Cotton-Mouton effect
Overview
 
In physical optics
Physical optics
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics which studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid...

, the Cotton–Mouton effect refers to the double refraction of light in a liquid in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field
Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude ; as such it is a vector field.Technically, a magnetic field is a pseudo vector;...

. It is a similar but stronger effect than the Voigt effect
Voigt Effect
The Voigt Effect, is one of a class of effects, resulting in what is called magnetic birefringence, or magnetic double refraction. It is a magneto-optical phenomenon with a similar origin to the Faraday effect. In the Faraday effect, the polarization of light can be rotated when passed through a...

 (in which the medium is a gas instead of a liquid). The electric analog is the Kerr effect
Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, also called the quadratic electro-optic effect , is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field. The Kerr effect is distinct from the Pockels effect in that the induced index change is directly proportional to the square of the electric...

.

It was discovered in 1907 by Aimé Cotton
Aimé Cotton
Aimé Auguste Cotton was a French physicist known for his studies of the interaction of light with chiral molecules...

 and Henri Mouton
Henri Mouton
Henri Mouton [5 September 1869, Cambrai - 13 June 1935, Bezons ] was a French scientist.He entered the École normale supérieure in 1889. He was a biologist at the Institut Pasteur, then...

.

When a linearly polarized wave propagates perpendicular to magnetic field (e.g.
Quotations

"Look, these people... they have no jobs, no food, no education, no future. I just figure that you know, I mean, we have two things we can do. We can help, or we can sit back and watch a country destroy itself on CNN. Right?"

"Look, you guys, I know it's my first time as chalk leader, but, uh, this isn't our first time out together. This is serious. We're Rangers, not some sorry-ass JROTC. We're elite. Let's act like it out there."

"All right, listen up. We're gonna hold the perimeter and we're gonna hold the strongpoint. Conserve your ammo. Only shoot at what you can hit. The convoy is gonna come. We're gonna get home."

"Watch for Skinnies. They're all over the rooftops. They're in prayer, but not for much longer."

(to the dying Cpl. Jamie Smith) "You did what we were trained to do. You should be proud of that. Be proud of that."

"You know, a friend of mine asked me before I got here... it was when we were all shipping out. He asked me, 'Why are you going to fight somebody else's war? What, do y'all think you're heroes?' I didn't know what to say at the time, but if he asked me again, I'd say no. I'd say there's no way in hell. Nobody asks to be a hero. It just sometimes turns out that way."

"Hey - who's hungry?"

"You wanna know what I think? It don't really matter what I think. Once that first bullet goes past your head, politics and all that shit, just goes right out the window."

"Just watch your corner and get all your men back here alive."

"It'd probably help to wash the blood out of the humvees."

 
x
OK