Cortex
Encyclopedia
Cortex may refer to:
Sciences
- Cortex (botany)Cortex (botany)In botany, the cortex is the outer layer of the stem or root of a plant, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis. It is composed mostly of undifferentiated cells, usually large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system. The outer cortical cells...
, the outer portion of the stem or root of a plant - Cortex (archaeology)Cortex (archaeology)In lithic analysis in archaeology the cortex is the outer layer of rock formed on the exterior of raw materials by chemical and mechanical weathering processes. It is often recorded on the dorsal surface of flakes using a three class system: primary , secondary , and tertiary...
, the outer layer of rock formed on the exterior of raw materials by chemical and mechanical weathering processes - Cell cortexCell cortexThe cell cortex is a specialized layer of cytoplasm on the inner face of the plasma membrane that functions as a mechanical support of the plasma membrane. In animal cells it is an actin-rich layer responsible for movements of the cell surface. In plant cells, the cell cortex is reinforced by...
, the region proximal to the cell surface, i.e. directly underneath the cell membrane - Cortex (journal)Cortex (journal)Cortex is a scientific journal published semimonthly by Elsevier. It is devoted to the study of "cognition and of the relationship between the nervous system and mental processes". The journal was founded in 1964 and is currently edited by Sergio Della Sala....
, a scientific journal founded in 1964 and produced by Masson Publishing
Anatomy
- Cortex (anatomy)Cortex (anatomy)In anatomy and zoology the cortex is the outermost layer of an organ. Organs with well-defined cortical layers include kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, the thymus, and portions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the most well-known of all cortices.The cerebellar cortex is the thin gray...
, the outermost or superficial layer of an organ - Cortex (hair)Cortex (hair)The cortex of the hair shaft is located between the hair cuticle and medulla....
, the middle layer of a strand of hair
Organs
- the Renal cortexRenal cortexThe renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of...
, the outer portion of the kidney - the Adrenal cortexAdrenal cortexSituated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis.-Layers:Notably, the reticularis in...
, the portion of the Adrenal gland responsible for the production of cortisol and aldosterone
The brain
- the Cerebral cortexCerebral cortexThe cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, each of which has a different...
(usually just cortex), the outer layer of the vertebrate cerebrum, part of which is the forebrain- the Motor cortexMotor cortexMotor cortex is a term that describes regions of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary motor functions.-Anatomy of the motor cortex :The motor cortex can be divided into four main parts:...
, the regions of the cerebral cortex involved in voluntary motor functions - the Prefrontal cortexPrefrontal cortexThe prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior...
, the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain - the Visual cortexVisual cortexThe visual cortex of the brain is the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe, in the back of the brain....
, regions of the cerebral cortex involved in visual functions
- the Motor cortex
- the Cerebellar cortex, the outer layer of the vertebrate cerebellum
Video games
- In the Crash Bandicoot series of video games:
- The main antagonist, Doctor Neo Cortex
- Neo Cortex's niece, Nina Cortex
Other
- Cortex Inc., a touch sharing utility
- Cortex, a family of the ARM architectureARM architectureARM is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer instruction set architecture developed by ARM Holdings. It was named the Advanced RISC Machine, and before that, the Acorn RISC Machine. The ARM architecture is the most widely used 32-bit ISA in numbers produced...
of CPUs - Cortex (browser extension)
See also
- CordtexCordtexCordtex is a type of detonating cord generally used in mining. It uses an explosive core of pentaerythritol tetranitrate which is inside its plastic coating.It is commonly the thickness of electrical extension cord and "burns" at 2 km per second...
(explosive cord), a type of detonating cord generally used in mining. It uses an explosive core of pentaerythritol tetranitrate which is inside its plastic coating - Cortex CommandCortex CommandCortex Command is a 2-dimensional side-scrolling action game developed by Data Realms. In the game, the player takes the role of a disembodied brain, who controls various clones and robots to achieve his aims. There is no campaign as of yet, so there is no main objective the player works towards...
, a 2-dimensional side-scrolling action game developed by Data Realms
recovered names (17 non-redirects)
- Cortex PharmaceuticalsCortex PharmaceuticalsCortex Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company based in Irvine, California specializing in positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor known as Ampakines.-History:February 2005 – Cortex received U.S...
, a pharmaceutical company based in Irvine, California specializing in positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor known as Ampakines - Cortical TectonicsCortical TectonicsCortical Tectonics is the third studio album by American progressive metal band Canvas Solaris. It was released in 2007.-Track listing:#"Berserker Hypothesis" - 3:55#"Sinusoid Mirage" - 6:58 #"Interface" - 5:41#"Gamma Knife" - 8:02#"Rhizome" - 4:19...
, the third studio album by American progressive metal band Canvas Solaris. It was released in 2007 - Cortical areaCortical areaA cortical area is a part of the cerebral cortex.-Functionally Defined:Often, a cortical area is functionally defined, i.e. its neurons share certain distinguishing functional properties...
, a part of the cerebral cortex - Cortical blindnessCortical blindnessCortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the visual area in the brain's occipital cortex. This damage is most often caused by loss of blood flow to the occipital cortex from either unilateral or bilateral posterior cerebral artery...
, the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the visual area in the brain's occipital cortex - Cortical boneCortical boneCortical bone, synonymous with compact bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name...
, one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones - Cortical bundleCortical bundleThe transport of water and nutrients through the voluminous cortex of the cactus is possible because of the presence of a vascular system exclusive to cacti, the cortical bundle...
- Cortical coolingCortical coolingNeuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates...
, refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur - Cortical cordsCortical cordsIn embryology, cortical cords are structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles.In the male, they become seminiferous tubules....
, structures that develop from sex cords in the female. After further development they become the ovarian follicles - Cortical dysplasiaCortical dysplasiaCortical dysplasia is a congenital abnormality where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero. Occasionally neurons will develop that are larger than normal in certain areas. This causes the signals sent through the neurons in these areas to misfire,...
, a congenital abnormality where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero - Cortical inheritanceCortical inheritanceCortical Inheritance or structural inheritance was discovered by Tracy Sonneborn, and other researchers, during his study on protozoa in the late 1930s. Sonneborn demonstrated during his research on Paramecium that the structure of the cortex was not dependent on genes, or the liquid cytoplasm, but...
, structural inheritance was discovered by Tracy Sonneborn, and other researchers, during his study on protozoa in the late 1930s - Cortical lobuleCortical lobuleA cortical lobule is a part of a renal lobe. It consists of the nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray, and draining into a single collecting duct....
, a part of a renal lobe. It consists of the nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray, and draining into a single collecting duct - Cortical magnificationCortical magnificationCortical magnification describes how many neurons in an area of the visual cortex are 'responsible' for processing a stimulus of a given size, as a function of visual field location. In the center of the visual field, corresponding to the fovea of the retina, a very large number of neurons process...
, describes how many neurons in an area of the visual cortex are 'responsible' for processing a stimulus of a given size, as a function of visual field location - Cortical mapCortical mapCortical maps are collections of minicolumns in the brain cortex that have been identified as performing a specific information processing function ....
, collections (areas) of minicolumns in the brain cortex that have been identified as performing a specific information processing function (texture maps, color maps, contour maps, etc.) - Cortical minicolumnCortical minicolumnA cortical minicolumn is a vertical column through the cortical layers of the brain, comprising perhaps 80–120 neurons, except in the primate primary visual cortex , where there are typically more than twice the number. There are about 2×108 minicolumns in humans...
, a vertical column through the cortical layers of the brain, comprising perhaps 80–120 neurons, except in the primate primary visual cortex (V1), where there are typically more than twice the number - Cortical pseudolaminar necrosisCortical pseudolaminar necrosisCortical pseudolaminar necrosis, also known as cortical laminar necrosis and simply laminar necrosis, is the death of cells in cortex of the brain in a band-like pattern, with a relative perservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges.It is seen in the context of cerebral...
, the (uncontrolled) death of cells in (cerebral) cortex of the brain in a band-like pattern, with a relative perservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges - Cortical reactionCortical reactionThe cortical reaction occurs when a sperm cell unites with the egg's plasma membrane, modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy; enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm, in mammals.The cortical reaction...
, occurs when a sperm cell unites with the egg's plasma membrane, altering the zona pellucida which prevents other sperm from binding to and entering the egg - Cortical stimulation mappingCortical stimulation mappingCortical stimulation mapping is a type of electrocorticography which is used a method to determine the location in the brain where information of a certain kind is processed...
, a type of electrocorticography which is used a method to determine the location in the brain where information of a certain kind is processed