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The county of Tyrol was a independent county within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, and later a Kronland
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 of Cisleithania
Cisleithania

Cisleithania was the name of the Austria part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. The Cisleithanian lands continued to constitute the Austrian Empire....
n Austria
Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire was a periodization successor state empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867....
. Today its territory is divided between the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol
Tyrol (state)

Tyrol is a States of Austria or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. It comprises the Austrian part of the historical region of Tyrol....
. Both regions are today associated again in the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino

[Image:Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.png|thumb|Detailed map of the Euroregion, formed by the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino....
.

the centuries, the Count
List of rulers of Austria

This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. The territory was ruled by the Babenberg family until 1246 and by the Habsburg family from 1282 to 1918....
s residing in Castle Tyrol
Castle Tyrol

Castle Tyrol or Tirol castle is a castle near Merano, Italy. It was the ancestral seat of the County of Tyrol and gave the region of History of Tyrol its name....
, near Meran, extended their territory over much of the region and came to surpass the power of the bishops, who were nominally their feudal lords.






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The county of Tyrol was a independent county within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, and later a Kronland
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 of Cisleithania
Cisleithania

Cisleithania was the name of the Austria part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. The Cisleithanian lands continued to constitute the Austrian Empire....
n Austria
Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire was a periodization successor state empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867....
. Today its territory is divided between the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol
Tyrol (state)

Tyrol is a States of Austria or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. It comprises the Austrian part of the historical region of Tyrol....
. Both regions are today associated again in the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino
Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino

[Image:Tirol-Suedtirol-Trentino.png|thumb|Detailed map of the Euroregion, formed by the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino....
.

History


Birth of Tyrol

Over the centuries, the Count
List of rulers of Austria

This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. The territory was ruled by the Babenberg family until 1246 and by the Habsburg family from 1282 to 1918....
s residing in Castle Tyrol
Castle Tyrol

Castle Tyrol or Tirol castle is a castle near Merano, Italy. It was the ancestral seat of the County of Tyrol and gave the region of History of Tyrol its name....
, near Meran, extended their territory over much of the region and came to surpass the power of the bishops, who were nominally their feudal lords. Later counts came to hold much of their territory directly from the Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor

Image:HRR 14Jh.jpgThe Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii principle that regarded the Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480....
. The Meinhardinger family, originating in Görz (Gorizia
Gorizia

Gorizia is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce....
), held not only Tyrol and Görz, but for a time also the Duchy of Carinthia.

1363/1369 the Wittelsbach
Wittelsbach

The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a Germany dynasty from Bavaria. Their major principal roles were as List of rulers of Bavaria , Electoral Palatinate , List of rulers of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, County of Hainaut and Zeeland , List of bishops and archbishops of Cologne , Duchy of J?lich and Berg , Kings of Sweden...
s released the country for the Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
s when Margarete Maultasch
Margarete Maultasch

Margarete Maultasch was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty. Upon her death, the Tyrol became united with the Habsburg patrimony....
, lacking any descendants to succeed her, bequeathed Tyrol to Duke Rudolph IV
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria

Rudolf IV der Stifter was a member of the Habsburg and Duke of Austria of Archduchy of Austria from 1358 to 1365. Gave order to write the "Privilegium Maius" a fake document to empower the ruler of Austria....
 of the House of Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
. From that time onwards, Tyrol was ruled by various lines of the Habsburg family, who held the title of the Count
List of rulers of Austria

This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. The territory was ruled by the Babenberg family until 1246 and by the Habsburg family from 1282 to 1918....
.

The red eagle in Tyrol's coat of arms is derived from the red Brandenburg
Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
 eagle at the time when Louis V, Duke of Bavaria
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria

Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, called the Brandenburger was List of rulers of Bavaria and as Louis I also Margrave of Brandenburg and Tyrol....
 and Margarete Maultasch
Margarete Maultasch

Margarete Maultasch was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty. Upon her death, the Tyrol became united with the Habsburg patrimony....
 governed Brandenburg as well.

Napoleonic Wars

Following defeat by Napoleon in 1805, Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 was forced to cede Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Bavaria

The Kingdom of Bavaria was a Germany state that existed from 1806–1918. Elector Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806....
 in the Peace of Pressburg
Peace of Pressburg

The Peace of Pressburg refers to four peace treaty concluded in Bratislava, Slovakia . The fourth Peace of Pressburg of 1805 during the Napoleonic Wars is the best-known....
. Tyrol as a part of Bavaria became a member of the Confederation of the Rhine
Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation was a client state of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon I of France after he defeated Austria's Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Russia's Alexander I of Russia in the Battle of Austerlitz....
 in 1806. The Tyroleans rose up against the Bavarian authority and succeeded three times in defeating Bavarian and French troops trying to retake the country. Austria lost the war of the Fifth Coalition against France, and got even harsher terms in the Treaty of Schönbrunn
Treaty of Schönbrunn

The Treaty of Sch?nbrunn , sometimes known as the Treaty of Vienna, was signed between First French Empire and Austrian Empire at the Sch?nbrunn Palace of Vienna on 14 October 1809....
 in 1809. Often glorified as Tyrol's national hero, Andreas Hofer
Andreas Hofer

File:Andreas Hofer 01.jpgAndreas Hofer was a German Tyrol ean innkeeper and Patriotism. He was the leader of a rebellion against Napoleon I of France's forces....
, the leader of the uprising, was executed in 1810 in Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
, having lost a third and final battle against the French and Bavarian forces. Tyrol remained under Bavaria and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I of France, and ended with his defeat and fall.The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805 when the Italian Republic , whose president was Napoleon, became Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy and Eug?ne de Beauharnais viceroy....
 for another four years before being reunified and returned to Austria
Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
 following the decisions at the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815....
 in 1814. Integrated into the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire was a periodization successor state empire founded on a remnant of the Holy Roman Empire centered on what is today's Austria that officially lasted from 1804 to 1867....
, from 1867 onwards it was a Kronland (Crown Land) of Cisleithania
Cisleithania

Cisleithania was the name of the Austria part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. The Cisleithanian lands continued to constitute the Austrian Empire....
, the western half of Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
.

Partition

The Treaty of Saint-Germain
Treaty of Saint-Germain

File:AustriaHungaryWWI.gifFile:Austria-Hungary post-division, William Shepherd 1926 atlas.jpgThe Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new First Austrian Republic on the other....
 of 1919 ruled that, according to the London Pact
London Pact

London Pact , or more correctly, the Treaty of London, 1915, was a secret pact between Kingdom of Italy and Triple Entente, signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the Kingdom of Italy, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, France and Russian Empire....
, the southern part of Tyrol had to be ceded to Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
. Italy's border was pushed northward to the strategically important Alpine water divide
Water divide

A drainage divide, water divide, divide or watershed is the line separating neighbouring drainage basins . In hilly country, the divide lies along topography pyramidal peak and ridges, but in flat country the divide may be invisible – just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling...
, now including the south of Tyrol with its large German-speaking majority. The northern part of Tyrol was retained by the First Austrian Republic
First Austrian Republic

In Austrian history, the First Republic encompasses the period following the breakup of the Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, up to World War II....
.

See also

  • State of Tyrol
  • South Tyrol
    South Tyrol

    The Province of Bolzano-Bozen, also referred to in English as Alto Adige or South Tyrol is an Autonomous area Provinces of Italy of Italy....