County of Artois

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County of Artois

The County of Artois () was a Carolingian

Carolingian

File:Charlemagne denier Mayence 812 814.jpgThe Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century....
county (comitatus), established in Western Francia

Western Francia

File:Partage de l'Empire carolingien au Trait? de Verdun en 843.JPGWest Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom was a short-lived kingdom encompassing the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire that came under the undisputed control of Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, as a result of the Treaty of Verdun of 843....
. In Roman

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
times, Artois

Artois

Artois is a former provinces of France of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km? and a population of about one million....
was situated in the Roman provinces of Belgica and Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior

Germania Inferior was a Ancient Rome Roman provinces located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and North Rhine-Westphalia left of the Rhine....
and inhabited by Celtic tribes, until Germanic peoples

Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
replaced them as the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
waned.

It lies in present Northern France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, on the border with Belgium. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras

Arras

Arras is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France in northern France. The historic centre of the Artois region, its local speech is characterized as a Picard language dialect....
(Atrecht), Calais

Calais

Calais is a town in northern France in the Departments of France of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
(Kales), Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer is a city in northern France. It is a Subprefectures in France of the Departments of France of Pas-de-Calais.The population of the city was 44,859 in the 1999 census, whereas that of the whole metropolitan area was 135,116....
(Bonen), Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer , a Communes of France and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais....
(Sint-Omaars), Lens

Lens, Pas-de-Calais

Lens is a Communes of France in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France in northern France. It is one of France's large Picard languagee cities along with Lille, Valenciennes, Amiens, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Arras, and Douai....
and Béthune

Béthune

B?thune is a city in northern France, Subprefectures in France of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France....
.

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Encyclopedia

The County of Artois () was a Carolingian

Carolingian

Western Francia

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
times, Artois

Artois

Germania Inferior

Germanic peoples

Roman Empire

France

Arras

Calais

Boulogne-sur-Mer

Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer , a Communes of France and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais....
(Sint-Omaars), Lens

Lens, Pas-de-Calais

Béthune

B?thune is a city in northern France, Subprefectures in France of the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France....
. Present Artois forms the interior of the French département Pas-de-Calais

Pas-de-Calais

Pas-de-Calais is a Departments of France in northern France. Its name is the French language equivalent of the Strait of Dover, which it borders....
.

History

It was established by the counts Odalric and Ecfrid of Artois, then integrated into the County of Flanders

County of Flanders

The County of Flanders was a historical region in the Low Countries.It consisted not only of the two actual Belgium provinces of East-Flanders and West-Flanders but also much of the present-day France d?partement of the Nord , in parts of which there is still a minority speaking the French Flemish dialect of Dutch language, and the sout...
, first by Baldwin II of Flanders around 898

898

Events...
, then by Arnulf I of Flanders. A new territorial principality was established by the division of the county of Flanders as a dowry given by Philip I of Flanders to his niece Isabelle of Hainaut

Isabelle of Hainaut

Isabelle of Hainaut was queen consort of France.Isabelle was born in Valenciennes, the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut and Countess Margaret I of Flanders....
at the time of her marriage to Philip II of France

Philip II of France

Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII of France and his third wife, Ad?le of Champagne....
.

The Treaty of Guînes in 1212 gave Aire-sur-la-Lys

Aire-sur-la-Lys

Aire-sur-la-Lys is a Communes of France in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France in northern France....
, Saint-Omer and Guînes

Guînes

Gu?nes is a Communes of France in the Pas-de-Calais Departments of France in northern France....
to Philip II. The rest of the county was acquired by the French Crown after the Flemish

Flanders

Flanders is a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied....
defeat at the Battle of Bouvines

Battle of Bouvines

The Battle of Bouvines, July 27, 1214, was a conclusive medieval battle ending the twelve year old War of Bouvines that was important to the early development of both the France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the duchy of Normandy of Brittany and Normandy and also in forcing the English king...
in 1214 and the Treaty of Melun

Treaty of Melun

The Treaty of Melun was signed in April 1226 between Philip II of France and Jeanne of Constantinople. Jeanne was forced into accepting the accord since her husband, Ferdinand, prince of Portugal, was captured by the French at Bouvines on July 27, 1214....
in 1226. Artois

Artois

Artois is a former provinces of France of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km? and a population of about one million....
then became an appanage

Appanage

An apanage or appanage is the grant of an estate, titles, offices, or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign, who under the system of primogeniture would otherwise have no inheritance....
of Robert I of Artois

Robert I of Artois

Robert I "the Good" was County of Artois. He was the fifth son of King Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.On June 14, 1237, Robert married Matilda of Brabant, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen....
, the son of Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII the Lion reigned as list of French monarchs from 1223 to 1226. He was a member of the House of Capet. Louis VIII was born in Paris, France, the son of Philip II of France and Isabelle of Hainaut....
.

After the death of count Robert II

Robert II of Artois

Robert II was the Count of Artois, the posthumous son and heir of Robert I of Artois and Matilda of Brabant.An experienced soldier, he took part in the Aragonese Crusade in 1284 and defeated the Flanders in 1297 at the Battle of Furnes....
at the Battle of the Golden Spurs

Battle of the Golden Spurs

The Battle of the Golden Spurs was fought on July 11, 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The date of the battle is the official celebration day of the Flemish community in Belgium....
in 1302, a succession dispute arose between Robert's daughter, Countess Mahaut, and her nephew Robert III

Robert III of Artois

Robert III of Artois was the son of Philip of Artois and Blanche of Brittany.In 1318 he married Joan of Valois , daughter of Charles of Valois, and had issue :...
, who represented the claim of his father Philip

Philip of Artois

Philip of Artois was the son of Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois and Amicie de Courtenay. He was the Lord of Conches, Nonancourt, and Domfront....
, who had died at the Battle of Furnes

Battle of Furnes

The Battle of Furnes was fought on August 20, 1297 between French and Flemish forces. The French were led by Robert II of Artois, and they were victorious....
in 1298. The dispute was settled in favour of Mahaut.

Upon the death of Mahaut in 1329, Artois passed to her daughter by Otto IV, Count of Burgundy

Otto IV, Count of Burgundy

Otto IV, Count of Burgundy was the son of Hugh III, Count of Burgundy and Adelaide, Countess Palatine of Burgundy. By his mother, he was a grandson of Beatrice II, Countess Palatine of Burgundy....
, Jeanne of Burgundy

Jeanne II, Countess of Burgundy

See also: Joan of BurgundyJeanne, Countess of Burgundy , also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne, Jeanne, Comtesse de Bourgogne and Joan, Countess Palatine of Burgundy, was the eldest daughter of Otto IV, Count of Burgundy and his wife Mahaut, Countess of Artois....
. The widow of Philip V of France

Philip V of France

Philip V , called the Tall , was List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1316 to his death, and the second to last of the House of Capet....
, Jeanne left Artois to their eldest daughter, Joan

Jeanne III, Countess of Burgundy

Joan of Burgundy , also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne or Jeanne de France was the eldest daughter of King Philip V of France and Jeanne II, Countess of Burgundy....
(the wife of Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy

Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy

Eudes IV was Duke of Burgundy from 1315 until his death and Count of Burgundy and Count of Artois between 1330 and 1347. He was the second son of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy and Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy....
) when she died in 1330.

On the death of Joan and Eudes' grandson Philip I

Philip I, Duke of Burgundy

Philip I of Burgundy, also Philip II of Palatine Burgundy, Philip II of Boulogne, Philip III of Artois, Philip III of Boulogne, nicknamed Philip of Rouvres was Duke of Burgundy from 1350 until his death....
in 1361, Artois reverted to the second daughter of Jeanne, Margaret, and after her death, to her son, Louis II of Flanders

Louis II of Flanders

File:Louis II of Flanders-Lodewijk van Male .jpgLouis II of Flanders , also Louis III of Artois and Louis I of Palatine Burgundy, known as Louis of Male, was the son of Louis I of Flanders and Marguerite of France, and Count of Flanders....
. Louis' daughter Margaret III married Philip the Bold

Philip II, Duke of Burgundy

Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Philip II, Count of Flanders, Philip IV, Count of Artois and Philip IV, Count Palatine of Burgundy....
in 1369.

On the death of Louis II in 1384, Artois became part of the vast, complex territory of Burgundy

Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
. Seized by Louis XI of France

Louis XI of France

Louis XI , called the Prudent and the Universal Spider or the Spider King, was the List of French monarchs from 1461 to 1483....
and established as a seneschal

Seneschal

A seneschal was an officer in the houses of important nobles in the Middle Ages. In the French administrative system of the Middle Ages, the s?n?chal was also a royal officer in charge of justice and control of the administration in southern provinces, equivalent to the northern French bailli....
ate, then officially ceded to the king by the Treaty of Arras

Treaty of Arras (1482)

The Treaty of Arras was a treaty between King Louis XI of France and the governments of the Low Countries.The treaty signifies the end of the Burgundian succession crisis...
in 1482, it passed to the Habsburgs in the 1493 Treaty of Senlis

Treaty of Senlis

The Treaty of Senlis concerning the Burgundy was signed at Senlis, Oise in May of 1493 between Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and King Charles VIII of France....
. It reverted to French rule in the Treaty of the Pyrenees

Treaty of the Pyrenees

The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. It was signed on Pheasant Island, a river island on the border between the two countries....
in 1659 and became a titular county in the peerage of France

Peerage of France

The Peerage of France was a distinction within the French nobility which appeared in the Middle Ages. It was abolished in 1789 during the French Revolution, but it reappeared after the Revolution....
; the most notable of these pairs was the future Charles X of France

Charles X of France

Charles X ruled as List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs from 20 May 1824 until the July Revolution, when he Abdication. He was the last king of the senior House of Bourbon line to reign over France....
.