Gujarat.He was a follower of Pushtimarg
Pushtimarg
Pushtimarg is a sect of the Hindu religion, founded by Shrimad Vallabhacharya around 1500 AD.Shri Vallabhacharya is one of the five main Acharyas of the Hindu Religion...
of Hindu religion.
Dayaram, along with Narsinh Mehta
Narsinh Mehta
Narsinh Mehta also known as Narsi Mehta or Narsi Bhagat was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, and a member of the Nagar Brahmins community, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Hindu devotional religious poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature, where he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi...
and Meera
Meera
Meerabai was an aristocratic Hindu mystical singer and devotee of Lord Krishna from Rajasthan and one of the most significant figures of the Sant tradition of the Vaishnava bhakti movement...
, is considered as major contributor in Bhakti-kal in Gujarati literature.
Life
Dayaram was born in Chanod in 1777 . By caste this Nagar-Brahmin family’s deity was ‘Hatakeshwar Mahadev’but the family had adapted‘Pushtimarg Sampraday’. Goswami Shri Devkinandanji gave him ‘Mantra daan’and at the age of 8 years he was given his ‘Yagno Paveet Sanskar’.But unfortunately at a very young age he lost both his parents, and the destitute Dayaram had to live with his cousin and uncle consecutively. Dayaram thus studied in the small village school. A little of Sanskrit that he learnt was from his own father, however Dayaram had an excellent voice, a gods gift. Dayaram had an attractive personality but was also well known for his temperament and over scrupulous behavior. At the age of 13 years, the deep rooted ‘Vaishnav’ impressions motivated Dayaram to create 66 lines ‘Paad’ in the raag ‘Dhaval Dhanashri.’
Dayaram did not marry, but considered himself married to ‘Krishna-Bhakti’ and called him self as ‘Daya-Sakhi’ and devoted his whole life in ‘Krishna-Bhakti’. However in the late years of the poets life, he came in contact with a widow named ‘Ratan Sonaran’ who became his disciple and looked after him till his death.
His life and literature were also greatly influenced by his pilgrimages all over India and from the major guidance of Shri Iccharam Bhatt. Meeting people of different states-enriched him with various languages and he became proficient in Punjabi, Rajasthani, Urdu, Marathi and Vraj. In one of his poetry Creations he has used 12 languages! Dayaram was also greatly interested in music, he was through in his knowledge of ‘Haveli Sangeet’, and he could also play various instruments. Dayaram’s devotional music was immensely popular and people came from all over, to listen to it.
In the year 1898, after a pilgrimage to Shreenathji the poet fell critically ill, this became his last tour. It was as if the poet knew that his end was coming and he told all his followers not to mourn after him but to celebrate…….This sensitive poet expired in 1853 in Dabhoi.
Contribution
Dayaram was follower of "Sagun Bhakti movementBhakti movement
The Bhakti movement is a Hindu religious movement in which the main spiritual practice is loving devotion among the Shaivite and Vaishnava saints. The Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu and began to spread to the north during the late medieval ages when north India was under Islamic...
" in Gujarat.So he gave many Garbi describing Krishna
Krishna
Krishna is a central figure of Hinduism and is traditionally attributed the authorship of the Bhagavad Gita. He is the supreme Being and considered in some monotheistic traditions as an Avatar of Vishnu...
as human-being.
Although Dayaram has written in prose a major chunk of his published work is in poetry. The total number of his creations is not known and is still under debate. There are various opinions of Scholars. Kavi Narmad writes; with confirmation with Dayaram’s chief disciple Ranchod , that the poet has written 38 Gujarati books and 37 Hindustani books, where as one other scholar states that the total number of books is 87, where as some others believe that the total Number of the poets creation is almost one and a half lakhs ; where as some believe that he has written 48 books in Gujarati,41 in ‘Vraj’ plus 7000 more in ‘gujarati’,12,000 in ‘Vraj’,200 in Marathi,24 in Punjabi,15 in Sanskrit and 75 in Urdu etc.
Hence such wide writings are impossible to mention here, however they can be roughly divided into 14 parts.
- ‘Shikshatmak
- Siddhantmak
- Bhavatmak
- Namatmak
- Aakhyanatmak
- Varnatmak
- Shuddha Kavyatmak
- Prameyatmak
- Rahasyatmak
- Prakeerna
- Anuvaado
- Gadya
- Stotratmak
- Lakshanatmak
Some of his most famous works are:
(A) Creations pertaining to Vallabh sampraday of Shrimad Vallabhacharya (known as Mahaprabhuji.)
Vallabh Parivar
Choryashi Vaishnav Nu Dhol
Bhaktiposhan
Rasik Vallabh
Saat Saiya (Hindi)
(B) Pouranik Aakhiyano
1. Aajamilaakhyan
2. Vakatraasurakhyan
3. Satyabhamaakhyan
4. Okha haran
5. Dashamheela
6. Raas Panchadhyayi
(C) Prakeernasarjan
- Narsinh Mehta Ni Hundi
- Shadarutuvarnan
- Neetibhakti Na Pado
(D) Garbi Sangraha
- Dayaram Raas-Sudha
Apart from the above below are a few more of his creations (These do not Include his Garba-Garbi)
- Aakalcharitrachandrika
- Anubhavmanjari
- Aaparadhkshama Stotra
- Aashbhapatrani No Vivah
- Aashtottar Shaat Krushna Maala
- Aloukik Nayak Nayika Bhed Prakran
- Kamal Leela
- KaalGnanSaransh
- Kunwarbai Nu Mameru
- Koutuk Ratnavalli
- Krishna Virah Na baar Maas
- KaaleshKuthar
- GuruShishya Samvad
- GuruSataKhyan
- ChaaturchittaVilaas
- ChintaChurnika
- Chovees Aavtaar Nu Dhol
- TatvaPrabandh
- DharmaNeetisaar
- NaagnaJeetiVivah
- NaamPrabhavBatrishi
- NissaDhanta
- Patra Leela
- Pingal Saar
- PushtiPathRahasya
- PushtiPaathSaarmanidam
- PushtiRoopMaalika
- Prabhandh
- PrabodhBaavni
- PrashnottarMalika
- PrashnottarMala
- Prashnottari
- PremBhakti
- PremraasGeeta
- BaassoBaavan Vaishnav Nu Dhol
- Baal Leela
- BrahmanBhaktVeevad
- BhaktaVel
- BhaktiPoshan
- BhaktiVeedhan
- Bhagwad Geeta Mahatmaya
- BhagwataNuKramanika
- Maanprabodh No Kakko
- MaanMatiSamvad
- MeeraCharitra
- MurliLeela
- MurkhaLakshanaValli
- RasikRanjan
- Rasik Vallabh
- Rasiyaji Na Maheena
- RukmaniVivah
- RukmaniSeemant
- Roop Leela
- VastuVrundDeepika
- VinayBatrishi
- VignaptiVilas
- Vrutasur Nu Aakhyan
- Vrundavan Vilas
- Shree Krishna Akaal Charitra Chandrika
- Shree Krishna Ashtottar Shaat Naam Chintamani
- Shree Krishna Upreet
- Shree Krishna Naam Chintamani
- Shree Krishna Naam Chintamani Maala
- Shree Krishna Naam Maahat Maya Manjari
- Shree Krishna NaamAmrutDhara
- Shree KrishnaNaamaMrutDhvani
- Shree Krishna StavanChandrika
- Shree Krishna StavanManjari
- Shree Krishna Stavan Maadhuri
- Shree Krishna StavanaMrut
- Shree DushMaskandh Leela Nu Kramanika
- Shree Purushottam Panchaang
- ShreeMad Bhagwad Geeta
- ShreeMad Bhagwad Geeta Mahatmaya
- Shree Vishnu Swami Ni Parchari
- Shree SheShshayee Nu Dhol
- Shaad Rutuvarnan
- Saat Saiya
- SampradaySaar
- SaarShiksha
- SaaraVali
- Siddhant Saar
- Hanuman Garud Samvad
- Haridas Mani Mala
- Hari Heeradi SwarupTaarat Maya
Other activity
Dayaran was trained musicianMusician
A musician is an artist who plays a musical instrument. It may or may not be the person's profession. Musicians can be classified by their roles in performing music and writing music.Also....* A person who makes music a profession....
. He was expert in playing many musical instruments.
He was also knowing many Indian languages. It is believed that he has written 48 books in Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...
,41 in ‘Vraj’ plus 7000 more in ‘gujarati’,12,000 in ‘Vraj’,200 in Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
,24 in Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
,15 in Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
and 75 in Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
etc.