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Cyclic compound
 
 
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In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, a cyclic compound is a compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 in which a series of carbon atoms are connected to form a loop or ring. Benzene
Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
 is a well known example. The term "polycyclic" is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene
Naphthalene

Naphthalene, also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, tar camphor, white tar, albocarbon, or antimite and not to be confused with naphtha, is a crystalline, Aromaticity, white, solid hydrocarbon with formula Carbon10hydrogen8 and the structure of two fused benzene rings....
, and the term macrocycle
Macrocycle

A macrocycle is, as defined by IUPAC, "a cyclic macromolecule or a macromolecular cyclic portion of a molecule." In the chemical literature, organic chemists may consider any molecule containing a ring of more than nine, or any arbitrarily large number of atoms to be macrocyclic....
 is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms.

Cyclic compounds can be categorized:






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In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, a cyclic compound is a compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 in which a series of carbon atoms are connected to form a loop or ring. Benzene
Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
 is a well known example. The term "polycyclic" is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene
Naphthalene

Naphthalene, also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, tar camphor, white tar, albocarbon, or antimite and not to be confused with naphtha, is a crystalline, Aromaticity, white, solid hydrocarbon with formula Carbon10hydrogen8 and the structure of two fused benzene rings....
, and the term macrocycle
Macrocycle

A macrocycle is, as defined by IUPAC, "a cyclic macromolecule or a macromolecular cyclic portion of a molecule." In the chemical literature, organic chemists may consider any molecule containing a ring of more than nine, or any arbitrarily large number of atoms to be macrocyclic....
 is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms.

Cyclic compounds can be categorized:
  • Alicyclic compound
    Alicyclic compound

    An alicyclic compound is an organic compound that is both aliphatic and cyclic compound. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturation or unsaturated, but do not have aromaticity character....
    • Cycloalkane
      Cycloalkane

      Cycloalkanes are types of alkanes which have one or more rings of carbon atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules. Alkanes are types of Organic compound hydrocarbon Chemical compound which have only single chemical bonds in their chemical structure....
    • Cycloalkene
      Cycloalkene

      A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromaticity character....
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon
    Aromatic hydrocarbon

    An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene is a hydrocarbon, of which the molecular structure incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds....
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
      Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

      Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic simple aromatic ring and do not contain heteroatoms or carry substituents....
  • Heterocyclic compound
    Heterocyclic compound

    Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure....
  • Macrocycle
    Macrocycle

    A macrocycle is, as defined by IUPAC, "a cyclic macromolecule or a macromolecular cyclic portion of a molecule." In the chemical literature, organic chemists may consider any molecule containing a ring of more than nine, or any arbitrarily large number of atoms to be macrocyclic....


Ring-closing & opening reactions

Dieckmann Condensation Scheme
Related concepts in organic chemistry are so-called ring-closing reactions in which a cyclic compound is formed and ring-opening reactions in which rings are opened.

Examples of ring-closing reactions:
  • Ring-closing metathesis
    Ring-closing metathesis

    Ring-closing metathesis or RCM is a variation on olefin metathesis that allows the ring-closing reaction of previously hard to make rings ....
  • Nazarov cyclization reaction
    Nazarov cyclization reaction

    A Nazarov cyclization is an organic reaction converting a enone into a Cyclopentanone under the influence of a Br?nsted acid such as sulfuric acid or a Lewis acid such aluminium chloride ....
  • Ruzicka large ring synthesis
    Ruzicka large ring synthesis

    The Ruzicka large ring synthesis or Ruzicka reaction or Ruzicka cyclization is an organic reaction in which a dicarboxylic acid is converted to a cyclic ketone at high temperature and a suitable catalyst such as thorium oxide....
  • Dieckmann condensation
    Dieckmann condensation

    The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give ?-ketoesters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann ....
  • Wenker synthesis
    Wenker synthesis

    The Wenker synthesis is an organic reaction converting a beta amino alcohol to an aziridine with the aid of sulfuric acid.The original Wenker synthesis of aziridine itself takes place in two steps....
Example of ring-opening reactions:
  • A general type of polymerization reaction: Ring-opening polymerization
    Ring-opening polymerization

    In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization is a form of addition polymerization, in which the terminal end of a polymer acts as a reactive center, where further cyclic compound join to form a larger polymer chain through ionic propagation....
  • Ring opening metathesis polymerisation
    Ring opening metathesis polymerisation

    Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a type of olefin metathesis polymerization that produces industrially important products. The driving force of the reaction is relief of Strain in cyclic olefins and a wide variety of catalysts have been discovered....


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