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Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
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Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a Chinese-language film in the wuxia (chivalric and martial arts) style, released in 2000. A China-Hong Kong-Taiwan-United States co-production, the film was directed by Ang Lee and featured an international cast of ethnic Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi and Chang Chen. The movie was based on the fourth novel in a pentalogy, known in China as the Crane-Iron Pentalogy, by wuxia novelist Wang Dulu.

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Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a Chinese-language film in the wuxia (chivalric and martial arts) style, released in 2000. A China-Hong Kong-Taiwan-United States co-production, the film was directed by Ang Lee and featured an international cast of ethnic Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi and Chang Chen. The movie was based on the fourth novel in a pentalogy, known in China as the Crane-Iron Pentalogy, by wuxia novelist Wang Dulu. The martial arts and action sequences were choreographed by Yuen Wo Ping, well known for his work in The Matrix and other films.
Made on a mere US$15 million budget, with dialogue in Mandarin, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon became a surprise international success. After its US premier at the Hawaii International Film Festival, it grossed US$128 million in the United States alone, becoming the highest-grossing foreign-language film in American history. It has won over 40 awards. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and three other Academy Awards, and was nominated for six other Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The film also won three BAFTAs and two Golden Globes, one for "Best Foreign Film" as well as additional nominations for ten BAFTAs including "Best Picture".
Plot
The fictional story is set in the historic Qing Dynasty in China, in the 43rd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1778).
The story follows two martial arts warriors, Li Mu-bai (Chow Yun-Fat) and Yu Shu-lien (Michelle Yeoh). The two characters are attracted to each other but have abstained from a relationship. Mu-bai, an accomplished Wudang swordsman, asks Shu-lien to give his valuable sword, the Green Destiny, to his friend Sir Te because he wants to leave his warrior life behind but Sir Te decides to keep it for safekeeping in Beijing. In the meantime, Mu-bai intends to commemorate the death of his master, who was murdered long ago by Jade Fox (Cheng Pei-pei), a woman who sought to learn Wudang. Also searching for Jade Fox is Tsai (Da Ming Wang) an undercover police inspector.
In Beijing, Shu-lien delivers the sword and meets Jen (Zhang Ziyi), the daughter of Governor Yu, a Manchu aristocrat. Jen is destined for an arranged marriage, yet yearns for adventure; she becomes fascinated with the warrior Shu-lien.
One night, a masked thief sneaks onto Sir Te's estate and steals the Green Destiny. Tsai, Shu-lien, and others pursue the thief across rooftops, walls, and other obstacles. Shu-lien discovers that the thief is well-versed in the Wudang school of martial arts. The fight is broken off when a mysterious figure shoots a dart at Shu-lien, which she catches just in time.
Mu-bai and Shu-lien trace the theft to Governor Yu's compound and learn that Jade Fox has been posing as Jen's governess for many years to evade the authorities. Jade Fox challenges Inspector Tsai, his daughter May, and Master Bo to a showdown; she easily defeats all 3 of them before Mu-bai arrives and outmaneuvers Jade Fox, but the masked thief reappears and, to Mu-bai's amazement, uses Wudang techniques. After another short confrontation in which Tsai is killed, the thief and Jade Fox escape, and in a confrontation, Jade Fox realizes that Jen (the "thief") has secretly read her Wudang manual and surpassed her in skill. Mu-bai catches the masked Jen attempting to return the Green Destiny, and after defeating her, suggests that she become his apprentice. She refuses and escapes.
The dart that prevented Shu-Lien from capturing Jen came from a man named Lo (Chang Chen), who returns and asks Jen to leave with him. A flashback reveals that Lo is a desert bandit called Dark Cloud who had raided Jen's caravan and stolen her comb. Jen chased after him to get it back; Lo defeated and kidnapped her. However, they eventually fell in love. Lo convinced Jen to return to her family, though not before telling her a legend of a man who jumped off a cliff but did not die. Instead, his wishes came true.
Lo has come to Beijing to persuade Jen not to go through with her arranged marriage. However, Jen refuses to leave with him. Soon after, she is married in an elaborate ceremony. Mu-bai and Shu-lien find Lo and tell him to wait for Jen at Wudang Mountain. The day after her wedding, Jen runs away. She is at a crossroads: should she be a court official's wife, the lover of a desert bandit, an outlaw under Jade Fox, or a martial artist under Li Mu-bai? Headstrong, she rejects the path of Shu-lien and Mu-bai, and starts a fight in a restaurant.
Jen finds Shu-lien, who tells her that Lo is at Wudang Mountain. Jen is outraged, thinking that Shu-lien is setting her up. Shu-lien is angry at Jen's lack of gratitude, and says that she always knew Jen was the thief, but covered it up for the sake of Jen's family. The two women fight, and it becomes clear that Shu-lien has better technique but Jen has the better sword (the Green Destiny). Mu-bai arrives and pursues Jen into the forest. He again offers to train her and she says that she will accept him as her master if he can take the Green Destiny from her in three moves. To Jen's surprise, Mu-bai snatches the sword from her hand in a single movement. When Jen still refuses to become Mu-bai's pupil, he throws the Green Destiny over a waterfall. Jen chases after the sword, and Mu-bai is too shocked to pursue her.
Jen retrieves the sword and is rescued by Jade Fox. She puts Jen into a drugged sleep and leaves her in a cavern. Mu-bai and Shu-lien find her there. Jade Fox suddenly reappears and attacks the others with poisoned needles. Mu-bai blocks all but one needle with his sword. He avenges his master's death by mortally wounding Jade Fox, only to realize that he has been hit with a poisoned needle. With his last breaths, Mu-bai confesses his love for Shu-lien. Shu-lien is heartbroken at his death, and furious with Jen for spoiling her chance at happiness. However, Shu-lien spares Jen's life and instructs her always to remain true to herself.
Jen goes to Wudang Mountain and spends one last night with Lo, who is waiting for her. The next morning, Lo finds Jen standing on a balcony overlooking the edge of the mountain. In an echo of the legend that they spoke about in the desert, she asks him to make a wish. He complies, wishing them to be together, back in the desert, and Jen leaps into the clouds.
Production and marketing
Although its Academy Award was presented to Taiwan, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was in fact an international co-production between companies in four regions: the Chinese company China Film Co-Production Corporation; the American companies Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia, Sony Pictures Classics and Good Machine; the Hong Kong company EDKO Film; and the Taiwanese Zoom Hunt International Productions Company, Ltd; as well as the unspecified United China Vision, and Asia Union Film & Entertainment Ltd., created solely for this film.
The film was made in Beijing, with location shooting in the Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu and Xinjiang provinces of the People's Republic of China.
Unlike most Chinese films, this one was supported by American distributors and therefore received marketing typical of Western films. It opened first in China and made its US premier as the opening film of the 2000 Hawaii International Film Festival.
The movie was also adapted into a video game.
Reception and aftermath
Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, receiving critical acclaim and numerous awards. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 97% of critics gave Crouching Tiger positive reviews, based on 141 reviews, while Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 93 out of 100, based on 31 reviews.
Some Chinese-speaking viewers were bothered by the accents of the leading actors. Neither Chow (a native Cantonese speaker) nor Yeoh (an overseas Chinese born and raised in Malaysia) speaks Mandarin as a mother tongue. All four main actors spoke with different accents: Chow speaks with a Cantonese accent; Yeoh with a Malaysian accent; Chang Chen a Taiwanese accent; and Zhang Ziyi a Beijing accent. Yeoh responded to this complaint in a December 28, 2000 interview with Cinescape. She argued that "My character lived outside of Beijing, and so I didn’t have to do the Beijing accent." When the interviewer, Craig Reid, remarked that "My mother-in-law has this strange Szechuan-Mandarin accent that’s hard for me to understand," Yeoh responded: "Yes, provinces all have their very own strong accents. When we first started the movie, Cheng Pei Pei was going to have her accent, and Chang Zhen was going to have his accent, and this person would have that accent. And in the end nobody could understand what they were saying. Forget about us, even the crew from Beijing thought this was all weird."
The film led to a boost in popularity of Chinese wuxia films in the western world, where they were previously little known, and led to films such as House of Flying Daggers and Hero marketed towards western audiences. The film also provided the breakthrough role for Zhang Ziyi's career, who noted that:
The film also ranks at number 497 on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.
Awards
Won
- ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards: Top Box Office Films (Tan Dun)
- Academy Awards:
- Best Foreign Language Film (Taiwan)
- Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Best Music, Original Score (Tan Dun)
- Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Timmy Yip [art director])
- Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films ("Saturn Award"): Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film
- Australian Film Institute: Best Foreign Film
- BAFTA Awards:
- David Lean Award for Direction (Ang Lee)
- Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music (Tan Dun)
- Best Costume Design (Timmy Yip)
- Bergen International Film Festival: Audience Award (Ang Lee)
- Bodil Awards: Best Non-American Film
- Bogey Awards (Germany): Bogey Award
- Boston Society of Film Critics: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Foreign Language Film
- Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau), Best Original Score (Tan Dun)
- Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Best Foreign Film, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Directors Guild of America: Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures (Ang Lee)
- Film Critics Circle of Australia: Best Foreign Language Film
- Flanders International Film Festival (Belgium): Georges Delerue Prize (Tan Dun)
- Florida Film Critics Circle: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Golden Bauhinia Awards (Hong Kong): Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress (Ziyi Zhang), Golden Bauhinia - Best Director (Ang Lee)
- Golden Globe Awards:
- Best Foreign Language Film (Taiwan)
- Best Director - Motion Picture (Ang Lee)
- Golden Horse Film Festival (Taiwan): Best Picture (Ang Lee), Best Action Direction (Woo-ping Yuen), Best Editing (Tim Squyres), Best Sound Effects (Eugene Gearty), Best Visual Effects (Leo Lo and Rob Hodgson)
- Golden Trailer Awards: Best Art and Commerce (for the trailer), Best Romance (for the trailer)
- Grammy Awards:
- Best Score Soundtrack Album For A Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media (Tan Dun)
- Hong Kong Film Awards: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress (Pei-pei Cheng), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Cinematography (Peter Pau), Best Original Film Score (Tan Dun), Best Original Film Song (CoCo Lee [performer]), Best Action Choreography (Woo-ping Yuen), Best Sound Design (Eugene Gearty)
- Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards: Special Achievement Award (Woo-ping Yuen)
- Hugo Awards: Best Dramatic Presentation
- Independent Spirit Awards: Best Feature, Best Supporting Female (Ziyi Zhang), Best Director (Ang Lee)
- Kansas City Film Critics Circle: Best Foreign Language Film
- London Film Critics Circle: Best Foreign Language Film
- Los Angeles Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau), Best Music Score (Tan Dun), Best Production Design (Timmy Yip)
- MTV Movie Awards: Best Fight (Ziyi Zhang vs. entire bar)
- Motion Picture Sound Editors ("Golden Reel Award"): Best Sound Editing - Dialogue & ADR, Domestic Feature Film
- National Board of Review: Best Foreign Language Film
- New York Film Critics Circle: Best Cinematographer (Peter Pau)
- Online Film Critics Society: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Robert Festival (Denmark): Best Non-American Film
- Satellite Awards: Best Motion Picture, Foreign Language
- Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America: Best Script
- Southeastern Film Critics Association: Best Foreign Language Film
- Toronto Film Critics Association: Best Picture, Best Supporting Performance - Female (Ziyi Zhang)
- Toronto International Film Festival: People's Choice Award (Ang Lee)
- Young Artist Awards: Best Young Actress in an International Film (Ziyi Zhang)
Nominations
- Academy Awards:
- Best Picture (Murphy)
- Best Director (Ang Lee)
- Best Adapted Screenplay (Hui-Ling Wang, James Schamus and Kuo Jung Tsai)
- Best Costume Design (Timmy Yip)
- Best Editing (Tim Squyres)
- Best Original Song (Jorge Calandrelli, Tan Dun [composers] and James Schamus [lyricist] Coco Lee [performer]) - for the song "A Love Before Time"
- Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films ("Saturn Award"): Best Actor (Yun-Fat Chow), Best Actress (Michelle Yeoh), Best Supporting Actress (Ziyi Zhang), Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Writing (Hui-Ling Wang, James Schamus and Kuo Jung Tsai), Best Music (Tan Dun and Yo-Yo Ma), Best Costumes (Timmy Yip)
- Amanda Awards (Norway): Best Foreign Feature Film
- American Cinema Editors ("Eddie Award"): Best Edited Feature Film - Dramatic (Tim Squyres)
- American Society of Cinematographers: Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases
- Art Directors Guild: Excellence in Production Design Award Feature Film - Period or Fantasy Films
- BAFTA Awards:
- Best Film
- Best Actress (Michelle Yeoh)
- Best Supporting Actress (Ziyi Zhang)
- Best Screenplay - Adapted (James Schamus, Hui-Ling Wang and Kuo Jung Tsai)
- Best Cinematography (Peter Pau)
- Best Editing (Tim Squyres)
- Best Sound (Drew Kunin, Reilly Steele, Eugene Gearty and Robert Fernandez)
- Best Production Design (Timmy Yip)
- Best Make Up/Hair (Yun-Ling Man and Siu-Mui Chau)
- Best Special Visual Effects (Rob Hodgson, Leo Lo, Jonathan F. Styrlund, Bessie Cheuk and Travis Baumann)
- Blockbuster Entertainment Awards: Favorite Action Team [Internet Only] (Yun-Fat Chow and Michelle Yeoh)
- British Society of Cinematographers: Best Cinematography Award (Peter Pau)
- Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Picture
See also
External links
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