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The Council of the North was an administrative body originally set up in 1485 by king Richard III of England
Richard III of England

Richard III was List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England of Kingdom of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses and the end of the Plantagenet dynasty....
, the last Yorkist
House of York

The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became List of monarchs of England in the late 15th century....
 monarch to hold the Crown of England; its intention was to improve government control and economic prosperity, to benefit the entire area of Northern England
Northern England

Northern England, the North, the North of England, or the North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line....
. Throughout its history, the council was always located within Yorkshire
Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a Historic counties of England of northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Because of its great size, over time functions were increasingly undertaken by its subdivisions, which have been subject to History of local government in Yorkshire....
, first at Sheriff Hutton
Sheriff Hutton

Sheriff Hutton is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies about ten miles north by north-east of York....
 and then Sandal Castle
Sandal Castle

Sandal Castle is a ruin on the edge of the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire and overlooks the River Calder and Pugneys Country Park. It was the site of royal intrigue, the opening of one of William Shakespeare's plays, and possibly the source for a common children's nursery rhyme....
.

After the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
 and the emergence of the Tudor dynasty
Tudor dynasty

The House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms from 1485 until 1603. Founded by Henry VII of England, who, though his paternal family was Welsh people ?his grandfather was Owen Tudor? was himself also a legitimized descendent of the royal House of Lancaster....
, there were some troubles in the area in relation to the English Reformation
English Reformation

The English Reformation was the series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church....
, the Church of England
Church of England

The Church of England is the State religion Christianity Ecclesia in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches....
's split from Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
 and the dissolution of the Monasteries
Dissolution of the Monasteries

The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, denotes the administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII of England disbanded all monastery, nunnery and friary in England, Wales and Ireland; appropriated their income, disposed of their assets and provided f...
 under Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
.






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Kings Manor
The Council of the North was an administrative body originally set up in 1485 by king Richard III of England
Richard III of England

Richard III was List of the monarchs of the Kingdom of England of Kingdom of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses and the end of the Plantagenet dynasty....
, the last Yorkist
House of York

The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became List of monarchs of England in the late 15th century....
 monarch to hold the Crown of England; its intention was to improve government control and economic prosperity, to benefit the entire area of Northern England
Northern England

Northern England, the North, the North of England, or the North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line....
. Throughout its history, the council was always located within Yorkshire
Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a Historic counties of England of northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Because of its great size, over time functions were increasingly undertaken by its subdivisions, which have been subject to History of local government in Yorkshire....
, first at Sheriff Hutton
Sheriff Hutton

Sheriff Hutton is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies about ten miles north by north-east of York....
 and then Sandal Castle
Sandal Castle

Sandal Castle is a ruin on the edge of the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire and overlooks the River Calder and Pugneys Country Park. It was the site of royal intrigue, the opening of one of William Shakespeare's plays, and possibly the source for a common children's nursery rhyme....
.

After the Wars of the Roses
Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of House of Lancaster and House of York....
 and the emergence of the Tudor dynasty
Tudor dynasty

The House of Tudor was a prominent European royal house that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms from 1485 until 1603. Founded by Henry VII of England, who, though his paternal family was Welsh people ?his grandfather was Owen Tudor? was himself also a legitimized descendent of the royal House of Lancaster....
, there were some troubles in the area in relation to the English Reformation
English Reformation

The English Reformation was the series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church....
, the Church of England
Church of England

The Church of England is the State religion Christianity Ecclesia in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches....
's split from Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
 and the dissolution of the Monasteries
Dissolution of the Monasteries

The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, denotes the administrative and legal processes between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII of England disbanded all monastery, nunnery and friary in England, Wales and Ireland; appropriated their income, disposed of their assets and provided f...
 under Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
. In the North, most people remained staunch supporters of the Catholic faith
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
 and were deepy unhappy with the changes; the people rose up in York
York

York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire and River Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city status in the United Kingdom is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence....
 creating a 30,000 strong rebel Catholic army carrying crosses and banners depicting the Holy Wounds
Holy Wounds

The Five Holy Wounds or Five Sacred Wounds of Christ were the five piercing wounds inflicted upon Jesus during His crucifixion:*Two of the wounds were through either his hands or his wrists, where nails were inserted to fix Jesus to the cross-beam of the cross on which on which he was crucified....
; this became known as the Pilgrimage of Grace
Pilgrimage of Grace

The Pilgrimage of Grace was a Popular revolt in late medieval Europe in York, Yorkshire during 1536, in protest against England's break with Roman Catholic Church and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances....
.

Henry VIII's army was not strong enough to fight them, and so Thomas Howard
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was a prominent Tudor dynasty politician. He was uncle to two of the wives of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, as well as the king's mistress Mary Boleyn, and played a major role in the machinations behind these relationships....
 was sent to negotiate peace with rebel leader Robert Aske
Robert Aske (political leader)

Robert Aske was an England lawyer who became the leader of rebellion in York. He led the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 and was executed by Henry VIII of England for treason in 1537....
. It was promised that the rebels would be pardoned and a parliament would be held in York to discuss their demands; the rebels convinced that the monasteries would be re-opened returned to their homes. However as soon as they returned to their homes, Henry had the rebel leaders arrested and executed 200 people involved, including Aske, Lady Bulme and the Abbots of the four largest monasteries in the North.

In 1530, the Council of the North was re-instated in York
York

York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire and River Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city status in the United Kingdom is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence....
 as a means to govern the area at arms length. It had its own set of presidents who were generally earls, Church of England bishops
Bishops

Bishops can refer to:*The plural of bishop, a religious official*The plural of bishop , a chess piece*Diocesan College, South Africa*The Bishops, British band...
 and lords; some of whom were actually born in the North. By 1641 the Long Parliament
Long Parliament

The Long Parliament is the name of the List of Parliaments of England called by Charles I of England, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars....
 had the Council abolished due to reasons relating to the Reformation, the Council was the chief support for Catholic Recusants
Recusancy

In the history of England, recusancy was a term used to describe the statutory offence of not complying with and conforming to the Established church or State religion, the Church of England....
 and Anglicans.

Origins

The reason for doing so was the deteriorated state of Northern society since the Harrying of the North
Harrying of the North

The Harrying of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror, in the winter of 1069–1070 in order to subjugate Northern England and is part of the Norman conquest of England....
 under the Normans
Normans

The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. They descended from Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of mostly Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock....
. Richard was the first post-Norman King of England to legislate and conduct government in the English language
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
, possibly because his experience among his subjects whilst at Middleham Castle
Middleham Castle

Middleham Castle in Wensleydale, in the county of North Yorkshire, was built by Robert Fitz Ralph, 3rd Lord of Middleham & Spennithorne, commencing in 1190....
 had created a mutual respect between them. Die hard Yorkists
House of York

The House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became List of monarchs of England in the late 15th century....
 did not forget this when Perkin Warbeck
Perkin Warbeck

Perkin Warbeck was a pretender to the England throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England. Traditional belief claims that he was an impostor, pretending to be Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, the younger son of King Edward IV of England, but was in fact a Flemings born in Tournai around 1474....
 and Lambert Simnel
Lambert Simnel

Lambert Simnel was a child pretender to the throne of England. He and Perkin Warbeck were two impostors who threatened the rule of Henry VII of England during the last part of the 15th century....
 appeared. This local loyalty did not save Richard from desertion, when the Earl of Richmond
Henry VII of England

Henry VII was the Kingdom of England and Lordship of Ireland from his usurpation of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty....
 rose against him. (Coincidentally, Richmond Castle
Richmond Castle

Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond, North Yorkshire....
 had seniority over Middleham Castle!)

Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
 reorganised the Council. He placed it under his son; Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset
Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset was the son of Henry VIII of England and his teenage mistress, Elizabeth Blount, the only Illegitimacy offspring that Henry acknowledged....
 with its seat at Sherriff Hutton. Following the suppression of the Pilgrimage of Grace
Pilgrimage of Grace

The Pilgrimage of Grace was a Popular revolt in late medieval Europe in York, Yorkshire during 1536, in protest against England's break with Roman Catholic Church and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances....
, from 1539, it met at the former house of the Abbot of St. Mary's Abbey, York (founded by the Lord of Richmond) in the centre of that city; after the dissolution of the abbey, the building had been retained by the king who formally allocated it to the Council. The building is nowadays called the King's Manor
King's Manor

The King's Manor is a Grade I listed building in York, England, and is part of the University of York.King's Manor was originally built to house the abbots of St Mary's Abbey, York....
.

The Council was abolished by the Long Parliament
Long Parliament

The Long Parliament is the name of the List of Parliaments of England called by Charles I of England, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars....
 in 1641, because it was the chief support for Catholic Recusants
Recusancy

In the history of England, recusancy was a term used to describe the statutory offence of not complying with and conforming to the Established church or State religion, the Church of England....
 and Anglicans. After the English Restoration
English Restoration

The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored under Charles II of England after the Interregnum that followed the English Civil War....
, the Secretary of State for the Northern Department
Secretary of State for the Northern Department

The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782....
 was formed and influenced industry
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
.

List of Presidents of the Council of the North

  • Cuthbert Tunstall
    Cuthbert Tunstall

    Cuthbert Tunstall was an England church leader, twice Bishop of Durham during the reigns of Henry VIII of England, Edward VI of England, Mary I of England and Elizabeth I of England....
    , Bishop of Durham
    Bishop of Durham

    The Bishop of Durham is the Church of England bishop responsible for the diocese of Diocese of Durham in the province of York. The Diocese is one of the oldest in the country and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords....
     1530–1533
  • Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland
    Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland

    Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland , was the son of Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland.Henry, Lord Percy became betrothed to Anne Boleyn, the future second queen of Henry VIII of England probably in the spring of 1523, when he was page to Cardinal Wolsey....
     1533–1536
  • Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

    Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was a prominent Tudor dynasty politician. He was uncle to two of the wives of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, as well as the king's mistress Mary Boleyn, and played a major role in the machinations behind these relationships....
    , 1536–1537
  • Cuthbert Tunstall
    Cuthbert Tunstall

    Cuthbert Tunstall was an England church leader, twice Bishop of Durham during the reigns of Henry VIII of England, Edward VI of England, Mary I of England and Elizabeth I of England....
    , Bishop of Durham
    Bishop of Durham

    The Bishop of Durham is the Church of England bishop responsible for the diocese of Diocese of Durham in the province of York. The Diocese is one of the oldest in the country and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords....
     1537–1538
  • Robert Holgate
    Robert Holgate

    Robert Holgate was Bishop of Llandaff and then Archbishop of York . He recognised Henry VIII of England as leader of the Church of England....
    , Bishop of Llandaff
    Bishop of Llandaff

    The Bishop of Llandaff is the Ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff....
     1538–1540
  • Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury
    Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury

    Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford Knight of the Garter was the son of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury and Anne Hastings....
    , 1549–1560
  • Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland
    Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland

    Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland Order of the Garter was the son of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. He also held the title of 14th Baron de Ros of Hamlake, a title to which he acceded in 1543....
    , 1561–1563
  • Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick
    Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick

    Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick , was the son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and a brother of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester....
    , 1564
  • Thomas Young
    Thomas Young (archbishop)

    Thomas Young was a Bishop of St David's and Archbishop of York . Thomas was also President of the Council of the North . In 1564, he was presented with an honorary degree from University of Oxford....
    , Archbishop of York
    Archbishop of York

    File:Williamtemple1.jpgArchbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan bishop of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England as well as the Isle of Man....
    , 1564–1568
  • Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, 1568–1572
  • Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon
    Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon

    Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon was the eldest son of Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon and Catherine Pole....
    , 1572–1595
  • Matthew Hutton
    Matthew Hutton (Archbishop of York)

    Matthew Hutton was archbishop of York from 1595 ? 1606....
    , Bishop of Durham & Archbishop of York, 1596–1599
  • Thomas Cecil, Lord Burghley
    Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter

    Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, Knight of the Garter , known as Lord Burghley from 1598 to 1605, was an England politician and soldier....
     1599–1603
  • Edmund Sheffield, 3rd Baron Sheffield 1603–1619
  • Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland
    Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland

    Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland was the only child of Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton and his wife Philadelphia Carey, a relative maternally of Elizabeth I....
     1619–1628
  • Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford 1628–1641


See also

  • Holy Jesus Hospital
    Holy Jesus Hospital

    The Holy Jesus Hospital is a museum and tourist attraction in Newcastle upon Tyne, England in the care of the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty....


External links


Sources

King's Council in the North by Rachel R Reid ISBN 0-7158-1126-6