Council of Rimini

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Council of Rimini

The Council of Rimini (also called the Council of Ariminum) was an early Christian

Early Christianity

Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus and the First Council of Nicaea ....
church synod

Synod

A synod is a council of a Ecclesia , usually a Christianity church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. An ecumenical council is so named because it is a synod of the whole church ...
held in Ariminum (modern Rimini

Rimini

Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, near the coast between the rivers Marecchia and Ausa ....
, Italy).

In 358

358

Events...
, the Roman Emperor

Roman Emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....
Constantius II

Constantius II

Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II was a Roman Emperor of the Constantinian dynasty....
requested two councils, one of the western bishops at Ariminum and one of the eastern bishops (planned for Nicomedia

Nicomedia

Nicomedia was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens to the Propontis. In earlier antiquity, the city was called Astacus or Olbia ....
but actually held at Seleucia

Seleucia

Seleucia was the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, and one of the great cities of antiquity standing in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris River....
) to resolve the Arian controversy

Arian controversy

The Arian controversy describes several controversies related to Arianism which divided the Christian church from before the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to after the First Council of Constantinople in 381....
over the nature of the divinity of Jesus Christ, which divided the 4th-century church.

In July 359

359

Events...
, the western council (of about 300 or over 400 bishops) met.

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Encyclopedia

The Council of Rimini (also called the Council of Ariminum) was an early Christian

Early Christianity

Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus and the First Council of Nicaea ....
church synod

Synod

Rimini

358

Events...
, the Roman Emperor

Roman Emperor

Constantius II

Nicomedia

Seleucia

Seleucia was the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, and one of the great cities of antiquity standing in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris River....
) to resolve the Arian controversy

Arian controversy

359

Events...
, the western council (of about 300 or over 400 bishops) met. Ursacius of Singidunum and Valens of Mursa soon proposed a new creed, drafted at the Council of Sirmium

Council of Sirmium

The Council of Sirmium is the name primarily given to the third Council of Sirmium which marked a temporary compromise between Arianism and the Western bishops of the Christian church....
of 359

359

Events...
but not presented there, holding that the Son was like the Father "according to the scriptures," and avoiding the controversial terms "same substance" and "similar substance." Others favored the creed of Nicaea

Nicene Creed

The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith that is most widely used in Christianity liturgy. It is called Nicene because, in its original form, it was adopted in the city of Iznik by the first ecumenical council, which met there in 325....
.

The opponents of Sirmium wrote a letter to the emperor Constantius, praising Nicaea and condemning any reconsideration of it, before many of them left the council. The supporters of Sirmium then issued the new creed and sent it through Italy.

The council was considered a defeat for trinitarianism, and Saint Jerome

Jerome

Saint Jerome was a Christian priest and Christian apologetics best known for translating the Vulgate. He is recognized by the Catholic Church as a canonized saint and Doctor of the Church, and his version of the Bible is still an important text in Catholicism....
wrote: "The whole world groaned, and was astonished to find itself Arian

Arianism

Arianism is the theological teaching of Arius , a Christian priest, who was first ruled a heresy at the First Council of Nicea, later exonerated and then pronounced a heretic again after his death....
."

Pope Liberius of Rome

Pope Liberius

Pope Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, remains the earliest pope not yet canonization as a saint . The successor of Pope Julius I, he was consecrated according to the Catalogus Liberianus on May 22....
rejected the new creed, prompting Phaebadius of Agen and Servatus of Tongeren to withdraw their support from the homoian. The supporters of Sirmium deposed Liberius and reappointed Felix of Rome

Antipope Felix II

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Roman Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Pope Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Athanasius....
in his place.

Two councils at Nike (southeast of Adrianople) and Constantinople

Constantinople

Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece...
followed.

Those favoring the Creed drafted at Sirmium included:

Ursacius of Singidunum
Valens of Mursa
Germinius of Sirmium
Germinius of Sirmium

Germinius was bishop of Sirmium and a supporter of Homoian theology, which is often labelled as a form of Arian controversy. Along with Valens of Mursa and Ursacius of Singidunum he was responsible for drafting the theological statement known as the Blasphemy of Sirmium in 357....
Auxentius of Milan
Auxentius of Milan

Auxentius of Milan , by tradition a Scythian of Cappadocia, was an Arianism theologian of some eminence who held the bishop of Milan. Ambrose praised him for his skills in rhetoric, though he considered him "worse than a Jew"....
Demophilus of Beroe
Demophilus of Constantinople

Demophilus was bishop of Veria and bishop of Constantinople from 370 until expelled in 380.Born of good family in Thessalonica , he was elected by the Arianism to the bishopric of Constantinople ....
Gaius

Those favoring the Creed of Nicaea included:

Phaebadius of Agen (died c. 392
392

Events...
)
Servatus of Tongeren (died May 13, 384
384

Events...
)
Gaudentius of Ariminum (died October 14, 360
360

Events...
)
Mercurialis of Forlì
Saint Mercurialis

Mercurialis was the Christian bishop of Forl?, in Romagna. The historical figure known as Mercurialis attended the Council of Rimini in 359 and died around 406....
Restitutus of Carthage

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Council of Rimini