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The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois is a former province
Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the d?partement in France system superseded provinces....
 in southeastern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, roughly corresponding to the present department
Départements of France

In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies, a department is an administrative division roughly analogous to an Districts of England, a Counties of the United States or a Regions and districts of Scotland....
s of the Isère
Isère

Is?re is a departments of France, in the Rh?ne-Alpes regions of France in the east of France named after the Is?re River....
, Drôme
Drôme

Dr?me is a Departments of France in southeastern France named after the Dr?me River....
, and Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes

Hautes-Alpes is a departments of France in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range....
. The historical capital is Grenoble
Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac River joins the Is?re River.Located in the Rh?ne-Alpes regions of France, Grenoble is the capital of the Departments of France of Is?re....
 and the main towns Vienne, Valence, Die, Gap and Briançon.

Le Dauphiné Libéré
Dauphiné Libéré

The Crit?rium du Dauphin? Lib?r? is an annual cycling road bicycle racing, run over eight stages in the Dauphin? region in France during the first half of June....
 is a famous regional French newspaper
Newspaper

A newspaper is a publication containing news, information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on Politics, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports....
, and organizes the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré cycle stage race.

area of the future Dauphiné was inhabited by the Allobroges
Allobroges

The Allobroges were a warlike Celts tribe in Gaul located between the Rh?ne River and the Lake of Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphin?, and Vivarais....
 and other Gaulish
Gauls

The Gauls were a Continental Celtic Celts people of Classical Antiquity, the inhabitants of Gaul , and speakers of the Gaulish language.Archaeologically, they were the bearers of the La T?ne culture ....
 tribes in ancient times.

After the end of the Western Roman Empire
Western Roman Empire

The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire....
, it slowly acquired independence as a sovereign mountain principality within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
.

In the 12th century, the local ruler Count Guy IV of Albon (c.1095-1142) had a dolphin
Dolphin

File:Bottlenose_Dolphin_KSC04pd0178.jpgDolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genus....
 on his coat of arms
Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
 and was nicknamed le Dauphin (French for dolphin).






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Encyclopedia


The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois is a former province
Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the d?partement in France system superseded provinces....
 in southeastern France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, roughly corresponding to the present department
Départements of France

In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies, a department is an administrative division roughly analogous to an Districts of England, a Counties of the United States or a Regions and districts of Scotland....
s of the Isère
Isère

Is?re is a departments of France, in the Rh?ne-Alpes regions of France in the east of France named after the Is?re River....
, Drôme
Drôme

Dr?me is a Departments of France in southeastern France named after the Dr?me River....
, and Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes

Hautes-Alpes is a departments of France in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range....
. The historical capital is Grenoble
Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac River joins the Is?re River.Located in the Rh?ne-Alpes regions of France, Grenoble is the capital of the Departments of France of Is?re....
 and the main towns Vienne, Valence, Die, Gap and Briançon.

Le Dauphiné Libéré
Dauphiné Libéré

The Crit?rium du Dauphin? Lib?r? is an annual cycling road bicycle racing, run over eight stages in the Dauphin? region in France during the first half of June....
 is a famous regional French newspaper
Newspaper

A newspaper is a publication containing news, information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on Politics, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports....
, and organizes the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré cycle stage race.

History

The area of the future Dauphiné was inhabited by the Allobroges
Allobroges

The Allobroges were a warlike Celts tribe in Gaul located between the Rh?ne River and the Lake of Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphin?, and Vivarais....
 and other Gaulish
Gauls

The Gauls were a Continental Celtic Celts people of Classical Antiquity, the inhabitants of Gaul , and speakers of the Gaulish language.Archaeologically, they were the bearers of the La T?ne culture ....
 tribes in ancient times.

After the end of the Western Roman Empire
Western Roman Empire

The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285; the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, today widely known as the Byzantine Empire....
, it slowly acquired independence as a sovereign mountain principality within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
.

In the 12th century, the local ruler Count Guy IV of Albon (c.1095-1142) had a dolphin
Dolphin

File:Bottlenose_Dolphin_KSC04pd0178.jpgDolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genus....
 on his coat of arms
Coat of arms

A coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways....
 and was nicknamed le Dauphin (French for dolphin). His descendants changed their title from Count of Albon to Dauphin of Viennois, after their family seat in Vienne
Vienne, Isère

Vienne is a Communes of France in southeastern France, located 20 miles south of Lyon, on the Rh?ne River. It is the second largest city after Grenoble in the Is?re department in France, of which it is a Subprefectures in France....
. The ruler was known by this title until 1349, when the heirless Humbert II of Viennois
Humbert II of Viennois

Humbert II de la Tour-du-Pin was the Dauphin de Viennois from 1333 to 16 July 1349. He was a son of the John II, Dauphin of Vienne and Beatrice of Hungary....
 sold his lordship to King Philippe VI
Philip VI of France

Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
 by the terms of the treaty of Romans, negotiated by his protonotary, Amblard de Beaumont. A major condition was that the heir to the throne of France would be known as le Dauphin, which was the case from that time until the revolution; the first Dauphin de France was Philippe's grandson, the future Charles V of France
Charles V of France

Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
. The title also conferred an appanage
Appanage

An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate, titles, offices, or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign, who under the system of primogeniture would otherwise have no inheritance....
 on the region. Louis XI was the only king of France to reside in the Dauphiné for any length of time. Humbert's agreement further stipulated that the Dauphiné would be exempted from many taxes and imposts; this statute was the subject of much subsequent parliamentary debate at the regional level, as local leaders sought to defend this regional autonomy and privilege from the state's assaults. During World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, it was the seat of strong partisan
Maquis (World War II)

The Maquis were the predominantly rural guerrilla warfare bands of the French Resistance. Initially they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire to provide Forced labor in Germany during World War II....
 activity.

Further reading

  • Pfeiffer, Thomas, Le Brûleur de loups, Lyon, Bellier, 2004.


See also

  • Dauphiné Alps
    Dauphiné Alps

    The Dauphin? Alps are a group of mountain ranges in southeastern France, west of the main chain of the Alps. They are separated from the Cottian Alps in the east by the Col du Galibier and the upper Durance valley; from the western Graian Alps in the north-east by the river Arc ; from the lower ranges Vercors Plateau and Chartreuse Mountain...
  • Franco-Provençal language
    Franco-Provençal language

    Franco-Proven?al or Arpitan is a Romance languages with several distinct dialects that form a linguistic sub-group separate from O?l languages and Occitan language....
  • Vivaro-Alpine
    Vivaro-Alpine

    Vivaro-Alpine or Vivaroalpenc, Vivaroaupenc is the northeastern dialect of the Occitan language. It belongs to the Northern Occitan dialectal group....