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Culinary name
 
 
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Culinary names, menu names, or kitchen names are names of foods used in the preparation or selling of food, as opposed to their names in agriculture
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 or in scientific nomenclature
Nomenclature

Nomenclature can refer to a system of names or terms, or the rules used for forming the names, as used by an individual or community, especially those used in a particular science or art....
. The menu name may even be different from the kitchen name. For example, from the 19th until the mid-20th century, many restaurant menus were written in French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 and not in the local language.

Examples include veal
Veal

Veal is the meat of calves . Though veal can be produced from any calf, most veal comes from male calves of dairy cattle breeds. Compared to other meats, veal has a delicate taste and tender texture....
 (calf
Calf

File:New Forest calf.jpgA calf is the young of various species of mammal. The term is most commonly used to refer to the young of cattle. The young of bison, camels, dolphins, elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, moose, rhinoceroses, whales, seals and yaks are also called calves....
), calamari (squid
Squid

Squid are marine cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species. Like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, Symmetry #Bilateral_symmetry, a mantle , and cephalopod arms....
), scampi
Scampi

Scampi is a culinary name for some species of lobster, notably the 'true' scampi Nephrops norvegicus, and is also used as a name for a style of preparation of these lobsters and other seafood....
 (Italian-American
Italian-American cuisine

Italian-American cuisine is the cuisine of Italian-American immigrants and their descendents, who have modified Italian cuisine under the influence of American culture and immigration patterns of Italians to the United States....
 name for shrimp
Shrimp

Shrimp are swimming, Decapoda crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh water and seawater. Adult shrimp are Filter feeder benthic animals living close to the bottom....
), and sweetbread
Sweetbread

File:Sweetbreads.jpgSweetbreads are the thymuss and pancreas glands of lamb and mutton, beef, or pork. There are two different connected parts to the thymus gland, both set in the neck....
s (pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
 or thymus gland).






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Culinary names, menu names, or kitchen names are names of foods used in the preparation or selling of food, as opposed to their names in agriculture
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 or in scientific nomenclature
Nomenclature

Nomenclature can refer to a system of names or terms, or the rules used for forming the names, as used by an individual or community, especially those used in a particular science or art....
. The menu name may even be different from the kitchen name. For example, from the 19th until the mid-20th century, many restaurant menus were written in French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
 and not in the local language.

Examples include veal
Veal

Veal is the meat of calves . Though veal can be produced from any calf, most veal comes from male calves of dairy cattle breeds. Compared to other meats, veal has a delicate taste and tender texture....
 (calf
Calf

File:New Forest calf.jpgA calf is the young of various species of mammal. The term is most commonly used to refer to the young of cattle. The young of bison, camels, dolphins, elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, moose, rhinoceroses, whales, seals and yaks are also called calves....
), calamari (squid
Squid

Squid are marine cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species. Like all other cephalopods, squid have a distinct head, Symmetry #Bilateral_symmetry, a mantle , and cephalopod arms....
), scampi
Scampi

Scampi is a culinary name for some species of lobster, notably the 'true' scampi Nephrops norvegicus, and is also used as a name for a style of preparation of these lobsters and other seafood....
 (Italian-American
Italian-American cuisine

Italian-American cuisine is the cuisine of Italian-American immigrants and their descendents, who have modified Italian cuisine under the influence of American culture and immigration patterns of Italians to the United States....
 name for shrimp
Shrimp

Shrimp are swimming, Decapoda crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh water and seawater. Adult shrimp are Filter feeder benthic animals living close to the bottom....
), and sweetbread
Sweetbread

File:Sweetbreads.jpgSweetbreads are the thymuss and pancreas glands of lamb and mutton, beef, or pork. There are two different connected parts to the thymus gland, both set in the neck....
s (pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
 or thymus gland). Culinary names are especially common for fish and seafood, where multiple species are marketed under a single familiar name.

Foods may come to have distinct culinary names for a variety of reasons:

  • Euphemism
    Euphemism

    A euphemism is a substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener, or in the case of #Doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker....
    : the idea of eating some foods may disgust or offend some eaters regardless of their actual taste.
    • Testicle
      Testicle

      The testicle is the male gonad in animals. This article will concentrate on mammalian testicles unless otherwise noted.The etymology of the word is somewhat colorfully based on Roman law....
      s: Rocky Mountain oysters
      Rocky Mountain oysters

      Rocky Mountain oysters is a North American culinary name for edible offal, specifically American Bison, boar, or cattle testicles. They are usually peeled, coated in flour, pepper and salt, sometimes pounded flat, then deep-fried....
      , lamb fries, or animelles
      Animelles

      Animelles is the cuisine term for a type of offal, the testicles of animals, especially young ram s, when used as food. They are skinned and usually soaked in cold water for two to three hours before preparation....
    • Soft roe or white roe is a name for fish milt
      Milt

      Milt is the semen fluid of fish, mollusks, and certain other water-dwelling animals who reproduce by spraying this fluid, which contains the sperm, onto roe ....
      .
    • "Australus" has been proposed as a name for kangaroo meat.
  • Attractiveness: the traditional name may be considered dull, undistinctive, or unattractive.
    • The Chinese gooseberry was renamed the kiwifruit
      Kiwifruit

      The kiwifruit is the edible berry of a cultivar of the woody plant vine Actinidia deliciosa and Hybrid s between this and other species in the genus Actinidia....
      , which has now become its agricultural name as well.
    • The dolphinfish
      Coryphaenidae

      The Coryphaenidae, also called the dolphinfishes, are a family of marine ray-finned fish fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family contains only one genus, Coryphaena, which contains two species, both of which have compressed heads and single dorsal fins that run the entire length of the fish's bodies....
       is often referred to as mahi-mahi in order to discourage confusion with actual dolphin
      Dolphin

      File:Bottlenose_Dolphin_KSC04pd0178.jpgDolphins are marine mammals that are closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genus....
       meat.
  • Comparison with more familiar foods
    • The Patagonian toothfish
      Patagonian toothfish

      The Patagonian toothfish is a fish found in the cold, temperate waters of the Southern Atlantic Ocean, Southern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Southern Oceans on seamounts and Continental shelf around most sub-Antarctic islands....
       is marketed as the Chilean sea bass
      Patagonian toothfish

      The Patagonian toothfish is a fish found in the cold, temperate waters of the Southern Atlantic Ocean, Southern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Southern Oceans on seamounts and Continental shelf around most sub-Antarctic islands....
  • Grouping of a variety of sources under a single name
    • Tuna
      Tuna

      Tuna are several species of ocean-dwelling fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Tunas are fast swimmers?they have been clocked at 70 km/h ?and include several species that are warm-blooded....
       includes several different species
  • Evocation of more prestigious, rarer, and more expensive foods for which they are a substitute
    • Lumpsucker
      Lumpsucker

      Lumpsuckers or lumpfish are mostly small scorpaeniform marine fish of the family Cyclopteridae. They are found in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean oceans....
       (or lumpfish) roe
      Roe

      Roe or hard roe is the fully ripe internal Ovary or egg masses of fish and certain marine animals, such as shrimp, scallop and sea urchins....
       is named lumpfish caviar
      Caviar

      Caviar is the Food processing, salted roe of certain species of fish, most notably the sturgeon and the salmon . It is commercially marketed worldwide as a delicacy and is eaten as a garnish or a spread; for example, with hors d'?uvres....
    • Cassia
      Cassia

      Cassia is an evergreen tree native to southern China, Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam. Like its close relative, cinnamon , it is used primarily for its aromatic bark, which is used as a spice, often under the culinary name of "cinnamon"....
       bark is called cinnamon
      Cinnamon

      Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
       in the United States of America.
    • In North America, many flounder
      Flounder

      Flounder are flatfish that live in ocean waters ie., Northern Atlantic and waters along the east coast of the United States and Canada, and the Pacific Ocean, as well....
       species are called sole
      Sole

      Sole may refer to:* Sole , the bottom of the foot* Sole , the bottom supporting member of the shoe* Sole , several species and groups of flatfishes:...
      s, e.g. Microstomus pacificus
      Microstomus pacificus

      Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus, is a Pacific Ocean flatfish of the Pleuronectidae which ranges from Baja California to the Bering Sea. It takes its name from a resemblance to the solea solea of Europe, which is often called a 'Dover sole'....
       is named "Dover sole
      Sole

      Sole may refer to:* Sole , the bottom of the foot* Sole , the bottom supporting member of the shoe* Sole , several species and groups of flatfishes:...
      "
  • Evocation of a specific culinary tradition
    • Shrimp in Italian-American contexts is often called scampi
      Scampi

      Scampi is a culinary name for some species of lobster, notably the 'true' scampi Nephrops norvegicus, and is also used as a name for a style of preparation of these lobsters and other seafood....
  • Social differences
    • Beef
      Beef

      Beef is the culinary name for meat from bovines, especially domestic cattle . Beef is one of the principal meats used in the cuisine of Australia, European cuisine and the Americas, and is also important in Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia....
      , veal
      Veal

      Veal is the meat of calves . Though veal can be produced from any calf, most veal comes from male calves of dairy cattle breeds. Compared to other meats, veal has a delicate taste and tender texture....
      , pork
      Pork

      Pork is the culinary name for meat from the domestic pig . The word, pork, is often meant to denote specifically the fresh meat of the pig, but it can be used as an all-inclusive term, to include cured, smoked, or processed meats It is one of the most-commonly consumed meats worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry dating back...
      , mutton, and venison
      Venison

      Venison is the culinary name for meat from the family Cervidae. Deer meat, whether hunting or farmed, is termed venison....
       were the words used by the French-speaking lords in post-Conquest England.
  • Other
    • In French, chestnut
      Chestnut

      Chestnut , is a genus of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the Beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate climate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....
      s are called châtaignes on the tree, but marrons in the kitchen.


Often several of these reasons coincide. Many North Americans would find "squid" disgusting as a food, but "calamari" evokes Italian
Italian cuisine

Italian cuisine as a national cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes, with its roots traced back to 4th century BC....
 tradition.