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Convolvulaceae
 
 
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The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed
Bindweed

Bindweed may refer to:* Convolvulus, a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants* Calystegia, a related genus of about 25 species of flowering plants...
 or morning glory
Morning Glory

Morning Glory is a pre-Code United States drama film which tells the story of an eager but unstable would-be actress whose good looks draw more attention than her acting....
 family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 vine
Vine

A vine is any plant of genus Grape or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vinea, referred to the grape-bearing variety....
s, but also tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s and herb
Herb

A herb is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties, flavor, scent, or the like....
s.

Description
They can easily be recognized by their funnel-shaped radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has 5 sepals, 5 fused petals, 5 epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a 2 part syncarpous and superior gynoecium
Gynoecium

A gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower. The male counterpart is called an androecium. A gynoecium is composed of one or more pistils....
.






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The Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed
Bindweed

Bindweed may refer to:* Convolvulus, a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants* Calystegia, a related genus of about 25 species of flowering plants...
 or morning glory
Morning Glory

Morning Glory is a pre-Code United States drama film which tells the story of an eager but unstable would-be actress whose good looks draw more attention than her acting....
 family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
, is a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous
Herbaceous

A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaf and stem that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. A herbaceous plant may be Annual plant, Biennial plant or Perennial plant....
 vine
Vine

A vine is any plant of genus Grape or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vinea, referred to the grape-bearing variety....
s, but also tree
TREE

TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
s, shrub
Shrub

A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall....
s and herb
Herb

A herb is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties, flavor, scent, or the like....
s.

Description


They can easily be recognized by their funnel-shaped radially symmetrical corolla; the floral formula for the family has 5 sepals, 5 fused petals, 5 epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a 2 part syncarpous and superior gynoecium
Gynoecium

A gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower. The male counterpart is called an androecium. A gynoecium is composed of one or more pistils....
. The stem of these plants is usually winding, hence its Latin name (convolvere = to wind). The leaves are simple and alternate, without stipules. The fruit can be a capsule, berry, or nut, all containing only two seeds per one locule
Locule

A locule is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism .In plants, the term locule usually refers to a chamber within an Ovary ....
 (one ovule
Ovule

Ovule literally means "small ovum." In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: The integuments forming its outer layer, the nucellus , and the megaspore-derived female gametophyte in its center....
/ovary
Ovary

The ovary is an ovum-producing reproductive organ, often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate female reproductive system. Ovaries in females are homology to testicle in males, in that they are both gonads and endocrine glands....
).

The leaves and starchy tuberous roots of some species are used as food
Food

Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be Eating or Drinking by an animal or human for nutrition or pleasure....
stuffs (e.g. sweet potato
Sweet potato

The 'sweet potato' is a dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Amongst the approximately 50 genera and more than 1000 species of this family, only I....
 and water spinach
Ipomoea aquatica

Ipomoea aquatica is a semi-aquatic plant tropical plant grown as a leaf vegetable. Its precise natural distribution is unknown due to extensive cultivation, with the species found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world....
), and the seeds are exploited for their medicinal value as purgatives. Some species contain ergoline
Ergoline

Ergoline is a chemical Chemical compound whose structural skeleton is contained in a diverse range of alkaloids and a few psychedelic Psychoactive drug ....
 alkaloids that are likely responsible for the use of these species as ingredients in psychedelic
Psychedelic

The word 'psychedelic' is an English term coined from the Greek language words for "soul," ???? , and "manifest," d???? . A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown, or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ostensibly ordinary fetters....
 drugs (e.g. ololiuhqui). The presence of ergolines in this plant family is apparently due to infection by fungi related to the ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. A recent study of the Convolvulaceae species, Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associated fungi showed that the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing

The term DNA sequencing refers to methods for determining the order of the nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a molecule of DNA....
 of 18s and ITS ribosomal DNA
Ribosomal DNA

Ribosomal DNA are sequences encoding RRNA. These sequences regulate amplification and Transcription_ initiation and contain transcribed and nontranscribed spacer segments....
 and phylogenetic analysis to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae
Clavicipitaceae

Clavicipitaceae is a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales....
, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant. The identified fungus appears to be a seed-transmitted obligate biotroph growing epiphytically on its host. This finding strongly suggests that the unique presence of ergoline alkaloids in some species of the family Convolvulaceae is due to symbiosis
Symbiosis

The term symbiosis commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between different biological species. The term was first used in 1879 by the Germany mycology Heinrich Anton de Bary, who defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms"....
 with clavicipitaceous
Clavicipitaceae

Clavicipitaceae is a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales....
 fungi.

Members of the family are well known as showy garden plants (e.g. morning glory
Morning Glory

Morning Glory is a pre-Code United States drama film which tells the story of an eager but unstable would-be actress whose good looks draw more attention than her acting....
) and as troublesome weeds (e.g. bindweed).

Tribes

According to the study of D.F. Austin (see Reference) the family Convolvulaceae can be classified in the following tribes:
  • Ericybeae
  • Cressea
  • Convolvuleae
  • Merremioids
  • Ipomoeae
  • Argyreiae
  • Poraneae
  • Dichondreae
  • Cuscuteae (sometimes classified as a separate family Cuscutaceae).


Genera

  • Aniseia
  • Argyreia (Hawaiian baby woodrose
    Hawaiian baby woodrose

    Hawaiian Baby Woodrose , not to be confused with the Hawaiian woodrose , is a perennial plant climbing vine, also known as Elephant Creeper and Woolly Morning Glory....
    )
  • Astripomoea
  • Blinkworthia
  • Bonamia
    Bonamia

    Bonamia is a genus of plant in family Convolvulaceae.Species include:* Bonamia menziesii, Asa Gray...
  • Breweria
  • Calycobolus
  • Calystegia
    Calystegia

    Calystegia is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate and subtropical regions, but with half of the species endemic to California....
     (Bindweed
    Bindweed

    Bindweed may refer to:* Convolvulus, a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants* Calystegia, a related genus of about 25 species of flowering plants...
    , Morning glory)
  • Cardiochlamys
  • Cladistigma
  • Convolvulus
    Convolvulus

    Convolvulus is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the bindweed family Convolvulaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution....
      (Bindweed
    Bindweed

    Bindweed may refer to:* Convolvulus, a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants* Calystegia, a related genus of about 25 species of flowering plants...
    , Morning glory)
  • Cordisepalum
  • Cressa
    Cressa (genus)

    Cressa is a genus of plants in the Convolvulaceae known generally as alkaliweeds. These plants are native to the tropical and subtropical areas of the world....
  • Cuscuta
    Cuscuta

    Cuscuta is a genus of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red parasitic plants. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown that it is correctly placed in the family Convolvulaceae....
     (Dodder)
  • Decalobanthus
  • Dichondra
    Dichondra

    Dichondra is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae. They are prostrate perennial plant herbaceous plants, with creeping stems which take root readily at the leaf nodes....
  • Dicranostyles
  • Dinetus
  • Dipteropeltis
  • Ericybe
  • Evolvulus
  • Falckia
  • Hewittia
  • Hildebrandtia
    Hildebrandtia (plant)

    Hildebrandtia is a plant genus in Family Convolvulaceae....
  • Hyalocystis
  • Ipomoea
    Ipomoea

    The genus Ipomoea is the largest in the family Convolvulaceae, with over 500 species. Most of these are called "morning glory", but this can refer to related genera also....
     (Morning glory, Sweet potato
    Sweet potato

    The 'sweet potato' is a dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Amongst the approximately 50 genera and more than 1000 species of this family, only I....
    )
  • Iseia
  • Itzaea
  • Jacquemontia
  • Lepistemon
  • Lepistemonopsis
  • Lysiostyles
  • Maripa
  • Merremia (Hawaiian woodrose)
  • Metaporana
    Metaporana

    Metaporana is a genus of plant in family Convolvulaceae.Species include:* Metaporana obtusa, Staples...
  • Nephrophyllum
  • Neuropeltis
  • Neuropeltopsis
  • Odonellia
  • Operculina
  • Paralepistemon
  • Pentacrostigma
  • Polymeria
  • Porana
  • Poranopsis
  • Rapona
  • Rivea (Rivea corymbosa
    Rivea corymbosa

    Rivea corymbosa , is a species of morning glory, native throughout Latin America from Mexico in the North to Peru in the South and widely naturalised elsewhere....
    )
  • Sabaudiella
  • Seddera
    Seddera

    Seddera is a genus of plant in family Convolvulaceae.Species include:* Seddera fastigiata, Verdc.* Seddera pedunculata, Verdc....
  • Stictocardia
  • Stylisma
  • Tetralocularia
  • Tridynamia
  • Turbina
  • Wilsonia
  • Xenostegia


    • External links

    • Flowers in Israel