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Crotone

Crotone

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	Croton may also refer to a plant genus. See Croton (genus) Croton (genus) *Croton* is an extensive plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae established by Carolus Linnaeus in 1737. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius.... . Or to the NY village Croton-on-Hudson. Crotone is a city in Calabria Calabria Calabria , is a Regions of Italy in Southern Italy Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian peninsula. It is bounded to the north by the region of Basilicata, to the south-west by the region of Sicily, to the west by the Tyrrhenian Sea, and to the east by the Ionian Sea.... , southern Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia.... , on the Ionian Sea Ionian Sea The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy, including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula, to the west, by southwestern Albania, including Saranda and Himara, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east.... . Founded circa 710 BC as the Achaea Achaea Achaea is an ancient province and a present prefectures of Greece of Greece, on the northern coast of the Peloponnese, stretching from the mountain ranges of Erymanthus and Cyllene on the south to a narrow strip of fertile land on the north, bordering the Gulf of Corinth, into which the mountain Panachaicus projects.... n colony of Croton (; Modern Greek Modern Greek Modern Greek refers the varieties of Greek spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic modern features of the language had been present centuries earli... : ???t??a?; ), it was known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages Middle Ages File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi... until 1928, when its name was changed to Crotone. In 1994 it became the capital of the newly established Province of Crotone Province of Crotone The Province of Crotone is a Provinces of Italy in the Calabria region of Italy. It was created in 1996 out of part of the Province of Catanzaro.... . As of December 31, 2004, its population was 60,517. History Croton was long one of the most flourishing cities of Magna Graecia Magna Graecia Magna Graecia is the name of the area in Southern Italy and Sicily that was Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies by Greek settlers in the eighth century BC, who brought with them the lasting imprint of their Hellenic civilization.... . Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From 588 BC onwards, Croton produced many generations of victors in the Olympics Ancient Olympic Games The Ancient Olympic Games, originally referred to as simply the Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions held for representatives of various city-states of Ancient Greece.... and the other Panhellenic Games Panhellenic Games *Panhellenic Games* is the collective term for four separate sports festivals held in ancient Greece.The four Games were:* Ancient Olympic Games - the most important and prestigious of the Games, held every four years near Elis, in honour of Zeus... , the most famous of whom was Milo of Croton Milo of Croton Milo of Croton was a 6th century BC Greek wrestling from the Greek colony of Crotone in southern Italy who enjoyed a successful athletic career and won many victories in the most important athletic festivals of ancient Greece.... . According to Herodotus Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus was a Greeks historian who lived in the 5th century BC and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture.... (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks. Pythagoras Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionians Ancient Greeks mathematician and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. He is often revered as a great mathematician, mysticism and scientist; however some have questioned the scope of his contributions to mathematics and natural philosophy.... founded his school, the Pythagoreans Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism is a term used for the esoteric and metaphysics beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, who were much influenced by mathematics and probably a very inspirational source for Plato and Platonism.... , at Croton circa 530 BC. Among his pupils were the early medical theorist Alcmaeon of Croton Alcmaeon of Croton Alcmaeon of Crotone was one of the most eminent natural philosophers and medical theorists of antiquity. His father's name was Pirithus, and he is said by some to have been a pupil of Pythagoras, and must therefore have lived in the latter half of the 6th century BC.... and the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer Philolaus Philolaus Philolaus was a Greeks Pythagoreanism and Presocratic. He argued that all matter is composed of limited and unlimited things, and that the universe is determined by numbers.... . The Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of one thousand by which the city was ruled. Sybaris Sybaris Sybaris was a celebrated city of Magna Graecia on the western shore of the Gulf of Taranto. The wealth of the city in the 6th century BC was such that the Sybarites became synonymous with pleasure and luxury.... was the rival of Croton until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the wrestler Milo, against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, by which the Pythagoreans were driven out and a democracy established. In 480 BC, Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis Battle of Salamis The Battle of Salamis , was a naval battle fought between an Alliance of Greece city-states and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia in September 480 BC in the straits between the mainland and Salamis Island, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens.... (Herodotus 8.47), but the victory of Locri Locri Locri is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Calabria, Calabria, southern Italy. The name derives from the ancient Greek "Locris" .... and Rhegium Reggio Calabria Reggio di Calabria , commonly known as Reggio Calabria or Reggio, is a city in southern Italy Italy, the Capital of the Province of Reggio Calabria as well as the largest and oldest city in the Calabria region.... over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. It was replaced by Heraclea Heraclea (Lucania) Heraclea was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated in Lucania on the Gulf of Tarentum , but a short distance from the sea, and between the rivers Aciris and Siris , the site of which is located in the modern comune of Policoro, Province of Matera, Basilicata, Italy.... as headquarters of the Italiote League Italiotes The Italiotes were the pre-Roman Greek language-speaking inhabitants of the Italian peninsula, between Naples and Sicily . During the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Italiotes were distinguished from the non-Greek inhabitants of southern Italy.... . Dionysius Dionysius I of Syracuse Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder , tyrant of Syracuse, Italy, conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Ancient Greece colonies.... , the tyrant of Syracuse Syracuse, Italy Syracuse is a historic city in southern Italy, the Capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is noted for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture and association to Archimedes, playing an important role in ancient times as one of the top powers of the Mediterranean world; it is over 2,700 years old.... , aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve years. Croton was then occupied by the Bruttii Bruttii The Bruttii , were an ancient Ancient peoples of Italy people who inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of Lucania to the Straits of Messina and the promontory of Leucopetra, roughly corresponding to modern Calabria.... , with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a Carthaginian Carthage Carthage refers both to an ancient city in present-day Tunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian.... force, soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri. In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, Agathocles Agathocles Agathocles , , was tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily and king of Sicily .... . When Pyrrhus Pyrrhus of Epirus Pyrrhus or Pyrrhos was a Greeks general of the Hellenistic civilization. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house , and later he became King of Epirus and Macedon .... invaded Italy (280-278, 275 BC), Croton was still a considerable city, with twelve miles of walls, but after the Pyrrhic War Pyrrhic War The Pyrrhic War was a complex series of battles and shifting political alliances among the ancient greece , roman republic, the Italian peoples , and the Carthage... , half the city was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to Rome Roman Republic The Roman Republic was the phase of the Ancient Rome characterized by a republican form of government; a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman Roman Kingdom, c.... in 277 BC. After the Battle of Cannae Battle of Cannae The Battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War, taking place on August 2, 216 BC near the town of Cannae in Apulia in southeast Italy.... in the Second Punic War Second Punic War The Second Punic War lasted from 218 BC to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. It was the second of three major wars between Carthage and the Roman Republic.... (216 BC), Croton revolted from Rome, and Hannibal made it his winter quarters for three years; it was not recaptured until 205 or 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the Republican and Imperial Roman Empire The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean.... periods, though the action of one of the more significant surviving fragments of the Satyricon Satyricon *Satyricon* is a Latin language work of fiction in a mixture of prose and poetry. It is believed to have been written by Petronius, though the manuscript tradition identifies the author as a certain Titus Petronius.... of Petronius Petronius Gaius Petronius Arbiter was a Roman Empire courtier during the reign Nero. He is speculated to be the author of the Satyricon, a satire believed to have been written during the Neronian age.... is set in Croton. Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by Totila Totila Totila was king of the Ostrogoths from 541 until his death. He waged the Gothic War against the Byzantine Empire for the mastery of Italy. Most of the historical evidence for Totila consists of chronicles by the Byzantine historian Procopius, who accompanied the Byzantine general Belisarius during the Gothic War.... , king of the Ostrogoths. At a later date it became a part of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.... . About 870 it was taken and sacked by the Saracen Saracen Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first, then later for all who professed the religion of Islam.... s, who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral. Over a hundred years later, Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II , called the Red, was the third ruler of the Saxony or Ottonian dynasty, the son of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and Adelaide of Italy.... , mounted a campaign in southern Italy to drive them out and reduce the power of the Byzantines, but was defeated by a Kalbid Kalbids The Kalbids were a Muslim dynasty in Sicily, which ruled from 948 to 1053.In 827, in the midst of internal Byzantine Empire conflict, the Aghlabids arrived at Marsala in Sicily, with a fleet of 10,000 men under the command of Asad ibn al-Furat.... army near Cotrone on July 13, 982 982 Events... . Later on Cotrone was conquered by the Normans Normans The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock.... . Thereafter it shared the fate of the Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Naples The Kingdom of Naples is the modern day name for a polity which existed on the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Also known contemporaneously, and somewhat confusingly, as the Kingdom of Sicily, this kingdom was founded after the secession of the island of Sicily from the old Kingdom of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers... —including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Charles V Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556.... , overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded by the Treaty of London to Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austrian Empire.... in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Crotone's location between the ports of Taranto Taranto Taranto is a coastal city in Puglia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base.... and Messina, as well as its proximity to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. Unfortunately, the two main employers, Pertusola Sud and Montedison, collapsed. By the late 1980s Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to find work elsewhere. In 1996, a flood dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life rankings. Main sights the Cathedral, originally from the 9th-11th century, but largely rebuilt. It has a neo-classical façade, while the interior has a nave with two aisles, with Baroque decorations. Noteworthy are a baptismal font (12th century) and the Madonna di Capo Colonna, the icon of the Black Madonna which, according to the tradition, was brought from East in the first years of the Christian era. The 16th century Castle of Charles V. It houses the Town Museum, with findings excavated in the ancient site of Kroton. Notables are also the remnants of the walls, of the same century, and of various watchtowers. The ancient castle built on an island, with accessibility on foot limited to a narrow strip of land, is referred to as Le Castella. Transportation Crotone Airport Crotone Airport Crotone Airport or Sant'Anna Airport is an airport serving Crotone, in the Calabria Region of Italy.... (Sant'Anna Airport) is served by Air One Air One Air One S.p.A., a part of Alitalia, is an airline based in Rome, Italy. It operates a high-frequency scheduled network to 36 destinations in Italy, Europe and North America.... and charter airlines. Crotone has also a railway station, although much of the tourism is served by the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway. In recent time Crotone Port has been used by visitors on yacht charter Yacht charter Yacht chartering is the practice of renting, or chartering, a sailboat or motor yacht and travelling to various coastal or island destinations. This is usually a vacation Recreation, but it also can be a Corporate Entertainment.... cruising vacations. Religion According to local legend the Gospel was preached there by St. Dionysius the Areopagite Dionysius the Areopagite Dionysius the Areopagite was the judge of the Areopagus who, as related in the Acts of the Apostles, , was converted to Christianity by the preaching of the Paul of Tarsus.... . Its first known bishop was Flavianus, during whose episcopate occurred the siege of the city by Totila. Other bishops were: Theodosios (642); Petrus (680); Theotimus (790); and Nicephorus (870). Worthy of note are: Antonio Sebastiano Minturno (1565), a polished writer and poet; Juan López (1595), a Spanish Dominican Dominican Order The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century in France.... ; Tommaso dai Monti (1599), a Theatine Theatines The Theatines or the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Divine Providence are a male religious order of the Catholic Church, with the post-nominal initials "C.R."... famous for his zeal; and Niceforo Melisseno Comneno (1628), who had previously rendered signal service to the Holy See Holy See The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church.... in the Orient and in France. Museums Croton hosts a national archaeological museum, a municipal museum, a municipal art gallery, and a provincial museum of contemporary art, as well as the Antiquarium di Torre Nao. Sport F.C. Crotone F.C. Crotone Football Club Crotone is a football club based in Crotone, Calabria. The club was formed in 1923 and currently plays in Italian Lega Pro Prima Divisione.... is a football Football (soccer) Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world.... club in Serie C1 Serie C1 Lega Pro Prima Divisione is the name of the third highest football league in Italy. It consists of 36 teams, divided geographically into two divisions of 18 teams each.... . Notable people Milo Milo of Croton Milo of Croton was a 6th century BC Greek wrestling from the Greek colony of Crotone in southern Italy who enjoyed a successful athletic career and won many victories in the most important athletic festivals of ancient Greece.... (6th century BC) Greek athlete Astylos Astylos of Croton Astylos of Croton was an athlete from ancient Greece that starred in the ancient Olympics of the 5th century BC. He was mentioned in records from General Pausanias that claim he excelled in three successive Olympic games from 488 BC to 480 BC, in the running events of stade and Architectural glossary#Diaulos.... (5th century BC) Greek athlete External links "Croton"