Craiovesti

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Craiovesti

The Craiovesti, later Brâncovenesti, were a boyar

Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
family in Wallachia

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
who gave the country several of its Princes

List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania....
and held the title of Ban

Ban (title)

Ban is a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century....
of Oltenia

Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
(whether of Strehaia

Strehaia

Strehaia is a town in Mehedinti County, Oltenia, Romania. It is situated 25 km west of Filiasi, on the Motru River valley. Forests in the vicinity are home to the largest Herman's Tortoise colonies in Oltenia....
or Craiova

Craiova

Craiova , the fifth largest Romanian city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians and the Danube ....
) for ca. 60 years.

first member to rise to prominence was a certain Neagoe, a member of the Sfat who became Ban of Strehaia under Basarab Tepelus cel Tânar

Basarab Tepelus cel Tânar

Basarab Tepelus cel T?nar was a ruler of the principality of Wallachia, between the years 1477-1481, and again from 1481 to 1482. Curiously, and symbolically of the unstable political climate of Medieval Wallachia, despite the fact that he was removed from his position in 1481, and replaced the same year, two other men were granted the title...
(sometime after 1477). His son Pârvu Craiovescu (d.

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Encyclopedia

The Craiovesti, later Brâncovenesti, were a boyar

Boyar

Wallachia

List of rulers of Wallachia

Ban (title)

Ban is a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century....
of Oltenia

Oltenia

Strehaia

Craiova

History

The first member to rise to prominence was a certain Neagoe, a member of the Sfat who became Ban of Strehaia under Basarab Tepelus cel Tânar

Basarab Tepelus cel Tânar

Neagoe Basarab

Neagoe Basarab was the Voivode of Wallachia between 1512 and 1521. Born into the boyar family of the Craiovesti as the son of P?rvu Craiovescu or Basarab Tepelus cel T?nar, Neagoe Basarab, who replaced Vlad cel T?nar after the latter rejected Craiovesti tutelage, was noted for his abilities and competence....
- who became Prince of Wallachia in 1512 after replacing Vlad cel Tânar (who had begun opposing the family's political influence); in the late 1400s, the Craiovesti had been a leading and extremely rich dynasty, virtually independent rulers of Oltenia, regional allies of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
in front of princely authority, builders of churches on Mount Athos

Mount Athos

Mount Athos is a mountain on the peninsula of the same name in Macedonia , of northern Greece, called in Greek language Agion Oros , or in English, "Holy Mountain"....
, and administrators of the Ottoman customs in Vidin

Vidin

Vidin is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Serbia and Romania, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin ....
(present-day Bulgaria

Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
). After an Ottoman occupation in the early 1520s convinced the Craiovesti to rally behind their Prince Radu de la Afumati, their agreement with Sultan

Ottoman Dynasty

File:Barber cape.jpgThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan....
Süleyman the Magnificent brought about Radu's defeat and submission.

The Oltenian line of succession of the Craiovesti was ended by Vlad Înecatul

Vlad Înecatul

Vlad ?necatul was a Voivode of Wallachia between June 1530 and 1532, According to a document of Mihnea Turcitul's Court, Vlad ?necatul was son of Vlad cel T?nar - the two, although separated by almost two decades, have for long been confused....
, who used this as a means to quell boyar rebellions.

Through the closely related Brâncovenesti, the family once again rose to the throne: first with Matei Basarab

Matei Basarab

Matei Basarab was a Wallachian Voivode between 1632 and 1654....
(ruled 1632-1654), and a second time with Constantin Brâncoveanu

Constantin Brâncoveanu

Constantin Br?ncoveanu was List of Wallachian rulers of Wallachia between 1689 and 1714....
(ruled 1688-1714). Although also related to the Cantacuzino family

Cantacuzino family

The Cantacuzino family is an old boyar family of Wallachia which they claim to get their roots from the Byzantine Emperor John VI Cantacuzenus....
, the Brâncovenesti entered a bloody feud with the latter, centered on mutual denounciations for treason

Treason

In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more serious acts of loyalty to one's sovereignty or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife ....
to the Ottoman overlord - in reality, Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu's secret negotiations with the Habsburg Monarchy

Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
and Peter the Great

Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
's Imperial Russia were continued (after his execution in Istanbul

Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....
) by his rival and successor Stefan Cantacuzino

Stefan Cantacuzino

Stefan Cantacuzino , was a List of Wallachian rulers of Wallachia between April 1714 and January 21, 1716, the son of stolnic Constantin Cantacuzino....
.

The latter's downfall brought the establishment of Phanariote rules

Phanariotes

Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks were members of those prominent Greeks families residing in Fener, the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople, where the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is situated....
, enforced as a measure of security by Sultan

Ottoman Dynasty

Ahmed III

Ahmed III was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV . His mother was Valide Sultan Mah-Para Ummatullah Rabia G?l-Nush, :tr:Emetullah Rabia G?lnus Sultan, originally named Evemia, a Greeks....
. The Brâncovenesti-Cantacuzino conflict is mirrored in Dimitrie Cantemir

Dimitrie Cantemir

Dimitrie Cantemir was twice List of Moldavian rulers of Moldavia . He was also a prolific Intellectual – philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguistics, ethnographer, and geographer....
's Historia Hieroglyphica (a work which takes the Cantacuzinos' side).

Members of the family remained present in the political life of Wallachia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, and were seated in the Divan among the few pro-Russian boyar families. Ban Grigore Brâncoveanu was the leader of the regency

Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
council after the death of Prince Alexander Soutzos (in 1821) - he approached the nationalist

Nationalism

Nationalism refers to an ideology, a feeling, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. While there is significant debate over the historical origins of nations, nearly all Expert accept that nationalism, at least as an ideology and social movement, is a Modernity phenomenon originating in Europe....
leader of Oltenian pandurs

Pandurs

Pandurs were a Formation army made out of mainly Croats from the town of Pandur that was deployed primarily to raid behind enemy lines, attack baggage and supply trains, conduct guerrilla warfare, and to fight in extended formations....
, Tudor Vladimirescu

Tudor Vladimirescu

Tudor Vladimirescu was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia. He is also known as Tudor din Vladimiri or?seldomly?as Domnul Tudor ....
, in an attempt to block Scarlat Callimachi's ascension to the throne, thus providing the context for the anti-Phanariote uprising of that year

Wallachian uprising of 1821

The Wallachian uprising of 1821 was an Rebellion in Wallachia which took place during 1821. The leader of the uprising was Tudor Vladimirescu....
(he also welcomed Russian occupation during the War of 1828-1829

Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829

The Russo?Turkish War of 1828?1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. The war broke out after the Sultan, incensed by the Russian participation in the Battle of Navarino, closed the Dardanelles for Russian ships and revoked the Akkerman Convention....
).

Its last representative, Zoe Brâncoveanu, born Mavrocordatos

Mavrocordatos

Mavrocordatos was the name of a family of Phanariotes Greeks, distinguished in the history of the Ottoman Empire, Wallachia, Moldavia, and modern Greece....
and adopted by Ban Grigore in 1820, married Prince Gheorghe Bibescu

Gheorghe Bibescu

Gheorghe Bibescu , was a hospodar of Wallachia between 1843 and 1848. His rule coincided with the Revolutions of 1848 that culminated in the 1848 Wallachian revolution....
- despite their divorce

Divorce

Divorce or dissolution of marriage is a legal process in which a judge or other authority dissolves the bonds of matrimony existing between two persons, thus restoring them to the marital status of being single....
, the patrimony (of Basarab-Brâncoveanu) was passed on to the Bibescu family through the son of Gheorghe and Zoe, Prince Grégoire Bibesco-Bassaraba (the father of Anne de Noailles

Anne de Noailles

Anna, Marquise Mathieu de Noailles...
).