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Convocation Sejm (1764)

 

 
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The Convocation Sejm of 1764 was a session of the Sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
 (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
. It took place in Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
 from 7 May to 23 June, and was a confederated
Confederated sejm

Confederated sejm was a form of sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. After 1764, sejms were frequently confederated....
 convocation sejm
Convocation sejm

Convocation sejm was a special sejm in pre-Partitions of Poland Poland that, upon vacancy of the throne, was summoned to Warsaw by the Primate of Poland, acting as Interrex ....
, tasked with preparing a new free election
Free election

Free election was the election of individual monarchs, rather than of dynasties, to the Poland throne between 1572 and 1791, when "free election" was abolished by the Constitution of May 3, 1791....
 to fill the throne of the Commonwealth. It carried out a series of reforms to the Commonwealth government.

The Sejm was led by Sejm marshal, Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski

Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski was a Czartoryski family szlachcic, writer, literary and theater critic, and statesman....
. Familia
Familia

Familia was the name of a Poland political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II ....
 party of Czartoryski
Czartoryski

Czartoryski is the surname of a Poland-Lithuanian magnate family also known as the Familia. They used the Czartoryski Coat of Arms Czartoryski Coat of Arms and were the leading noble family of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century....
 magnate
Magnate

Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities....
 family, backed by Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (whose military forces were occupying parts of the Commonwealth) forced an election of their candidate (Stanislaw August Poniatowski).






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Encyclopedia


The Convocation Sejm of 1764 was a session of the Sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
 (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
. It took place in Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
 from 7 May to 23 June, and was a confederated
Confederated sejm

Confederated sejm was a form of sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. After 1764, sejms were frequently confederated....
 convocation sejm
Convocation sejm

Convocation sejm was a special sejm in pre-Partitions of Poland Poland that, upon vacancy of the throne, was summoned to Warsaw by the Primate of Poland, acting as Interrex ....
, tasked with preparing a new free election
Free election

Free election was the election of individual monarchs, rather than of dynasties, to the Poland throne between 1572 and 1791, when "free election" was abolished by the Constitution of May 3, 1791....
 to fill the throne of the Commonwealth. It carried out a series of reforms to the Commonwealth government.

The Sejm was led by Sejm marshal, Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski

Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski was a Czartoryski family szlachcic, writer, literary and theater critic, and statesman....
. Familia
Familia

Familia was the name of a Poland political party led by the Czartoryski magnates and families allied with them, and formed toward the end of the reign of King August II ....
 party of Czartoryski
Czartoryski

Czartoryski is the surname of a Poland-Lithuanian magnate family also known as the Familia. They used the Czartoryski Coat of Arms Czartoryski Coat of Arms and were the leading noble family of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century....
 magnate
Magnate

Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities....
 family, backed by Russian Empire
Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
 (whose military forces were occupying parts of the Commonwealth) forced an election of their candidate (Stanislaw August Poniatowski). In protest to presence of Russian forces, and influence of Russian ambassador to the Commonwealth
Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland (1763–1794)

Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland in the years 1763-1794 were among the most important characters in the politics of Poland. Their powers went far beyond the those of most diplomats and can be compared to those of viceroys in the colony of Spanish Empire, or Roman Republic's proconsuls in Roman provinces....
, Herman Karl von Keyserling, many opposition deputies left the session - in the end the Sejm passed its decisions with 80 deputies (out of 300) and 7 senators (out of 136).

Reforms and decisions


  • Stanislaw August Poniatowski elected the new king of the Commonwealth, replacing interrex
    Interrex (Poland)

    The institution of interrex existed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose szlachta liked to view their Republic or Commonwealth as an heir to Roman republican traditions....
     Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski
    Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski

    Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski was an archbishop of Lw?w and primate of Poland . Ally of Czartoryski Familia and Russian Empire, opponent of religious tolerance....
  • Emperor titles of Russian Tsar and King of Prussia
    Prussia

    Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
     were recognized
  • private tariffs were abolished
  • general tarrif for public treasury was introduced
  • liberum veto
    Liberum veto

    Liberum veto was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify all legislation already passed at it by shouting Nie pozwalam! ....
     was abolished for discussions of financial and military matters
  • unified system of measurments was introduced
  • tax system was reformed (kwarta, Jewish head tax)
  • Commissions of Tresury and Military were created
  • hetman
    Hetman

    Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
    s powers were limited
  • crown land
    Crown land

    Crown land is a designated area belonging to the Crown, the equivalent of an Fee tail Estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be Title from it....
    s were to be reviewed for incompetent management to increase public revenue
  • special privileges (serwitoriaty) of some royal craftsman were abolished, along with royal enclaves (jurydyki) near cities but not subject to municipal laws and regulations