CosÃ¬ fan tutte

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CosÃ¬ fan tutte

Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Thus Do They All, or The School For Lovers) K. 588, is an opera buffa

Opera buffa

The term opera buffa was at first used as an informal description of Italy comic operas variously classified by their authors as ?commedia in musica?, ?commedia per musica?, ?dramma bernesco?, ?dramma comico?, ?divertimento giocoso' etc....
by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood in Salzburg. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty; at seventeen he was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position, always...
. The libretto

Libretto

A libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, Musical theater, and ballet....
was written by Lorenzo da Ponte

Lorenzo Da Ponte

Lorenzo Da Ponte was an Republic of Venice libretto and poet....
.

Così fan tutte is one of the three Mozart operas for which da Ponte wrote the libretto. The other two da Ponte-Mozart collaborations were Le nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni
Don Giovanni

Don Giovanni is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and with Italian language libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It was premiered in the Estates Theatre in Prague on October 29, 1787 in music....
.

Although it is commonly held that Così fan tutte was written and composed at the suggestion of the Emperor Joseph II

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor....
, recent research does not support this idea.

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Encyclopedia

Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Thus Do They All, or The School For Lovers) K. 588, is an opera buffa

Opera buffa

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Libretto

A libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, Musical theater, and ballet....
was written by Lorenzo da Ponte

Lorenzo Da Ponte

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Antonio Salieri

Antonio Salieri , was a Republic of Venice composer and Conducting. As the Austrian imperial Kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, he was one of the most important and famous musicians of his time....
tried to set the libretto

Libretto

A libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, Musical theater, and ballet....
but left it unfinished. In 1994, John Rice uncovered two terzetti by Salieri in the Austrian National Library.

The title, Così fan tutte, literally means "Thus do all [women]" but it is often translated as "Women are like that". The words are sung by the three men in Act II, Scene xiii, just before the finale. Da Ponte had used the line "Così fan tutte le belle" earlier in Le nozze di Figaro (in Act I, Scene vii).

Performance history

The first performance of Mozart's setting took place at the Burgtheater

Burgtheater

The Burgtheater , originally known as K.K. Theater an der Burg, then until 1920 as the K.K. Hofburgtheater, is the Austrian National Theatre in Vienna and one of the most important German language theatre s in the world....
in Vienna

Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
on January 26 1790.

The subject matter (see synopsis below) did not offend Viennese sensibilities of the time, but throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries it was considered risqué. The opera was rarely performed, and when it did appear it was presented in one of several bowdlerised

Thomas Bowdler

Thomas Bowdler was an English physician who published an expurgated edition of William Shakespeare's work that he considered to be more appropriate for women and children than the original....
libretti.

After World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, it regained its place in the standard operatic repertoire. It is frequently performed and appears as number fifteen on Opera America

Opera America

Opera America, officially OPERA America, is a service organization in North America promoting the creation, presentation, and enjoyment of opera....
's list of the 20 most-performed operas in North America

North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, January 26, 1790 (Conductor: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood in Salzburg. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty; at seventeen he was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position, always... )
Fiordiligi, Lady from Ferrara and sister to Dorabella, living in Naples	dramatic coloratura soprano Coloratura soprano A coloratura soprano is a type of operatic soprano who specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs and leaps. The term coloratura refers to the elaborate ornamentation of a melody, which is a typical component of the music written for this voice....	Adriana Ferrarese Adriana Ferrarese del Bene Adriana Ferrarese del Bene was an Italy opera soprano. She was one of the first performers of Susanna in Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro and the first performer of Fiordiligi in Cos? fan tutte....
Dorabella, Lady from Ferrara and sister to Fiordiligi, living in Naples	lyric mezzo-soprano Mezzo-soprano A mezzo-soprano is a type of European classical music female voice type whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices, usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above ....	Louise (Luisa) Villeneuve
Guglielmo, Lover of Fiordiligi	lyric baritone	Francesco Benucci
Ferrando, Lover of Dorabella	tenore di grazia Tenore di grazia 'Tenore di grazia', also called 'tenore leggiero', is a lightweight, flexible tenor type of voice. The tenor roles written in the early 19th century Italian operas are invariably di grazia roles, especially those by Gioacchino Rossini such as Lindoro in L'italiana in Algeri, Don Ramiro in La Cenerentola, and Almaviva in Il bar...	Vincenzo Calvesi
Despina, a maid	soubrette Soubrette Soubrette is a term referring to a type of female role—specifically, a stock character—in opera and theatre. The term arrived in English from Proven?al via French language, and means "conceited" or "coy"....	Dorotea Bussani
Don Alfonso, an old philosopher	basso buffo	Francesco Bussani
Chorus: soldiers, servants, sailors

While the use of modern fach titles and categories has become customary, it should be noted that Mozart was far more general in his own descriptions of voice type: Fiordiligi (soprano), Dorabella (soprano), Guglielmo (bass), Ferrando (tenor), Despina (soprano), Don Alfonso (bass).

Synopsis

Mozart and Da Ponte took as a theme "fiancée swapping" which dates back to the 13th century, with notable earlier versions being those of Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio

Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italy author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanism and the author of a number of notable works including the Decameron, On Famous Women, and his poetry in the Italian vernacular....
's Decameron and Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was an English people poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist....
's play Cymbeline
Cymbeline

Cymbeline is a play by William Shakespeare, based on legends concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobelinus. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify Cymbeline as a Shakespeare's Late Romances....
. Elements from Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew
The Taming of the Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew is an early Shakespearean comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written between 1590 and 1594. The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the Induction, in which a drunken tinker named Sly is tricked into thinking he is a nobleman by a mischievous Lord....
are also present. Furthermore, it incorporates elements of the myth of Procris

Procris

In Greek mythology, Procris was the daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens and his wife, Praxithea. She married Cephalus#Cephalus the husband of Procris, the son of Deion....
as found in Ovid

Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso was a Roman Empire poet known as Ovid to the English language-speaking world, who wrote about love, seduction, and Roman mythology transformation....
's Metamorphoses, vii.

Place: Naples

Naples

Naples is a city in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples. The city is known for its rich history, art, culture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,800 years old....
.

Time: the 18th century.

Act 1

Scene 1: A coffee shop
Coffee Shop

"Coffee Shop" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1995 album, One Hot Minute. It is the fifth track on the album and was released as its fourth single with a promotional music video in 1996....

Ferrando and Guglielmo (two officers) claim that their fiancées (Dorabella and Fiordiligi, respectively) will be eternally faithful. Don Alfonso joins the discussion and lays a wager with the two officers, claiming he can prove in a day's time that these two women (like all women) are fickle. The wager is accepted: the two officers will pretend to have been called off to war; soon thereafter they shall return in disguise and attempt to seduce each other's lover. The scene shifts to the two women (they are sisters) who are praising their men. Alfonso arrives to announce the bad news: the officers have been called off to war. Ferrando and Guglielmo arrive, brokenhearted, and bid farewell (quintet: Sento, o Dio, che questo piedo è restio—"I feel, oh God, that my foot is reluctant"). As the boat with the men sails off to sea, Alfonso and the sisters wish them safe travel (trio: Soave sia il vento—"May the wind be gentle"), then Alfonso, left alone, rails against the fickleness of women (arioso: Oh, poverini, per femmina giocar cento zecchini?—"Oh, poor little ones, to wager 100 sequins

Sequin (coin)

Sequin is a gold coin weighed 3.5 grams of .986 pure gold, minted by the Republic of Venice in 1284.Initially called ducat, it was called the zecchino after the name of the Venice mint, the "Zecca", since 1543 when Venice began minting a silver coin also called a ducat....
on a woman").

Scene 2: A room in the sisters' home

Despina, their maid

Maid

A maidservant or in current usage maid is a female employed in domestic worker. Once part of an elaborate hierarchy in great houses, today the maid may be the only domestic worker that upper class and even middle-income households can afford....
, arrives and asks what is wrong. Dorabella bemoans the torment of having been left alone (aria: Smanie implacabili—"Torments implacable"). Despina mocks the sisters, advising them to consider new lovers over old lovers (aria: In uomini, in soldati, sperare fedeltà?—"In men, in soldiers, you hope for faithfulness?"). After they depart, Alfonso arrives upon the scene. He fears Despina will recognize the men through their disguises, so he bribes her into helping him win the bet. The two men then arrive, dressed as mustachioed Albania

Albania

Albania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a country in Balkans. It is bordered by Greece to the south-east, Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, and the Republic of Macedonia to the east....
ns. The sisters enter and are alarmed by the presence of strange men in their home. The Albanians attempt to win over the sisters, Guglielmo going so far as to point out all of his manly attributes (aria: Non siate ritrosi—"Don't be shy"), but to no avail (aria: Come scoglio—"Like a rock"). Ferrando, left alone and sensing victory, praises his love (aria: Un'aura amorosa—"A loving breath").

Scene 3: A garden

The sisters are still pining. But Despina has asked Don Alfonso to let her take over the seduction plan—and suddenly, the Albanians burst in the scene and threaten to poison themselves if they are not allowed the chance to woo the sisters. As Alfonso tries to calm them, they drink the poison and pass out. Soon thereafter, a doctor arrives on the scene (Despina in disguise), who, through use of a large magnet (see animal magnetism

Animal magnetism

Animal magnetism , in its most common usage today, refers to a person's sexual attractiveness or raw charisma. But the term originally signified a magnetic fluid or Aether residing in the bodies of animate beings, as postulated by Franz Mesmer....
), is able to revive the Albanians. The revived men, hallucinating

Hallucination

A hallucination, in the broadest sense, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus . In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space....
, demand a kiss of the goddess

Goddess

A goddess is a female deity. Often deities are part of a polytheism system that includes several deities in a pantheon .Common associations of goddesses are the Earth goddess, the Mother Goddess, Love goddess, and the hearth goddess, reflecting historical gender roles....
es who stand before them. The sisters refuse, even as Alfonso and the doctor (Despina) urge them to acquiesce.

Act 2

Scene 1: The sisters' bedroom

Despina urges them to succumb to the Albanians' overtures (aria: Una donna a quindici anni—"A fifteen year old woman"). After she leaves, Dorabella confesses to Fiordiligi that she is tempted, and the two agree that a mere flirtation will do no harm and will help them pass the time while they wait for their lovers to return (duet: Prenderò quel brunettino"—"I will take the dark one").

Scene 2: The garden

Dorabella and the disguised Guglielmo pair off, as do the other two. The conversation is haltingly uncomfortable, and Ferrando departs with Fiordiligi. Now alone, Guglielmo attempts to woo Dorabella. She does not resist strongly, and soon she has given him a medallion (with Ferrando's portrait inside) in exchange for a heart-shaped locket

Locket

A locket is a pendant that opens to reveal a space used for storing a photograph or other small item such as a curl of hair. Lockets are usually given to loved ones on holidays such as Valentine's Day and occasions such as Christening, wedding and, most noticeably during the Victorian Age, funeral....
(duet: Il core vi dono—"I give you my heart"). Ferrando is less successful with Fiordiligi (Ferrando's aria: Ah, lo veggio—"Ah, I see it," and Fiordiligi's aria: Per pietà, ben mio, perdona—"Please, my beloved, forgive"), so he is enraged when he later finds out from Guglielmo that the medallion with his portrait has been so quickly given away to a new lover. Guglielmo at first sympathises with Ferrando (aria: Donne mie, la fate a tanti—"My ladies, you do it to so many") but then gloats, because his betrothed is faithful.

Scene 3: The sister's room

Dorabella admits her indiscretion to Fiordiligi (È amore un ladroncello—"Love is a little thief"). Fiordiligi, upset by this development, decides to go to the army and find her betrothed. Before she can leave, though, Ferrando arrives and continues his attempted seduction. Fiordiligi finally succumbs and falls into his arms (duet: Fra gli amplessi—"In the embraces"). Guglielmo is distraught while Ferrando turns Guglielmo's earlier gloating back on him. Alfonso, winner of the wager, tells the men to forgive their fiancées. After all: Così fan tutte—"All women are like that."

Scene 4:

It begins as a double wedding for the sisters and their Albanian grooms. Despina, in disguise as a notary

Notary public

A notary public is a public officer constituted by law to serve the public in non-contentious matters usually concerned with estates, deeds, powers-of-attorney, and foreign and international business....
, presents the marriage contract, which all sign. Directly thereafter, military music is heard in the distance, indicating the return of the officers. Alfonso confirms the sisters' fears: Ferrando and Guglielmo are on their way to the house. The Albanians hurry off to hide (actually, to change out of their disguises). They return as the officers, professing their love. Alfonso drops the marriage contract in front of the officers, and, when they read it, they become enraged. They then depart and return moments later, half in Albanian disguise, half as officers. Despina has been revealed to be the notary, and the sisters realize they have been duped. All is ultimately forgiven, as the entire group praises the ability to accept life's unavoidable good times and bad times.

Selected recordings

Year	Cast (Fiordiligi, Dorabella, Despina, Ferrando, Guglielmo, Alfonso)	Opera House and Orchestra, conductor	Label
1935	Ina Souez, Luise Helletsgruber, Irene Eisinger, Heddle Nash Heddle Nash Heddle Nash was an English tenor from London.... , Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender was a German baritone, particularly associated with Mozart roles, one of the leading lyric baritones of the inter-war period.... John Brownlee John Brownlee John Brownlee may refer to:* John Brownlee , opera singer* John Edward Brownlee, Canadian politician, former Premier of Alberta* John L. Brownlee, United States attorney and politician...	Fritz Busch Fritz Busch Fritz Busch was a Germany Conducting.Busch was born in Siegen, Province of Westphalia. He held posts conducting opera at Aachen, Stuttgart and Dresden.... Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and Orchestra (first ever recording)	Audio CD: Naxos Records (remastered 2004)
1952	Eleanor Steber Eleanor Steber Eleanor Steber was an USA operatic soprano. Steber is noted as one of the first major opera stars to have achieved the highest success with training and a career based in the United States.... , Blanche Thebom Blanche Thebom Blanche Thebom is an American mezzo-soprano who sang with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for almost twenty years. She was born in Monessen, Pennsylvania.... , Roberta Peters Roberta Peters Roberta Peters is an American coloratura soprano who enjoyed a long and distinguished career at the Metropolitan Opera, one of the most durable opera stars of America.... , Richard Tucker Richard Tucker Richard Tucker was a highly regarded American operatic tenor.Tucker was born Rivn Ticker in Brooklyn, New York, into a family of immigrants from Bessarabia .... , Frank Guarrera Frank Guarrera Frank Guarrera was an Italian-American lyric baritone who enjoyed a long and distinguished career at the Metropolitan Opera.... , Lorenzo Alvary	Fritz Stiedry Fritz Stiedry Fritz Stiedry was an Austrian conducting.While studying law at the University of Vienna, Stiedry's musical abilities were noticed by Gustav Mahler who appointed him his assistant at the Vienna Court Opera in 1907.... Metropolitan Opera Metropolitan Opera The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880, is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. Peter Gelb is the company's general manager and James Levine is music director.... Chorus and Orchestra	Audio CD: Columbia Records Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American record label founded in 1888.Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in pre-recorded sound, being the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders....
1954	Elisabeth Schwarzkopf Elisabeth Schwarzkopf Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Order of the British Empire was a German-born Austrian/British opera singer and recitalist. She was amongst the most renowned opera singers of the 20th Century, much admired for her performances of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Richard Strauss and Hugo Wolf.... , Nan Merriman Nan Merriman Nan Merriman is an United States operatic mezzo-soprano, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is most famous for singing many roles both live and on radio under the baton of the legendary Arturo Toscanini between 1944 and 1952, while he was conductor of the NBC Symphony Orchestra.... , Lisa Otto Lisa Otto Lisa Otto is a German operatic soprano, particularly associated with soubrette and light coloratura roles.She is the daughter of bass Karl Otto, she studied at the Musikhochschule of her native city of Dresden with Susanne Steunmetz-Pr?e.... , Leopold Simoneau Léopold Simoneau L?opold Simoneau, Order of Canada, National Order of Quebec was a French-Canadian lyric tenor, one of the outstanding Mozarteans of his time.... , Rolando Panerai Rolando Panerai Rolando Panerai Italian baritone, particularly associated with the Italian repertory, he enjoyed a long and distinguished career in both comic and dramatic roles.... , Sesto Bruscantini Sesto Bruscantini Sesto Bruscantini was an Italian bass-baritone, one of the greatest buffo singers of the post-war era, especially renowned in Mozart and Rossini....	Herbert von Karajan Herbert von Karajan Herbert von Karajan was an Austrian orchestra and opera conducting, one of the most renowned 20th-century conductors. His obituary in The New York Times described him as "probably the world's best-known conductor and one of the most powerful figures in classical music." Karajan conducted the Berlin Philharmonic for thirty-five years.... Philharmonia Philharmonia The Philharmonia is an orchestra based in London. Since 1995 it has been based in the Royal Festival Hall. In Britain it is also the resident orchestra at De Montfort Hall, Leicester and the Corn Exchange, Bedford, as well as The Anvil, Basingstoke.... Orchestra and Chorus	Audio CD: EMI Classics EMI Classics EMI Classics is a record label of EMI, formed in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed european classical music releases....
1955	Lisa della Casa Lisa Della Casa Lisa Della Casa is a Switzerland soprano who was famous for her interpretation of works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss as well as for her great beauty.... , Christa Ludwig Christa Ludwig Christa Ludwig is a Germany retired mezzo-soprano, distinguished for her performances of opera and Lieder. Her career spanned from the late 1940s until the early 1990s.... , Emmy Loose Emmy Loose Emmy Loose was an Austrian operatic soprano of Czech Republic birth, particularly associated with soubrette roles.After vocal studies in Prague, she made her stage debut in Hanover as Blonchen in The Abduction from the Seraglio, in 1939.... , Anton Dermota Anton Dermota Kammers?nger Anton Dermota was a Slovenes tenor.He was born in a poor family Born in the Upper Carniolan village of Kropa, Radovljica, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire .... , Erich Kunz Erich Kunz Erich Kunz was an Austrian operatic baritone, particularly associated with the roles of The Magic Flute and Die Meistersinger.He studied in Vienna with Lierhammer and Duhan, and made his stage debut in Opava, as The Abduction from the Seraglio, in 1933.... , Paul Schoffler	Karl Böhm Karl Böhm Karl August Leopold B?hm was an Austrian Conducting.... Vienna State Opera Vienna State Opera The Vienna State Opera is an opera house - and opera company - with a history dating back to the mid 19th century. It is located in the centre of Vienna, Austria.... Chorus and Orchestra	Audio CD: Decca Decca Records Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 in music by Edward Lewis . Its U.S. label was established in late 1934; later the link with the British company was broken for several decades....
1962	Elisabeth Schwarzkopf Elisabeth Schwarzkopf Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Order of the British Empire was a German-born Austrian/British opera singer and recitalist. She was amongst the most renowned opera singers of the 20th Century, much admired for her performances of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Richard Strauss and Hugo Wolf.... , Christa Ludwig Christa Ludwig Christa Ludwig is a Germany retired mezzo-soprano, distinguished for her performances of opera and Lieder. Her career spanned from the late 1940s until the early 1990s.... , Hanny Steffek, Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Alfredo Kraus Trujillo was a distinguished Spanish people tenor of Austrian descent, particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles.... , Giuseppe Taddei Giuseppe Taddei Giuseppe Taddei is an Italian baritone who enjoyed a long and distinguished career, particularly in operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Giuseppe Verdi.... , Walter Berry Walter Berry Walter Berry may refer to:Walter Berry , an Austrian opera singerWalter Berry , a former professional basketball player*Walter Van Rensselaer Berry, lawyer, diplomat, friend of writers...	Karl Böhm Karl Böhm Karl August Leopold B?hm was an Austrian Conducting.... Philharmonia Philharmonia The Philharmonia is an orchestra based in London. Since 1995 it has been based in the Royal Festival Hall. In Britain it is also the resident orchestra at De Montfort Hall, Leicester and the Corn Exchange, Bedford, as well as The Anvil, Basingstoke.... Orchestra and Chorus	Audio CD: EMI Classics EMI Classics EMI Classics is a record label of EMI, formed in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed european classical music releases.... (re-issued 2000)
1989	Kiri Te Kanawa Kiri Te Kanawa Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, Order of New Zealand, Order of the British Empire, Order of Australia, is a New Zealand soprano who had a highly successful international opera career between 1968-2004.... , Ann Murray Ann Murray Ann Murray Order of the British Empire is an Ireland mezzo-soprano. She was born on August 27, 1949, in Dublin. She studied with Frederick Cox at the Royal Manchester College of Music and made her stage debut as Alcestis in Christoph Willibald Gluck's Alceste in 1974.... , Marie McLaughlin Marie McLaughlin Marie McLaughlin is one of the world's leading operatic sopranos. Her international successes have included Susanna at the Salzburg Festival, Geneva, New York?s Metropolitan Opera and London?s Royal Opera House, Zerlina, Susanna and Ilia at the Vienna State Opera, Donna Elvira at Glyndebourne.... , Hans Peter Blochwitz, Thomas Hampson, Giuliano Furlanetto	James Levine James Levine James Lawrence Levine is an United States orchestral conducting and piano. He is currently the music director of the Metropolitan Opera and of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.... Wiener Philharmoniker	Audio CD: Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity....
1992	Amanda Roocroft, Rosa Mannion, Eirian James, Rainer Trost, Rodney Gilfry, Carlos Feller	John Eliot Gardiner John Eliot Gardiner Sir John Eliot Gardiner CBE Fellowship of King's College London is an England conducting. He founded the Monteverdi Choir , the English Baroque Soloists and the Orchestre R?volutionnaire et Romantique .... Monteverdi Choir Monteverdi Choir The Monteverdi Choir was founded in 1964 by John Eliot Gardiner for a performance of the Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610 in King's College Chapel, Cambridge.... English Baroque Soloists English Baroque Soloists The English Baroque Soloists is a chamber orchestra playing on authentic performance, formed in 1978 by English people Conducting John Eliot Gardiner....	Audio CD: Archiv Produktion (Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity.... )
1999	Véronique Gens Véronique Gens V?ronique Gens is a French soprano. She has spent much of her career recording and performing Baroque music.Gens studied at the Conservatoire de Paris and won first prize of the school.... , Bernarda Fink Bernarda Fink Bernarda Fink is an Argentina mezzo-soprano. Born in Buenos Aires to Slovenian parents, Bernarda Fink studied at the "Instituto Superior de Arte del Teatro Col?n" in Buenos Aires.... , Graciela Oddone, Werner Güra, Marcel Boone, Pietro Spagnoli	René Jacobs René Jacobs Ren? Jacobs is a Belgium musician. He came to fame as a countertenor but in recent years has become renowned as a conducting of Baroque and early Classical opera.... Concerto Köln Concerto Köln Concerto K?ln is a Baroque music chamber ensemble.The group formed in 1985, one of many groups associated with the surging interest in period instruments in that decade.... , Kolner Kammerchor	Audio CD: Harmonia Mundi Harmonia Mundi Harmonia Mundi is an independent music record label founded in 1958 by Bernard Coutaz in Arles . The Latin phrase means "world harmony".Its catalog is essentially devoted to classical music, and through the World Village label to world music....

Media

Modern adaptations

Louis Nowra

Louis Nowra is one of Australia's most acclaimed and prolific writers, playwrights, screenwriters and librettists.Nowra is famous for such plays as Cos?, Byzantine Flowers, Summer of the Aliens, Radiance , and The Golden Age ....
's Cos%C3%AC is a theatre production set in the 1970s in a Melbourne mental hospital. A young director is asked to put on a play with inpatients, and a Mozart-obsessed patient ensures that the production is Così fan tutte, in spite of the fact that none of them can sing, nor speak Italian.

CosÃ¬ fan tutte

Performance history

Roles

Synopsis

Act 1

Act 2

Selected recordings

Media

Modern adaptations

See also

External links