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Craiova , the fifth largest Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
n city and capital of Dolj County
Dolj County

Dolj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ....
, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu
Jiu River

The Jiu is a river of southern Romania. It is formed near Petrosani by the junction of headwaters Jiul de Vest River and Jiul de Est River.It flows southward through the Romanian counties Hunedoara County, Gorj County and Dolj County before flowing into the Danube a few kilometers upstream from the Bulgarian city of Oryahovo, 331 kilometer...
 in central Oltenia
Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians
Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians , also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania, on one side, and Serbia, on the other side....
 (north) and the Danube
Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
 (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest
Bucharest

Bucharest is the capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the D?mbovita River....
 and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

ova, which occupied the site of the Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n and Roman
Roman Dacia

The Roman province of Dacia on the Balkans included the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia, and temporarily Muntenia and southern Moldova, but not the nearby regions of Moesia....
 city Pelendava, was formerly the capital of Oltenia.






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Craiova , the fifth largest Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
n city and capital of Dolj County
Dolj County

Dolj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ....
, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu
Jiu River

The Jiu is a river of southern Romania. It is formed near Petrosani by the junction of headwaters Jiul de Vest River and Jiul de Est River.It flows southward through the Romanian counties Hunedoara County, Gorj County and Dolj County before flowing into the Danube a few kilometers upstream from the Bulgarian city of Oryahovo, 331 kilometer...
 in central Oltenia
Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians
Southern Carpathians

The Southern Carpathians , also called the Transylvanian Alps, are a group of mountain ranges which divide central and southern Romania, on one side, and Serbia, on the other side....
 (north) and the Danube
Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
 (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest
Bucharest

Bucharest is the capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the D?mbovita River....
 and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.

History

Craiova, which occupied the site of the Dacia
Dacia

In ancient geography, Dacia was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Greeks "Getae". Dacia was a large district of East-Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathian Mountains, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisia or Tisza, on the east by the Tyras or Dniester, now in eastern Moldova....
n and Roman
Roman Dacia

The Roman province of Dacia on the Balkans included the modern Romanian regions of Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia, and temporarily Muntenia and southern Moldova, but not the nearby regions of Moesia....
 city Pelendava, was formerly the capital of Oltenia. Its ancient ban
Ban (title)

Ban is a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century....
s, the highest ranking boyars of the Wallachia
Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
n state, initially those of the Craiovesti
Craiovesti

The Craiovesti, later Br?ncovenesti, were a boyar family in Wallachia who gave the country several of its List of rulers of Wallachia and held the title of Ban of Oltenia for ca....
 family. The bans had the right of minting coins
Mint (coin)

A mint is an industrial facility which manufacturing coins for currency.The history of mints correlates closely with the history of coins. One difference is that the history of the mint is normally related in a fashion that more closely ties to the political situation of an era....
 stamped with their own effigies
Effigy

An effigy is a representation of a person, especially in the form of sculpture.The term is usually associated with full-length figures of a deceased person depicted in stone or wood on church monuments....
 - the origin of the Romanian
Romanian language

Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
 word ban
Romanian leu

The leu is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 bani . On 1 July 2005, Romania underwent a currency reform, switching from the previous leu to a new leu ....
 as used for coins.

In 1395 Craiova was probably the scene of a victory won by the Wallachian Prince
List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania....
 Mircea I of Wallachia
Mircea I of Wallachia

Mircea the Elder was one of the most important rulers of Wallachia. The byname "elder" was given to him after his death in order to distinguish him from his grandson Mircea II ....
 over Bayezid I
Bayezid I

Bayezid I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, then R?m, from 1389 to 1402. He was the son of Murad I who was of Turkish people origin and Valide Sultan Gulcicek Hatun or G?l?i?ek Hatun who was of ethnic Greek people descent....
, Sultan
Ottoman Dynasty

File:Barber cape.jpgThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan....
 of the Ottomans
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 (see Battle of Rovine
Battle of Rovine

The Battle of Rovine was one of the most important battles in the early medieval history of Romania. The battle took place on 17 May 1395 between the Wallachian army led by Voivode Mircea I of Wallachia against the Ottoman Empire invasion led by sultan Bayezid I....
).

Frequently referred to as "a city" after the first half of the 16th century, the Craiova area was always regarded as an important economic region of Wallachia and Romania at large. During the 1718-1737 Habsburg
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
 occupation of Oltenia, Craiova's status declined due to economic pressures and increased centralism
Centralized government

A centralized government is the form of government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject....
, partly leading to an increase in hajduk
Hajduk

Hajduk is a term most commonly referring to outlaws, highwayman or freedom fighters in the Balkans.Forms of the word in various languages include:...
 actions, in parallel with protests of Craiovan boyars. In 1761, under Prince Constantine Mavrocordatos
Constantine Mavrocordatos

Constantine Mavrocordatos was a Greeks noble who served as List of rulers of Wallachia of Wallachia and List of rulers of Moldavia of Moldavia at several intervals....
, the bans relocated to Bucharest, leaving behind kaymakam
Kaymakam

A kaymakam is the title used for the governor of a Province district in the Republic of Turkey; additionally, it was a title used for roughly the same official position in the Ottoman Empire....
s to represent them in Craiova.

Under Prince Emanuel Giani Ruset
Emanuel Giani Ruset

Emanuel or Manolache Giani Ruset was a List of rulers of Wallachia of Wallachia , and List of rulers of Moldavia of Moldavia . He was a Phanariotes and member of the Rosetti family....
, Wallachia's seat was moved to Craiova (1770-1771), viewed as a place of refuge during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774
Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768?1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Empire....
. A large part of the city was burned down by the rebel pasha
Pasha

Pasha or pacha, formerly bashaw, was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals....
 Osman Pazvantoglu
Osman Pazvantoglu

Osman Pazvantoglu was a Bosnians Ottoman Empire soldier, a governor of the Vidin district after 1794, and a rebel against Ottoman rule. He is also remembered as the friend of Rigas Feraios, a Greeks revolutionary poet, whom he tried to rescue from the Ottoman authorities in Belgrade....
 in 1800.

During the Wallachian uprising of 1821
Wallachian uprising of 1821

The Wallachian uprising of 1821 was an Rebellion in Wallachia which took place during 1821. The leader of the uprising was Tudor Vladimirescu....
, inhabitants of the present-day Dolj County
Dolj County

Dolj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ....
 joined Tudor Vladimirescu
Tudor Vladimirescu

Tudor Vladimirescu was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia. He is also known as Tudor din Vladimiri or?seldomly?as Domnul Tudor ....
's Pandurs
Pandurs

Pandurs were a Formation army made out of mainly Croats from the town of Pandur that was deployed primarily to raid behind enemy lines, attack baggage and supply trains, conduct guerrilla warfare, and to fight in extended formations....
 in great numbers, contributing to the expedition on Bucharest. During the first two decades of the 19th century, Craiova witnessed economic prosperity, centered on handicraft
Handicraft

Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools....
 trades and public services. During Imperial Russian occupation and the early stages of Organic Statute
Regulamentul Organic

Regulamentul Organic was a Constitution of Romania organic law enforced in 1834?1835 by the Russian Empire authorities in Moldavia and Wallachia ....
 rules (1828-1834), the city increased its economic output; in 1832 there were 595 shops, 197 made of which were barracks and 398 were houses built of brick. At the time, Craiova exported wheat, furs, leather, live animals and other products into the Austrian
Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire was a periodization successor state empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867....
 and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
s.

Costache Romanescu, a citizen of Craiova, was among the leaders of the Provisional Government during the 1848 Wallachian revolution. Wallachia's last two rulers, Gheorghe Bibescu
Gheorghe Bibescu

Gheorghe Bibescu , was a hospodar of Wallachia between 1843 and 1848. His rule coincided with the Revolutions of 1848 that culminated in the 1848 Wallachian revolution....
 and Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei
Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei

Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei , a member of the Bibescu boyar family, was a List of rulers of Wallachia of Wallachia on two occasions, in 1848-1853 and in 1854-1856....
, came from an important boyar family residing in Craiova – the Bibescu family.

Around 1860, there were 4,633 buildings in Craiova, which were comprised of 3,220 houses, 26 churches, 11 schools, and 60 factories and workshops. In all, the city also housed about 90 industrial establishments, of which 12 were mills, 3 beer factories, 2 gas and oil factories, 4 tanning
Tanning

Tanning is the process of making leather, which does not easily Decomposition, from the skins of animals, which do. Often this uses tannin, an acidic chemical compound....
 yards and 2 printing press
Printing press

A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium , thereby transferring an image. The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg around 1439, based on existing screw-presses used to press cloth, grapes etc., and possibly to print wood...
es; 57% of the total number of craftsmen of Dolj County
Dolj County

Dolj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ....
 lived in Craiova (1,088 craftsmen
Master craftsman

A master craftsman was a member of a guild. In the European trade , only master craftsmen were allowed to be members of the guild.An aspiring master would have to pass through the career chain from apprentice to journeyman before he could be elected to become a master craftsman....
, 687 journeymen and 485 apprentices
Apprenticeship

Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a skill. Apprentices or prot?g?s build their careers from apprenticeships....
).

The period following the Independence War
Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877?1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian Empiren goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the Crimean War, reestablishing itself in the Black Sea and following the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire....
 was a time of economic and cultural progress. As a result, at the end of the 19th century, the city of Craiova, with its 40,000 inhabitants, had developed small factories (producing chemicals, farming utilities, and construction materials) and textile factories. On October 26, 1896, the Craiova power station
Power station

A power station is an industrial facility for the Electricity generation of electric power.Power plant is also used to refer to the engine in ships, aircraft and other large vehicles....
 entered service (with AEG
AEG

AEG was a Germany producer of electronics and electrical equipment. AEG was founded in 1883 by Emil Rathenau who had bought some patents from American inventor Thomas Edison....
 equipments working at 310 CP, supplying 365 streetlights on 39 streets, forming a 30 km-long network); Craiova was the first city in the country to be supplied with electric power by internal combustion engine
Internal combustion engine

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in a combustion chamber inside and integral to the engine. In an internal combustion engine it is always the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases that are produced by the combustion which apply force to the movable component of the engine, such as...
s.

In 1900, Craiova had 43.1% of the industrial units of Oltenia
Oltenia

Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
; these numbered 924 industrial companies (including 20 large industrial establishments, employing 1,078 workers). The number of large industrial establishments rose to 40 by 1925. Banking also developed at the beginning of the 20th century (when 6 banks and 2 exchange offices were already operating).

In the interwar period, Craiova, as the center of an agricultural region, experienced little further industrialization
Industrialization

Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industry one....
; the number of industrial workers remained comparatively small. In 1939, Craiova had 7 industrial units with over 100 workers: the cloth industry companies Oltenia and Scrisul Românesc were well-known all over the country and abroad.

After ca. 1960, under the Communist regime
Communist Romania

Communist Romania refers to the period in Romanian history when that country was a dictatorship led by the Romanian Communist Party, the sole legal party....
, the city become a noted center for the automotive
Automaker

The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2007, more than 73 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide....
 and engine building industries, as well as for aerospace manufacturing
Aerospace manufacturer

An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft....
, chemical industry
Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. It is central to modern world economy, converting raw materials into more than 70,000 different products....
, food industry
Food industry

The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population....
, construction
Construction

In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking....
, electrical engineering
Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism....
, mining
Mining

Mining is the extraction of value minerals or other geology materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein or seam. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, Sodium chloride and potash....
 industry, and the electrical power industry
Electrical power industry

The electrical power industry provides the production and delivery of electrical power , often known as power, or electricity, in sufficient quantities to areas that need electricity through a grid connection....
.

After the 1989 Revolution
Romanian Revolution of 1989

The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Government of Nicolae Ceausescu....
 brought the reestablishment of a free market
Free market

A free market is a market that is free of government intervention and regulation, besides the minimal function of maintaining the legal system and protecting property rights, and is also free of private force and fraud....
 and decentralization in overall management, several industries became subject to privatization
Privatization

Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the public sector to the private sector . In a broader sense, privatization refers to transfer of any government function to the private sector including governmental functions like revenue collection and law enforcement....
,while the market opened itself to private initiatives. Industry, although affected by economic changes, remains an important branch, representing ca. 70% of Craiova's output.

Population

The municipality of Craiova has a population of 302,601 (Census 2002). Ethnic composition:
  • Romanians
    Romanians

    ], 26 Nov 2004. Reprinted at , retrieved 18 Dec 2005.External links *...
    : 292,487 (96.66%)
  • Hungarians: 218 (0.07%)
  • Germans
    Germans of Romania

    The Germans of Romania or Rum?niendeutsche were 760,000 strong in 1930. They are not a single group; thus, to understand their language, culture, and history, one must view them as independent groups:...
    : 173 (0.06%)
  • Serbs: 34 (0.01%)
  • Roma
    Roma minority in Romania

    The Romani people constitute one of the major minorities in Romania. According to the 2002 census, they number 535,250 people or 2.5% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarian minority in Romania....
    : 8.820 (2.91%)
  • Italians
    Italians of Romania

    The Italian Romanians are people of Italians who reside, or have moved to Romania. They are an Minorities of Romania in Romania, numbering 3,331 people according to the 2002 census....
    : 178 (0.06%)
  • Greeks: 188 (0.06%)
  • Ukrainians
    Ukrainians of Romania

    The Ukrainians are the third-largest Minorities of Romania in Romania, numbering 61,091 people according to the 2002 census and hence making up 0.3% of the total population....
    : 32 (0.01%)
and 471 others.

Economy

During the post-Revolution period
History of Romania since 1989

1989 revolution 1989 marked the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. A mid-December protest in Timisoara against the eviction of a Hungarian minister grew into a country-wide protest against the Ceausescu r?gime, sweeping the dictator from power....
, telecommunication services, banking and insurance, management consulting
Management consulting

Management consulting refers to both the industry of, and the practice of, helping organizations improve their performance, primarily through the analysis of existing business problems and development of plans for improvement....
 (CDIMM, Romanian-American Center) began expanding. The number of joint ventures and the value of invested capital at county level have increased to large numbers — Dolj County
Dolj County

Dolj is a county of Romania, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova ....
 being the first in respect to these aspects. The Automobile Craiova
Automobile Craiova

Automobile Craiova is a car factory located in Craiova, Romania.After producing the Oltcit for many years, the company decided to go into partnership with the Korean Daewoo firm....
 factory, formerly owned by Daewoo
Daewoo

Daewoo was a major South Korean chaebol . It was founded on 22 March 1967 as Daewoo Industrial and was dismantled by the Korean government in 1999....
 and renationalised after Daewoo's bankruptcy, was sold in September 2007 to Ford
Ford Motor Company

The Ford Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen Group....
.

Of the working population (about 110,000 persons), 38% are employed in industry, 15% in trade and repair services, 10% in transport and storage, 8% in education, 5.7% in the medical field.

Transportation

The public transportation in Craiova consists of 3 trolley
Trolley pole

A trolley pole is a tapered cylindrical pole of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a "live" overhead lines to the control and propulsion equipment of a tram or trolley bus....
 tram
Tram

A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railroad car, of lighter weight and construction than a train, designed for the transport of passengers within, close to, or between villages, towns and/or cities, on tracks running primarily on streets....
 lines and 17 bus lines. It is operated by the , a corporation ran by City Hall. One ticket is around 0.5€.

Craiova is also a major railway center and is connected to all other major Romanian cities, as well as local destinations, through the national Caile Ferate Române
Caile Ferate Române

Caile Ferate Rom?ne is the official designation of the state railway carrier of Romania. Romania has a railway network of 11,380 km of which 3,971 km are electrified and the total track length is 22,247 km ....
 network. Check the for an appropriate connection.

The town taxicab
Taxicab

A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of public transport for a single passenger, or small group of passengers, typically for a non-shared ride....
s are very cheap. For an usual travel you don't pay more than 4€ (around 0.3€/km).

The city is served by the Craiova Airport
Craiova Airport

Craiova Airport is located in south-western part of Romania, near the Craiova municipality, one of Romania's largest cities. The airport region is the headquarters of Avioane Craiova SA , the company which built the Romanian IAR-93 and IAR-99 aircraft....
.

Landmarks

  • Madona Dudu Church - built between 1750 and 1756, renovated in 1844, after being destroyed by an 1831 earthquake. Murals were completed by Gheorghe Tattarescu
    Gheorghe Tattarescu

    Gheorghe Tattarescu was a Moldavian-born Romanian Painting and a pioneer of neoclassicism in his country's modern painting....
    .
  • St. Demetrius Church
  • The Church of Cosuna Monastery - the oldest building preserved in Craiova, dating from 1483.
  • Baniei House - the oldest non-religious building that exists in Craiova, dating from 1699. Today it hosts the Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art.
  • Craiova Art Museum - the building that houses the museum was built in 1896, following the plans of the French architect Paul Gotereau. Its main attraction is the art gallery dedicated to Constantin Brâncusi
    Constantin Brancusi

    Constantin Br?ncusi ), was an internationally renowned Romanian sculpture whose sculptures, which blend simplicity and sophistication, led the way for modern art sculptors....
    , exhibiting six of his early sculptures (including variants of his best-known works): The Kiss (1907), Vitellius (1898), Woman Torso (1909), The Vainglory (1905), Boy's Head (1906), Miss Pogany (1902).
  • Museum of Oltenia - founded in 1915 and divided into three sections: ethnography, history and natural science. The collection is based on donations made in 1908.
  • Nicolae Romanescu Park
    Nicolae Romanescu Park

    The Nicolae Romanescu Park in Craiova, Romania, is the largest and best-known park in the city, and houses its own zoo.Through the initiative of Nicolae P....
     (formerly Bibescu Park) - the largest and most well-known park in Craiova. Through the initiative of Nicolae P. Romanescu, the mayor of Craiova at that time, the park was designed by French architect Émile Rendont. Plans for the park were awarded the gold medal at the 1900 World Fair
    Exposition Universelle (1900)

    The Exposition Universelle of 1900 was a world's fair held in Paris, France, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next....
    ; work began in 1901 and was completed in 1903.
  • Botanical Garden - The garden was laid out by the botanist Alexandru Buia and was opened in 1952. The main purpose of the garden was to facilitate the students' activities and research for the academic staff of the Agriculture and Horticulture Faculties of the University of Craiova
    University of Craiova

    The University of Craiova is a university located in Craiova, Romania. It is an institution of higher education of complex integration, founded in 1947, with four faculties in the beginning, it has developed continuously, the number of specialization's increasing and today it meets the standards of a high quality academic instruction....
    . The Botanical Garden
    Botanical garden

    Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes. Botanists and horticulturalists tend the flora and maintain the garden's library and herbarium of dried and documented plant material....
     is organized in six areas: plant systematics, floral provinces of the globe, cultivated plants, seed beds, phyto-geography of the Oltenia
    Oltenia

    Oltenia is a historical province and geographical region of Romania, in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt River river ....
     region, and a greenhouse
    Greenhouse

    A greenhouse is a building where plants are cultivated.A greenhouse is a structure with a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming solar radiation from the sun warms plants, soil, and other things inside the building....
    .
  • Jiu Meadow


Education

First school in Craiova was founded in 1759 by Constantin Obedeanu. In the spring of 1826 Obedeanu's school takes the name Scoala Nationala de Limba Româna which means National School of Romanian Language. This is the second Romanian high school after Saint Sava high school in Bucharest (founded in 1818).

Primary Schools
  • Obedeanu School
  • Traian School


High Schools
  • Henri Coanda High School
  • Carol I High School
    Carol I High School

    The Carol I High School is a high school located in central Craiova, Romania, on Titu Maiorescu street. It is one of the most prestigious secondary education institutions in Romania....
     (former Nicolae Balcescu
    Nicolae Balcescu

    Nicolae Balcescu was a Romanians Wallachian soldier, historian, journalist, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian Revolution....
     high school).
  • Fratii Buzesti High School
  • Elena Cuza High School
  • Stefan Odobleja High School
  • Traian Vuia High School
  • Nicolae Titulescu High School
  • Stefan Velovan High School


Universities:
  • University of Craiova
    University of Craiova

    The University of Craiova is a university located in Craiova, Romania. It is an institution of higher education of complex integration, founded in 1947, with four faculties in the beginning, it has developed continuously, the number of specialization's increasing and today it meets the standards of a high quality academic instruction....
  • University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova
    Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Craiova

    The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova is a tertiary educational institution in the city of Craiova, in south-western Romania. It was founded on June 5, 1999 as a separate entity....


Sport

FC Universitatea Craiova
FC Universitatea Craiova

FC Universitatea Craiova is one of the most famous football clubs from Romania, along with Steaua Bucuresti and Dinamo Bucuresti. They became the first Romanian football team to reach the semifinals of a European tournament, respective UEFA Cup in the 1982-1983 season ....
 - a Liga I football
Football (soccer)

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world....
 club Luminita Talpos: - Maraton