Crown corporations of Canada
Encyclopedia
Canadian Crown corporations are enterprises owned by the federal government of Canada
Government of Canada
The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is the system whereby the federation of Canada is administered by a common authority; in Canadian English, the term can mean either the collective set of institutions or specifically the Queen-in-Council...

 (the Queen in Right of Canada), one of Canada's provincial governments (the Queen in right of a province
Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
The monarchy of Canada forms the core of each Canadian provincial jurisdiction's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in each province...

) or one of the territorial governments. Crown corporations have a long standing presence in the country and have been instrumental in the formation of the state. They are involved in everything from the distribution, use, and price of certain goods and services to energy development, resource extraction, public transportation, cultural promotion, and property management.

Structure

In Canada, Crown corporations, within either the federal or provincial sphere, are technically owned and operated by the monarch, as the institution's sole shareholder
Shareholder
A shareholder or stockholder is an individual or institution that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a public or private corporation. Shareholders own the stock, but not the corporation itself ....

; this follows the legal premise that the Crown, as an institution, owns all the property of state. In practice, however, most Crown corporations operate at arm's length from the government, with direct government control only being exerted over the corporation's budget and the appointment of its chairperson and directors through Orders in Council.

History

The earliest Crown corporations in Canada date to early European settlement
European colonization of the Americas
The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492. The first Europeans to reach the Americas were the Vikings during the 11th century, who established several colonies in Greenland and one short-lived settlement in present day Newfoundland...

 by Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

 and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

. Much of the colonial territory was de facto settled and governed by the appointed managers of the corporations
Proprietary Governor
Proprietary Governors were individuals authorized to govern proprietary colonies. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies were granted commercial charters by the King of England to establish colonies. These proprietors then selected the governors and other officials in the colony....

, often themselves called Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...

s. The first colonies on the island of Newfoundland were founded in this manner, between 1610 and 1728.
Perhaps Canada's most famous, and influential, Crown corporation was the Hudson's Bay Company
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company , abbreviated HBC, or "The Bay" is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and one of the oldest in the world. A fur trading business for much of its existence, today Hudson's Bay Company owns and operates retail stores throughout Canada...

 (HBC), founded on May 2, 1670, by Royal Charter
Royal Charter
A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organizations such as cities or universities. Charters should be distinguished from warrants and...

 of King Charles II
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...

 (although HBC is not, and never has been, government owned). The HBC became the world's largest land owner, at one point overseeing 7770000 km² (3,000,013.8 sq mi), territories that today incorporate the provinces of Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

, Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

 and Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

, as well as Nunavut
Nunavut
Nunavut is the largest and newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999, via the Nunavut Act and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, though the actual boundaries had been established in 1993...

, the Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

, and the Yukon
Yukon
Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories. It was named after the Yukon River. The word Yukon means "Great River" in Gwich’in....

. The HBC thus often being the point of first contact between the colonial government and First Nations
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

. By the late 19th century, however, the HBC lost its monopoly over Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land, or Prince Rupert's Land, was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin that was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the...

 and became a fully privatised company. During the earlier part of the century, many British North America
British North America
British North America is a historical term. It consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary War and the recognition of American independence in 1783.At the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775 the British...

n colonies that now comprise the Canadian federation had Crown corporations, often in the form of railways
Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on...

, such as the Nova Scotia Railway
Nova Scotia Railway
The Nova Scotia Railway is a historic Canadian railway. It was composed of two lines, one connecting Richmond with Windsor, the other connecting Richmond with Pictou via Truro....

, since there was limited private capital available for such endeavours.

At the same time as the HBC was declining in influence and power, other Crown corporations were growing in its place. One of the most significant of that era was the Canadian National Railway
Canadian National Railway
The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. CN's slogan is "North America's Railroad"....

 (CNR), which spawned Air Canada
Air Canada
Air Canada is the flag carrier and largest airline of Canada. The airline, founded in 1936, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the world's tenth largest passenger airline by number of destinations, and the airline is a...

, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as CBC and officially as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster...

 (CBC), Via Rail
VIA Rail
Via Rail Canada is an independent crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada. It is headquartered near Montreal Central Station at 3 Place Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec....

, and Marine Atlantic
Marine Atlantic
Marine Atlantic Inc. is an independent Canadian Crown corporation offering ferry services between the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia.Marine Atlantic's corporate headquarters are in St...

. Today, Canada Post Corporation is an example of a functional department being realigned into a Crown corporation, while the Business Development Bank of Canada
Business Development Bank of Canada
The Business Development Bank of Canada is a crown corporation financial institution wholly owned by the Government of Canada. BDC plays a leadership role in delivering financial and consulting services to Canadian small business, with a particular focus on technology and exporting.BDC's debt...

 and Export Development Canada
Export Development Canada
Export Development Canada is Canada's export credit agency. It is a Crown corporation wholly owned by the Government of Canada, which provides financing and risk management services to Canadian exporters and investors in up to 200 markets worldwide, with spread across all provinces in Canada, and...

 are modern examples of Crown corporations.

The importance of Crown corporations in the economy has declined in recent years, as a number of significant privatizations have occurred, particularly at the federal level. The heyday of government use of Crown corporations was the period from Confederation (the Intercolonial Railway being the first federal Crown corporation) through 1988 (the privatization of Air Canada
Air Canada
Air Canada is the flag carrier and largest airline of Canada. The airline, founded in 1936, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the world's tenth largest passenger airline by number of destinations, and the airline is a...

).

Federal

  • Atlantic Pilotage Authority
    Atlantic Pilotage Authority
    The Atlantic Pilotage Authority Canada is a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, which was established As a result of recommendations made by the Royal Commission on Pilotage in Canada, by the Pilotage Act, Section 18, on February 1, 1972 mandated to assist in pilotage in all Canadian...

  • Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
    Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
    Atomic Energy of Canada Limited or AECL is a Canadian federal Crown corporation and Canada's largest nuclear science and technology laboratory...

     (AECL)
  • Bank of Canada
    Bank of Canada
    The Bank of Canada is Canada's central bank and "lender of last resort". The Bank was created by an Act of Parliament on July 3, 1934 as a privately owned corporation. In 1938, the Bank became a Crown corporation belonging to the Government of Canada...

  • Blue Water Bridge
    Blue Water Bridge
    The Blue Water Bridge is a twin-span international bridge across the St. Clair River that links Port Huron, Michigan, USA and Sarnia, Ontario, Canada...

     Authority
  • Business Development Bank of Canada
    Business Development Bank of Canada
    The Business Development Bank of Canada is a crown corporation financial institution wholly owned by the Government of Canada. BDC plays a leadership role in delivering financial and consulting services to Canadian small business, with a particular focus on technology and exporting.BDC's debt...

     (BDC)
  • Canada Council for the Arts
    Canada Council
    The Canada Council for the Arts, commonly called the Canada Council, is a Crown Corporation established in 1957 to act as an arts council of the government of Canada, created to foster and promote the study and enjoyment of, and the production of works in, the arts. It funds Canadian artists and...

     (Canada Council)
  • Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
    Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
    -External links:*** Official CDIC site*...

  • Canada Development Investment Corporation
    Canada Development Investment Corporation
    The Canada Development Investment Corporation is a Canadian Crown corporation assigned with management of investments and corporate interests of the Crown, making purchases and sales of assets on behalf of the Queen-in-Council...

  • Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board
    Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board
    The Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board is a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada. As a parent Crown corporation, under Part X of the Financial Administration Act, CEIFB reports to Parliament through the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development.-Mandate:Canada’s...

     (CEIFB)
  • Canada Lands Company
    Canada Lands Company
    Canada Lands Company Limited is an arms length, self-financing Crown corporation reporting to Parliament through the Honourable John Baird, Leader of the Government in the House of Commons...

  • Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
    Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
    Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation is a Crown corporation, owned by the Government of Canada, founded after World War II to provide housing for returning soldiers...

  • Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
  • Canada Post Corporation
  • Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation
    Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation
    The Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation is a Canadian government Crown corporation responsible for preserving and protecting Canada's scientific and technological heritage and promoting and sharing that knowledge. The corporation oversees the Canada Agriculture Museum, the Canada...

  • Canadian Air Transport Security Authority
    Canadian Air Transport Security Authority
    The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority is a Canadian Crown corporation responsible for the security screening at the 89 designated airports in Canada...

     (CATSA)
  • Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
    Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
    The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as CBC and officially as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster...

     (CBC)
  • Canadian Commercial Corporation
    Canadian Commercial Corporation
    The Canadian Commercial Corporation is a crown corporation of the Government of Canada that facilitates Canadian exports by negotiating and executing government-to-government contracts...

  • Canadian Dairy Commission
    Canadian Dairy Commission
    The Canadian Dairy Commission is a Canadian government Crown corporation created in 1966 under the Canadian Dairy Commission Act...

  • Canadian Museum of Civilization
    Canadian Museum of Civilization
    The Canadian Museum of Civilization is Canada's national museum of human history and the most popular and most-visited museum in Canada....

  • Canadian Museum of Nature
    Canadian Museum of Nature
    The Canadian Museum of Nature is a natural history museum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Its collections, which were started by the Geological Survey of Canada in 1856, include all aspects of the intersection of human society and nature, from gardening to gene-splicing...

  • Canadian Race Relations Foundation
    Canadian Race Relations Foundation
    Canadian Race Relations Foundation is a Canadian government agency responsible to foster racial harmony and cross-cultural understanding and help to eliminate racism. The foundation was opened in November 1997, after receiving royal assent on February 1, 1991. The Foundation operates at "arms...

  • Canadian Tourism Commission
    Canadian Tourism Commission
    The Canadian Tourism Commission was created in 1995 to promote in order to capitalize on a major international industry.The CTC states that it "is dedicated to promoting the growth and profitability of the Canadian tourism industry by marketing Canada as a desirable travel destination and...

  • Cape Breton Growth Fund Corporation
  • Defence Construction Limited
    Defence Construction Canada
    Defence Construction Canada is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada.DCC was created in 1951 to help build massive defence infrastructure during the Cold War. It was notably involved in building the Distant Early Warning Line, and is now involved in decommissioning it. It also...

  • Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation
    Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation
    Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation is a Canadian federal Crown corporation which promotes and coordinates economic development throughout Cape Breton Island and adjacent areas in the eastern Nova Scotia town of Mulgrave....

  • Export Development Canada
    Export Development Canada
    Export Development Canada is Canada's export credit agency. It is a Crown corporation wholly owned by the Government of Canada, which provides financing and risk management services to Canadian exporters and investors in up to 200 markets worldwide, with spread across all provinces in Canada, and...

  • Farm Credit Canada
    Farm Credit Canada
    Farm Credit Canada , or FCC, is Canada's largest agricultural term lender.This organization's purpose is to enhance rural Canada by providing specialized and personalized financial services to farming operations, including family farms...

  • Federal Bridge Corporation Limited
    Federal Bridge Corporation Limited
    Federal Bridge Corporation Limited is a Canadian federal Crown corporation which is responsible for operating and managing the following bridges which until 1998 were managed by the St...

  • Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation
  • Great Lakes Pilotage Authority
  • International Development Research Centre
    International Development Research Centre
    The International Development Research Centre is a Canadian Crown Corporation created by the Parliament of Canada that supports research in developing countries to promote growth and development...

  • Laurentian Pilotage Authority
  • Marine Atlantic Inc.
    Marine Atlantic
    Marine Atlantic Inc. is an independent Canadian Crown corporation offering ferry services between the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia.Marine Atlantic's corporate headquarters are in St...

  • National Arts Centre
    National Arts Centre
    The National Arts Centre is a centre for the performing arts located in Ottawa, Ontario, between Elgin Street and the Rideau Canal...

  • National Capital Commission
    National Capital Commission
    The National Capital Commission , is a Canadian Crown corporation that administers the federally owned lands and buildings in Canada's National Capital Region, including Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec.The NCC was created in 1959, replacing the Federal District Commission , which had been...

  • National Gallery of Canada
    National Gallery of Canada
    The National Gallery of Canada , located in the capital city Ottawa, Ontario, is one of Canada's premier art galleries.The Gallery is now housed in a glass and granite building on Sussex Drive with a notable view of the Canadian Parliament buildings on Parliament Hill. The acclaimed structure was...

  • National Museum of Science and Technology
    Canada Science and Technology Museum
    The Canada Science and Technology Museum is located in Ottawa, Ontario, on St. Laurent Boulevard, to the south of the Queensway .-Mission:...

  • Old Port of Montreal Corporation Inc.
  • Pacific Pilotage Authority
  • Parc Downsview Park Inc.
  • Public Sector Pension Investment Board
    Public Sector Pension Investment Board
    The Public Sector Pension Investment Board is a Canadian crown corporation established by an act of parliament in September 1999. Its mandate is "to manage employer and employee contributions made after April 1, 2000 to the federal Public Service, the Canadian Forces and the Royal Canadian...

  • Ridley Terminals Inc.
  • Royal Canadian Mint
    Royal Canadian Mint
    The Royal Canadian Mint produces all of Canada's circulation coins, and manufactures circulation coins on behalf of other nations. The Mint also designs and manufactures: precious and base metal collector coins; gold, silver, palladium, and platinum bullion coins; medals, as well as medallions and...

  • Standards Council of Canada
    Standards Council of Canada
    - About the SCC :The Standards Council of Canada is a federal Crown corporation with the mandate to promote efficient and effective voluntary standardization. Located in Ottawa, Ontario, the Standards Council has a 15-member governing Council and a staff of approximately 90...

  • Telefilm Canada
    Telefilm Canada
    Telefilm Canada or Téléfilm Canada is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada.It is the primary federal cultural agency dedicated to the development and promotion of the Canadian audiovisual industry....

  • Via Rail Canada Inc.
    VIA Rail
    Via Rail Canada is an independent crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada. It is headquartered near Montreal Central Station at 3 Place Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec....


Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

  • Alberta Investment Management
    Alberta Investment Management
    Alberta Investment Management Corporation is one of Canada's largest institutional investment fund managers. It is headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta....

  • ATB Financial
    ATB Financial
    Alberta Treasury Branches, doing business as ATB Financial, is a financial institution and crown corporation owned by the Province of Alberta. ATB operates in Alberta only, providing financial services to 680,000 Albertans and Alberta-based businesses. ATB has 167 branches and 130 agencies, serving...

  • Agriculture Financial Services Corporation
  • Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission
    Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission
    The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission is an agent of the Government of the Canadian province of Alberta, and regulates alcoholic beverage and gaming-related activities...

  • Alberta Pensions Services Corporation
    Alberta Pensions Services Corporation
    Alberta Pensions Services Corporation, or APS, is a pension administration entity located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On behalf of the Government of Alberta, APS administers seven statutory public sector pension plans and two supplementary retirement plans.-History:The Public Service Pension...


British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

  • BC Assessment
  • BC Hydro
    BC Hydro
    The BC Hydro and Power Authority is a Canadian electric utility in the province of British Columbia generally known simply as BC Hydro. It is the main electric distributor, serving 1.8 million customers in most areas, with the exception of the Kootenay region, where FortisBC, a subsidiary of Fortis...

     (formed in 1961 taking over the assets of the British Columbia Electric Railway
    British Columbia Electric Railway
    The British Columbia Electric Railway was a historic Canadian railway which operated in southwestern British Columbia.Originally the parent company, and later a division, of BC Electric, the BCER operated public transportation in southwestern British Columbia from its establishment in the...

    )
  • BC Investment Management Corporation
  • BC Lottery Corporation
  • BC Pension Corporation
    BC Pension Corporation
    The BC Pension Corporation is one of Canada's largest pension benefit administrators. It serves the boards of trustees for the largest public sector pension plans in British Columbia, and represents over 300,000 active and retired plan members, and about 800 plan employers.-External links:**...

  • Homeowner Protection Office
    Homeowner Protection Office
    The is a branch of BC Housing, a provincial Crown agency located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. It is responsible for licensing residential builders and building envelope renovators province-wide; administering Owner Builder Authorizations; and carrying out research and education which...

  • Insurance Corporation of British Columbia
    Insurance Corporation of British Columbia
    The Insurance Corporation of British Columbia is a provincial crown corporation in British Columbia created in 1973 by the NDP government of British Columbia. The original purpose of ICBC was to provide universal public auto insurance in British Columbia...

     (formed in 1973)
  • Knowledge
  • Liquor Distribution Branch
    Liquor Distribution Branch
    The Liquor Distribution Branch is one of the two governmental bodies responsible for regulating and monitoring the liquor industry in the Canadian province of British Columbia within the Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General...

  • Royal British Columbia Museum
    Royal British Columbia Museum
    The Royal British Columbia Museum is a natural history and human history museum in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, founded in 1886. The "Royal" title was approved by Queen Elizabeth II and bestowed by HRH Prince Philip in 1987, to coincide with a Royal tour that year...

  • Transportation Investment Corporation (formed in 2008)
  • Tourism British Columbia
    Tourism British Columbia
    Tourism BC was a government-owned Crown Corporation of the province of British Columbia, Canada. Established as a crown corporation in 1997, its mandate was to promote tourism in the province. It was merged with the now-defunct Ministry of Tourism, Culture and the Arts on April 1, 2010...

     (formed in 1997)

Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...

  • Manitoba Agricultural Services Corporation
  • Manitoba Arts Council
  • Manitoba Boxing Commission
  • Manitoba Film and Music
    Manitoba Film and Sound
    Manitoba Film and Sound is a statutory corporation of the Government of Manitoba. It was established in 1987, and is overseen by a nine-member board of directors...

  • Manitoba Housing and Renewal Corporation
  • Manitoba Hydro
    Manitoba Hydro
    Manitoba Hydro is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Founded in 1961, it is a provincial Crown Corporation, governed by the Manitoba Hydro-Electric Board and the Manitoba Hydro Act. Today the company operates 15 interconnected generating stations. It has...

  • Manitoba Lotteries Corporation
    Manitoba Lotteries Corporation
    The Manitoba Lotteries Corporation is a Crown Corporation that operates and manages two casino properties: McPhillips Station Casino and Club Regent Casino in Winnipeg, Manitoba...

     (MLC)
  • Manitoba Liquor Control Commission
    Manitoba Liquor Control Commission
    The Manitoba Liquor Control Commission is a Crown Agency mandated with regulating, distributing and selling beverage alcohol in the Canadian province of Manitoba....

     (MLCC)
  • Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation (MPIC)

New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

  • Atlantic Lottery Corporation
    Atlantic Lottery Corporation
    The Atlantic Lottery Corporation , currently branded as simply Atlantic Lottery or Loto Atlantique, is an organization that operates lottery games in Atlantic Canada. It is owned jointly by the four Atlantic provincial governments: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland...

  • NB Power
    NB Power
    NB Power , formerly known as New Brunswick Power Corporation and New Brunswick Electric Power Commission is the primary and former monopoly electrical utility in the Canadian province of New Brunswick...

  • New Brunswick Liquor Corporation
    New Brunswick Liquor Corporation
    The New Brunswick Liquor Corporation is a provincial Crown corporation of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, and is responsible for the purchase, importation, distribution, and retail activity for all beverage alcohol in the Province. Alcool NB Liquor is directed by a seven member Board of...

  • Service New Brunswick
    Service New Brunswick
    Service New Brunswick , commonly referred to as SNB, is a crown corporation in the Canadian province of New Brunswick....

  • New Brunswick Community College
    New Brunswick Community College
    The New Brunswick Community College is a community college. The enabling legislation is the New Brunswick Community Colleges Act ..-Campus:There are campuses in:#Miramichi,#Moncton,#Saint John,#St...


Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it incorporates the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador with a combined area of . As of April 2011, the province's estimated population is 508,400...

  • Nalcor Energy
    Nalcor Energy
    Nalcor Energy is a provincial energy corporation which is headquartered in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. A provincial Crown corporation under the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Nalcor Energy was created in 2007 to manage the provinces energy resources...

  • Newfoundland and Labrador Film Development Corporation
  • Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
    Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
    Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro is a provincial Crown corporation that generates and delivers electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, and the north-eastern areas of the United States. It also delivers voice and data services to customers in some areas...

  • Newfoundland and Labrador Housing Corporation
  • Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation
    Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation
    The Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation is a provincial crown corporation of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is responsible for managing the importation, sale and distribution of beverage alcohol within the province...

  • Research & Development Corporation

Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

  • Art Gallery of Nova Scotia
    Art Gallery of Nova Scotia
    The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia is the provincial art gallery for the province of Nova Scotia. It is located in the central downtown region of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada with a branch gallery in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia....

  • Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission
    Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission
    Halifax Harbour Bridges is the operating name of a Nova Scotia provincial agency legally named the Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission responsible for operating, maintaining, and constructing bridges over Halifax Harbour between the Halifax Regional Municipality communities of Halifax and...

  • Innovacorp
    Innovacorp
    Innovacorp is a Nova Scotia crown corporation. The organization was established under Nova Scotia’s Innovation Corporation Act, 1994–95, c. 5, s. 1. Its goal is to help early stage Nova Scotia companies commercialize their technologies for export markets...

  • Nova Scotia Agricultural College
    Nova Scotia Agricultural College
    Nova Scotia Agricultural College is a Canadian university college located in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, a village near the town of Truro. NSAC was officially founded February 14, 1905. In the early years, NSAC focused on educating farmers in aspects of field and animal husbandry...

     (though currently a department of the Department of Agriculture, it is currently in the process of transformation to a crown corporation by 2011.)
  • Nova Scotia Arts Council
  • Nova Scotia Beef Commission
  • Nova Scotia Business Incorporated
  • Nova Scotia Crop and Livestock Insurance Commission
  • Nova Scotia Farm Loan Board
  • Nova Scotia Film Development Corporation
  • Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation
    Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation
    The Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation is a Crown corporation governed by the provincial Gaming Control Act.The Nova Scotia government, and ultimately the people of Nova Scotia, are the shareholders and owners of the gaming industry in the Province. The industry is licensed and regulated by the...

  • Nova Scotia Harness Racing Incorporated
  • Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation
    Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation
    The Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation controls alcoholic beverages in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the sole distributor and runs all retail outlets selling alcohol except for four private wine specialty shops and, in rural areas where there is not an NSLC location, 23 private "agency" liquor...

     (NSLC)
  • Nova Scotia Municipal Finance Corporation (NSMFC)
  • Nova Scotia Power Finance Corporation
  • Nova Scotia Resources Limited
  • Rockingham Terminal Inc.
  • Sydney Environmental Resources Limited
  • Sydney Steel Corporation
    Sydney Steel Corporation
    Sydney Steel Corporation was a Crown corporation in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.-Steel comes to Sydney:An integrated steel mill was established on the southeast side of Sydney Harbour in the Whitney Pier neighbourhood of Sydney, Nova Scotia in 1901 by American investors...

  • Tidal Power Corporation
  • Trade Centre Limited
  • Waterfront Development Corporation Limited

Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

  • Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario
    Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario
    The Agricultural Research Institute of Ontario is an Ontarian government Crown corporation, established in 1962, by the ARIO Act, to "advocate areas of research for the betterment of agriculture, veterinary medicine and consumer studies" and "increase the production efficiency and marketing of...

  • Hydro One
    Hydro One
    Hydro One Incorporated delivers electricity across the Canadian province of Ontario. It is a Corporation established under the Business Corporations Act with a single shareholder, the Government of Ontario....

     (successor of Ontario Hydro
    Ontario Hydro
    Ontario Hydro was the official name from 1974 of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario which was established in 1906 by the provincial Power Commission Act to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity generated by private companies already operating at Niagara...

    )
  • Independent Electricity System Operator
    Independent Electricity System Operator
    The Independent Electricity System Operator is a Crown corporation responsible for operating the electricity market and directing the operation of the bulk electrical system in the province of Ontario, Canada...

     (successor of Ontario Hydro
    Ontario Hydro
    Ontario Hydro was the official name from 1974 of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario which was established in 1906 by the provincial Power Commission Act to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity generated by private companies already operating at Niagara...

    )
  • Infrastructure Ontario
  • Liquor Control Board of Ontario
    Liquor Control Board of Ontario
    The Liquor Control Board of Ontario is a provincial Crown corporation in Ontario, Canada established in 1927 by Lieutenant Governor William Donald Ross, on the advice of his Premier, Howard Ferguson, to sell liquor, wine, and beer through a chain of retail stores...

  • Metrolinx (also responsible for the operation of GO Transit
    GO Transit
    GO Transit is an inter-regional public transit system in Southern Ontario, Canada. It primarily serves the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area conurbation, with operations extending to several communities beyond the GTHA proper in the Greater Golden Horseshoe...

    )
  • Ontario Agricorp
    Ontario Agricorp
    Ontario Agricorp is a Crown agency of the Province of Ontario that provides risk management programs, including financial, food safety, environmental, and market security, to governmental and non-governmental agricultural sector businesses.-History:...

  • Ontario Clean Water Agency
    Ontario Clean Water Agency
    The Ontario Clean Water Agency is a Crown agency of the Province of Ontario that provides operation, maintenance and management services for more than 450 water and wastewater treatment facilities in the province.-History:...

  • Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation
    Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation
    The Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation , known for corporate branding purposes simply as OLG since 2006, is a Crown Corporation of the Government of Ontario, Canada. It is responsible for the province's lotteries, charity and Aboriginal casinos, commercial casinos, and slot machines at...

  • Ontario Northland Transportation Commission
    Ontario Northland Transportation Commission
    The Ontario Northland Transportation Commission , or simply Ontario Northland, is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario.ONTC operates the following public services in Northern Ontario:...

  • Ontario Place
    Ontario Place
    Ontario Place is a multiple use entertainment and seasonal waterfront park attraction located in Toronto, Ontario, and owned by the Crown in Right of Ontario. It is administered as an agency of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture. Located on the shore of Lake Ontario, just south of...

  • Ontario Power Generation
    Ontario Power Generation
    Ontario Power Generation is a public company wholly owned by the Government of Ontario. OPG is responsible for approximately 70% of the electricity generation in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Sources of electricity include nuclear, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and fossil fuel...

  • Ontario Science Centre
    Ontario Science Centre
    Ontario Science Centre is a science museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, near the Don Valley Parkway about northeast of downtown on Don Mills Road just south of Eglinton Avenue East...

  • Science North
    Science North
    Science North is an interactive science museum in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.The complex, which is Northern Ontario's most popular tourist attraction, consists of two snowflake-shaped buildings on the southwestern shore of Lake Ramsey, just south of the city's downtown core, as well as a...

  • TFO
    TFO
    TFO is a Canadian French language educational public television network in the province of Ontario. It is the only French-language television network in Canada whose operations are based entirely outside of Quebec....

  • TVOntario
    TVOntario
    TVOntario, often referred to only as TVO , is a publicly funded, educational English-language television station and media organization in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is operated by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority, a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario...

  • Workplace Safety & Insurance Board
    Workplace Safety & Insurance Board
    The Workplace Safety & Insurance Board was established in 1914. It is a workers' compensation insurer for Ontario, Canada. Its headquarters are located in Toronto, Ontario.-History:...


Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

  • Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
    Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
    Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec is the Crown corporation acting as the provincial library and archives of Quebec...

  • Hydro-Québec
    Hydro-Québec
    Hydro-Québec is a government-owned public utility established in 1944 by the Government of Quebec. Based in Montreal, the company is in charge of the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity across Quebec....

  • Investissement Québec
  • Société des alcools du Québec
    Société des alcools du Québec
    The Société des alcools du Québec , often abbreviated and referred to as SAQ, is a provincial Crown corporation in Quebec.-Organization:...

  • Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec
    Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec
    The Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec or SAAQ , is a Quebec crown corporation responsible for licensing drivers and vehicles in the province and providing public auto insurance which insures all drivers, passengers, pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists involved in road collisions...

  • Société des casinos du Québec
    Société des casinos du Québec
    The Société des casinos du Québec is a subsidiary of Loto-Québec, a government of Québec corporation. The Société des casinos du Québec oversees all four government-run casinos in the province of Québec: the Casino de Montréal, the Casino du Lac-Leamy, the Casino de Mont-Tremblant, and the Casino...

  • Société générale de financement du Québec
  • Société de transport de Montréal
    Société de transport de Montréal
    The Société de transport de Montréal is a public transport agency that operates transit bus, and rapid transit services in Montreal, Quebec, Canada...

  • Télé-Québec
    Télé-Québec
    Télé-Québec is a French language public educational television network in the Canadian province of Quebec. Known legally as Société de télédiffusion du Québec , it is a provincial crown corporation owned by the Government of Quebec...

  • Loto-Québec
    Loto-Québec
    Loto-Québec is a government agency that develops and operates lotteries in the province of Quebec, Canada.-Loto-Québec's mission:Loto-Québec is a Québec government corporation whose mandate is to operate games of chance in the province in an orderly and measured way. It was created in 1969 to...


Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....

  • Crown Investments Corporation
    Crown Investments Corporation
    Crown Investments Corporation is the holding company used by the Government of Saskatchewan to manage their Crown Corporations.-History:...

  • Enterprise Saskatchewan
  • Information Services Corporation of Saskatchewan
    Information Services Corporation of Saskatchewan
    ' is a provincial Crown corporation responsible for land titles, vital statistics, survey, personal property and corporate registries, as well as related geographic information....

  • Investment Saskatchewan
    Investment Saskatchewan
    Investment Saskatchewan Inc. is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan that invests in Saskatchewan companies. Investments are a minimum of $3 M CDN. The investments are managed through a private sector venture capital investment company called Victoria Park Capital Inc. ...

  • Municipal Financing Corporation of Saskatchewan (MFC)
  • Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC)
  • Saskatchewan Development Fund Corporation
    Saskatchewan Development Fund Corporation
    Saskatchewan Development Fund Corporation is a crown corporation established by the Government of Saskatchewan in Canada to provide residents with a low risk investment fund. Established in 1973, shares were sold to the general public in Saskatchewan until 1983. The fund continues to operate,...

  • Saskatchewan Grain Car Corporation
    Saskatchewan Grain Car Corporation
    Saskatchewan Grain Car Corporation is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan established on October 2, 1979 to purchase and rent grain rail cars for the transportation of statutory grains between Saskatchewan and export ports. The board of directors is chaired by Jim Reiter,...

  • Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority
    Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority
    The Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority is a Treasury Board Crown Corporation responsible for the distribution, control and regulation of alcoholic beverages and most gambling in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs the government monopoly on liquor sales and gambling in...

  • Saskatchewan Government Growth Fund Management Corporation
    Saskatchewan Government Growth Fund Management Corporation
    Saskatchewan Government Growth Fund Management Corporation is a crown corporation established by the Government of Saskatchewan in Canada to provide immigrants with an investment option under the federal Immigrant Investor Program . From 1989 until 1999 the fund raised over $275 million in...

  • Saskatchewan Government Insurance
    Saskatchewan Government Insurance
    Created in 1945, Saskatchewan Government Insurance is a provincial Crown corporation that has been developed over the years into two linked operations....

  • Saskatchewan Housing Corporation (SHC)
    Saskatchewan Housing Corporation
    Saskatchewan Housing Corporation is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan, founded in 1978, to fund social housing, provide grants and other insentices for low income and rental housing development within the province. In 2010 SHC supported 23,500 social and affordable...

  • Saskatchewan Opportunities Corporation (SOCO)
    Innovation Place Research Park
    Innovation Place is the registered business name of the Saskatchewan Opportunities Corporation , a crown corporation in Saskatchewan. SOCO operates a network of three research parks: one located near the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, the second near the University of Regina...

  • Saskatchewan Transportation Company
    Saskatchewan Transportation Company
    The Saskatchewan Transportation Company is a Crown Corporation of the Government of Saskatchewan, created in 1946 by an Order in Council....

  • Saskatoon Light & Power
    Saskatoon Light & Power
    Saskatoon Light & Power is a utility that provides electrical service within the city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada . The utility is owned by the City of Saskatoon, but its service is limited to the city as it was within its boundaries as of 1958, the year the company was founded...

     (owned by the city of Saskatoon)
  • SaskEnergy
    SaskEnergy
    SaskEnergy is a Crown corporation of the Saskatchewan government which delivers natural gas to 92% of the province through a 67,000 kilometre distribution system to over 347,000 customers...

  • Sask Gaming
    Sask Gaming
    Saskatchewan Gaming Corporation is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan established in 1996 to set-up and operate the Casino Regina. In 2002 Sask Gaming opened Casino Moose Jaw. Sask Gaming is regulated by the Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority...

  • SaskPower
    SaskPower
    Since 1929, SaskPower has been the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan, Canada. Today, it serves more than 473,000 customers and manages $5.3 billion in assets...

  • SaskTel
    SaskTel
    Saskatchewan Telecommunications is a provincial Crown Corporation operating under the authority of the Saskatchewan Telecommunications Act. It is the only remaining Crown Corporation in the Canadian telecommunications industry....

  • SaskWater
    SaskWater
    SaskWater is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan and supplies water, wastewater and related services to municipalities, industries and farms. In turn, municipalities supply water to their residents. SaskWater has operations in Moose Jaw, Watrous, Prince Albert, Saskatoon,...


Territorial

  • Northwest Territories Power Corporation
    Northwest Territories Power Corporation
    The Northwest Territories Power Corporation was established about 1988 to acquire and operate the former Northern Canada Power Commission assets within the Northwest Territories, which at that time also included Nunavut....

  • Qulliq Energy
    Qulliq Energy
    Qulliq Energy Corporation is a Canadian Crown corporation owned by the Government of Nunavut, established in 2001 as "Nunavut Power Corporation", and renamed "Qulliq Energy Corporation" in 2002. It draws its name from the qulliq , an Inuit oil lamp.-History:It was established by the Nunavut Power...

  • Yukon Energy Corporation
    Yukon Energy Corporation
    Yukon Energy Corporation is a Canadian Crown corporation in the Yukon.YEC is a subsidiary of Yukon Development Corporation and was established in 1987 to take over the Yukon assets of the Northern Canada Power Commission. YEC generates virtually all of the Yukon's electricity supply, and...


Privatized ex-Crown corporations

Several private Canadian companies were once Crown corporations, including:
  • Air Canada
    Air Canada
    Air Canada is the flag carrier and largest airline of Canada. The airline, founded in 1936, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 178 destinations worldwide. It is the world's tenth largest passenger airline by number of destinations, and the airline is a...

     (privatized in 1988)
  • Alberta Government Telephones
    Alberta Government Telephones
    Alberta Government Telephones was formed by the Liberal government of Alexander Cameron Rutherford in 1906 following the acquisitions by the government of several independent telephone companies...

     / BCTel
    BCTel
    BC Telephone and later BC Tel was the legal operating name for the province wide telephone company operating throughout the province of British Columbia, Canada....

     (Now Telus Communications)
  • British Columbia Electric Railway
    British Columbia Electric Railway
    The British Columbia Electric Railway was a historic Canadian railway which operated in southwestern British Columbia.Originally the parent company, and later a division, of BC Electric, the BCER operated public transportation in southwestern British Columbia from its establishment in the...

     (private company from 1891 to 1961 when it was nationalized and formed into BC Hydro before the rail portion was sold in 1989)
  • BC Ferries
    BC Ferries
    British Columbia Ferry Services Inc. or BC Ferries is a de facto Crown Corporation that provides all major passenger and vehicle ferry services for coastal and island communities in the Canadian province of British Columbia...

     has not been a crown corporation since April 2, 2003
  • BCRail
  • BC Rail Communications (formed in 1972 and sold in 1993 as Westel)
  • Cameco Corporation
  • Canadair
    Canadair
    Canadair Ltd. was a civil and military aircraft manufacturer in Canada. It was a subsidiary of other aircraft manufacturers, then a nationalized corporation until privatized in 1986, and became the core of Bombardier Aerospace....

     (formed as a Crown Corp in 1944, privatized in 1946, acquired by government in 1976, privatized in 1986)
  • Canadian National Railway
    Canadian National Railway
    The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. CN's slogan is "North America's Railroad"....

  • de Havilland Canada
    De Havilland Canada
    The de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada...

     (formed as a private company in 1928, nationalized during World War 2, privatized in 1986)
  • Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited
    Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited
    The Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited company was originally organized in 1927 as Eldorado Gold Mines Limited to develop a gold mine in Manitoba. Its president Gilbert LaBine later found radioactive deposits at Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories in 1930, which led to the development of the...

     (Part of Cameco Corporation)
  • Highway 407 ETR
  • Intercolonial Railway (merged in Canadian National Railway in 1918)
  • Manitoba Telephone System (Now MTS Allstream)
  • Nova Scotia Power
    Nova Scotia Power
    Nova Scotia Power Inc. is a power generating and delivery company in Nova Scotia. It is privately owned by Emera and regulated by the provincial government via the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board .-History:...

     (formed in 1918, privatized in 1992)
  • Petro-Canada
    Petro-Canada
    Petro-Canada was a crown corporation of Canada in the field of oil and natural gas. It was headquartered in the Petro-Canada Centre in Calgary, Alberta. In August, 2009, Petro-Canada merged with Suncor Energy, a deal in which Suncor investors received approximately 60 per cent ownership of the...

  • Polymer Corporation
    Polymer corporation
    Polymer Corporation was a Canadian federal crown corporation established in 1942 to produce artificial rubber to substitute for overseas supply cut off by World War II. A factory was established in Sarnia, Ontario where, using German patents from an American licensee, Polymer produced 5000 tons of...

  • Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan
    Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan
    The Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Inc. , also referred to as PotashCorp, is a Canadian corporation based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The company is the world's largest potash producer and the third largest producers of nitrogen and phosphate, three primary crop nutrients used to produce...

     (PCS)
  • Saskatchewan Communications Network
    Saskatchewan Communications Network
    SCN is a Canadian English language cable television entertainment, information, and educational channel in the province of Saskatchewan...

  • Saskatchewan Government Airways
    Norcanair
    Norcanair was the name of a Canadian airline that existed from 1947 to 1987, and again briefly in the early 1990s and from 2001 to 2005.-History:...

  • Saskatchewan Minerals
    Saskatchewan Minerals
    Saskatchewan Minerals Inc. is a privately held company located in Saskatchewan, Canada, that mines and processes sodium sulphate. Originally established as a crown corporation in 1947. Today the company is one of the largest producers of anhydrous sodium sulphate in North America with production...

  • Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation
    Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation
    The Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation was a provincial crown corporation established in 1974 by the Government of Saskatchewan to manage the government's interests in exploration and mining in the province...

     (Part of Cameco Corporation)
  • Saskatchewan Oil & Gas Corporation
    Saskatchewan Oil & Gas Corporation
    Saskatchewan Oil & Gas Corporation, also known as SaskOil, was a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Saskatchewan. Established in 1973, it was responsible for oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, and marketing in the province of Saskatchewan. In 1986, the government sold the...

  • SPUDCO
    SPUDCO
    SPUDCO, the Saskatchewan Potato Utility Development Company, was a pseudo public private partnership between SaskWater and Lake Diefenbaker Potato Corporation . It was created in 1996 and had signs of trouble from the start...

  • Teleglobe (formed in 1950, privatized in 1987)
  • Wascana Energy

See also

  • Canada Development Corporation
    Canada Development Corporation
    The Canada Development Corporation was a Canadian corporation created and partly owned by the federal government and charged with developing and maintaining Canadian-controlled companies in the private sector through a mixture of public and private investment...

  • Structure of the Canadian federal government
    Structure of the Canadian federal government
    The following list outlines the Structure of the Canadian federal government.Cabinet-level Departments, Agencies, Secretariats and Offices are denoted in bold with the corresponding Minister listed alongside.-Crown:* Monarchy of Canada...

  • Nationalization
    Nationalization
    Nationalisation, also spelled nationalization, is the process of taking an industry or assets into government ownership by a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets, but may also mean assets owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities, being...

  • Executive Agency
    Executive agency
    An executive agency, also known as a next-step agency, is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate in order to carry out some part of the executive functions of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly or Northern Ireland...


External links

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