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Crown (botany)

 

 
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Crown (botany)
 
 
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The crown of a plant refers to the totality of the plant's aboveground parts, including stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
, leaves
Leaves

Leaves are an Iceland five-piece alternative rock band who formed in 2001. They came to prominence in 2002 with their debut album, Breathe, drawing comparisons to groups such as Coldplay and Doves....
, and reproductive structures
Plant morphology

Plant morphology is the general term for the study of the morphology of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal Anatomy of plants, especially at the microscopic level....
. The crown of woody plant
Woody plant

A woody plant is a Vascular tissue plant that has a Perennial plant Plant stem that is above ground and covered by a layer of thickened bark. Woody plants are adapted to survive from one year to the next; the stem supports continued vegetative growth above ground from one year to next....
s (tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s) is the branch
Branch

A branch or tree branch is a woody structural Limb connected to but not part of the central trunk of a tree . Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs.....
es, twig
Twig

Twigs are critically important in identification of trees, shrubs and vines, especially in wintertime. The buds on the twig are an important diagnostic characteristic, as are the abscission scars where the leaves have fallen away....
s and leaves
Leaves

Leaves are an Iceland five-piece alternative rock band who formed in 2001. They came to prominence in 2002 with their debut album, Breathe, drawing comparisons to groups such as Coldplay and Doves....
 extending from the trunk
Trunk

Trunk may refer to:In biology:*Trunk, torso*Trunk, an Elephant#Trunk*Trunk , a tree's central superstructureIn containers:*Trunk ...
 or main stems. A plant canopy
Canopy (forest)

Canopy refers to the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by Crown_.Canopy is also the term for the upper layer or zone of a forest, formed by Crown_ and including other biological organisms ....
 consists of one or more plant crowns growing in given area.

Shapes of crowns are highly variable. The major types for trees are the excurrent branching habit resulting in conoid shapes and decurrent
Decurrent

Decurrent is a botany term used to describe plant parts that extend downward, most often applied to leaf blades that partly wrap or have wings around the stem or petiole and extend down along the stem....
 (deliquescent) branching habit, resulting in round shapes.






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The crown of a plant refers to the totality of the plant's aboveground parts, including stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
, leaves
Leaves

Leaves are an Iceland five-piece alternative rock band who formed in 2001. They came to prominence in 2002 with their debut album, Breathe, drawing comparisons to groups such as Coldplay and Doves....
, and reproductive structures
Plant morphology

Plant morphology is the general term for the study of the morphology of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal Anatomy of plants, especially at the microscopic level....
. The crown of woody plant
Woody plant

A woody plant is a Vascular tissue plant that has a Perennial plant Plant stem that is above ground and covered by a layer of thickened bark. Woody plants are adapted to survive from one year to the next; the stem supports continued vegetative growth above ground from one year to next....
s (tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s) is the branch
Branch

A branch or tree branch is a woody structural Limb connected to but not part of the central trunk of a tree . Large branches are known as boughs and small branches are known as twigs.....
es, twig
Twig

Twigs are critically important in identification of trees, shrubs and vines, especially in wintertime. The buds on the twig are an important diagnostic characteristic, as are the abscission scars where the leaves have fallen away....
s and leaves
Leaves

Leaves are an Iceland five-piece alternative rock band who formed in 2001. They came to prominence in 2002 with their debut album, Breathe, drawing comparisons to groups such as Coldplay and Doves....
 extending from the trunk
Trunk

Trunk may refer to:In biology:*Trunk, torso*Trunk, an Elephant#Trunk*Trunk , a tree's central superstructureIn containers:*Trunk ...
 or main stems. A plant canopy
Canopy (forest)

Canopy refers to the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by Crown_.Canopy is also the term for the upper layer or zone of a forest, formed by Crown_ and including other biological organisms ....
 consists of one or more plant crowns growing in given area.

Shapes of crowns are highly variable. The major types for trees are the excurrent branching habit resulting in conoid shapes and decurrent
Decurrent

Decurrent is a botany term used to describe plant parts that extend downward, most often applied to leaf blades that partly wrap or have wings around the stem or petiole and extend down along the stem....
 (deliquescent) branching habit, resulting in round shapes. Crowns are also characterized by their width, depth, surface area, volume, and density. Measurements of crowns are important in quantifying and qualifying plant's health, growth stage and efficiency.

The upper branches of the crown constitute the canopy
Canopy (forest)

Canopy refers to the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by Crown_.Canopy is also the term for the upper layer or zone of a forest, formed by Crown_ and including other biological organisms ....
.

The major functions of the crown are light energy assimilation via photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

File:Seawifs global biosphere.jpgPhotosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight....
, energy release by respiration, and transpiration
Transpiration

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the aerial parts of plants, especially leaf but also Plant stems, flowers and roots. Leaf surfaces are dotted with openings called stoma that are bordered by guard cells....
 (loss of water into the atmosphere). All these functions are performed by leaves. Branches of the crown provide distribution of the leaves to perform the above functions efficiently.

See also

  • Apical dominance
    Apical dominance

    In plant physiology, apical dominance is the phenomenon whereby the main central Plant stem of the plant is dominant over other side stems ; on a branch the main stem of the branch is further dominant over its own side branchlets....
  • Pruning
    Pruning

    Pruning is the process of removing certain above-ground elements from a plant; in landscaping this process usually involves removal of diseased, non-productive, or otherwise unwanted portions from a plant....
  • Fruit tree forms
    Fruit tree forms

    The shapes of most fruit trees can be manipulated by Pruning fruit trees and training in order to increase yield, or to improve their suitability for different situations and conditions....
  • Growth habit (determinate growth, indeterminate growth
    Indeterminate growth

    In biology and especially botany, indeterminate growth refers to growth that is not terminated in contrast to determinate growth that stops once a genetically pre-determined structure has completely formed....
    , semideterminate growth, flushing growth, etc.)
  • Habit (biology)
    Habit (biology)

    Habit, when used in the context of biology, refers to the instinctive actions of animals and the natural tendencies of plants.In zoology, this term is used most often to describe where an animal spends most of its life cycle....