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DEA (former French degree)

 

 
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DEA (former French degree)
 
 
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A Master of Advanced Studies (MAS) is a graduate degree in various countries.

French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 diplôme d'études approfondies (DEA) and diplôme d'études superieures spécialisées (DESS) are former postgraduate degrees
Academic degree

A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as University, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study....
.

The DEA was generally considered the Master's degree
Master's degree

A master's degree provides a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of profession. Within the area studied, graduates possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theory and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, Critical thinking and/or professional application; and the ability to problem solving a...
 in the French-speaking countries and it was sometimes referred to as a "first doctoral diploma".
In France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 the DEA was a 1-2 years degree taken after a maîtrise (4-years French master's degree) and was prior to entering a doctoral program.






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A Master of Advanced Studies (MAS) is a graduate degree in various countries.

French DEA and DESS

The French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 diplôme d'études approfondies (DEA) and diplôme d'études superieures spécialisées (DESS) are former postgraduate degrees
Academic degree

A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as University, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study....
.

The DEA was generally considered the Master's degree
Master's degree

A master's degree provides a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of profession. Within the area studied, graduates possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theory and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, Critical thinking and/or professional application; and the ability to problem solving a...
 in the French-speaking countries and it was sometimes referred to as a "first doctoral diploma".
In France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 the DEA was a 1-2 years degree taken after a maîtrise (4-years French master's degree) and was prior to entering a doctoral program. It was generally equivalent to the North American "All But Dissertation" or ABD
Candidate of Philosophy

Candidate of Philosophy is any of the following academic degrees: a Bachelor's level, Master's level, higher than Master's level, or Doctorate level degree, depending on the country....
 status within a doctoral program or a Master of Philosophy
Master of Philosophy

The Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate research degree requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy or Engineering Doctorate , greater than the Bachelor of Philosophy , and is of greater scope than the Master of Arts and Master of Science degrees....
 (M.Phil.) or Master of Research (M.Res.) degree. But in the French-speaking universities in Switzerland
Switzerland

Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
 the DEA was equivalent to the Master's degree
Master's degree

A master's degree provides a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of profession. Within the area studied, graduates possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theory and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, Critical thinking and/or professional application; and the ability to problem solving a...
 in the Anglo-Saxon
Anglosphere

The word Anglosphere describes a concept of a group of anglophone nations which share historical, political, and cultural characteristics rooted in or attributed to the historical experience of the United Kingdom....
 countries, and it was a 1-2 years degree taken after a Licence
Licentiate

Licentiate is the title of a person who holds an academic degree called a license. This degree exists in various African, Asian, European and Latin American countries but can represent different educational levels....
 (4 years Swiss undergraduate degree).

The DEA and DESS exist in many places which apply the French university style and sometimes with some minor differences such as Quebec
Quebec

Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
, Belgium
Belgium

* A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
, Luxembourg
Luxembourg

Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany....
, Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
, Algeria
Algeria

Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....
, Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
, Lebanon
Lebanon

Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
, Tunisia
Tunisia

Tunisia , officially the Tunisian Republic , is a country located in North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast....
 and most Francophone
Francophone

The adjective francophone means French language-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
 countries.

It generally consisted of a number of courses, with examinations and grades, followed by research in a scientific laboratory. The students would then write a substantial thesis
Thesis

A dissertation is a document that presents the author's research and findings and is submitted in support of candidature for a degree or professional qualification....
 about the scientific work they did, and defend this thesis in front of a committee. In Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, the DEA's degrees are progressively subsumed into the Bologna process
Bologna process

The purpose of the Bologna process is to create the European higher education area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention....
 Master's degree
Master's degree

A master's degree provides a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of profession. Within the area studied, graduates possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theory and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, Critical thinking and/or professional application; and the ability to problem solving a...
s and research-oriented (Master of Advanced Studies).

Diploma de Estudios Avanzados

This degree also exists in Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 under the name "Diploma de Estudios Avanzados" or "DEA" where it is a graduate degree roughly equivalent to a Master of Philosophy
Master of Philosophy

The Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate research degree requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy or Engineering Doctorate , greater than the Bachelor of Philosophy , and is of greater scope than the Master of Arts and Master of Science degrees....
 or Master of Studies
Master of Studies

The Master of Studies is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom and by the University of Dublin in Ireland....
.