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Consubstantiation is a theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation
Transubstantiation

In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation is the change of the Substance theory of Host and Sacramental wine into the Body of Christ and Blood of Christ occurring in the Eucharist while all that is accessible to the senses remain as before....
) attempts to describe the nature of the Christian
Christianity

Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
 Eucharist
Eucharist

The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names, is a Christianity sacrament commemorating, by consecrating bread and wine, the Last Supper, the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his arrest, and eventual crucifixion, when he gave them bread saying, "This is my body", and wine...
 in concrete metaphysical
Metaphysics

Metaphysics investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics....
 terms. It holds that during the sacrament
Sacrament

A sacrament, as defined in Hexam's Concise Dictionary of Religion is "a rite in which God is uniquely active." Augustine of Hippo defined a Christian sacrament as "a visible sign of an invisible reality." The Anglican Book of Common Prayer speaks of them as "an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible Grace." Examples of sacram...
 the fundamental "substance
Substance theory

Substance theory, or substance attribute theory, is an ontology theory about Object , positing that a substance is distinct from its property ....
" of the body and blood of Christ
Christ

Christ is the English language term for the Greek meaning "the anointing", which is a title given to the Reigning Messiah in the given age of the Zodiac....
 are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.

Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation

In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation is the change of the Substance theory of Host and Sacramental wine into the Body of Christ and Blood of Christ occurring in the Eucharist while all that is accessible to the senses remain as before....
, on the other hand, holds that, through consecration
Consecration

Consecration is the ritual dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred"....
, the reality (the "substance") of the bread and wine - but not the "species" (Latin for "appearance") - is changed into that of the body and blood of Jesus Christ
Real Presence

The Real Presence is the term various Christian traditions use to express their belief that, in the Eucharist, Jesus Christ is really present in what was previously just bread and wine, and not merely present in symbol, as a figure of speech , or by his power ....
.






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Consubstantiation is a theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation
Transubstantiation

In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation is the change of the Substance theory of Host and Sacramental wine into the Body of Christ and Blood of Christ occurring in the Eucharist while all that is accessible to the senses remain as before....
) attempts to describe the nature of the Christian
Christianity

Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
 Eucharist
Eucharist

The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names, is a Christianity sacrament commemorating, by consecrating bread and wine, the Last Supper, the final meal that Jesus Christ shared with his disciples before his arrest, and eventual crucifixion, when he gave them bread saying, "This is my body", and wine...
 in concrete metaphysical
Metaphysics

Metaphysics investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science. cosmology and ontology are traditional branches of metaphysics....
 terms. It holds that during the sacrament
Sacrament

A sacrament, as defined in Hexam's Concise Dictionary of Religion is "a rite in which God is uniquely active." Augustine of Hippo defined a Christian sacrament as "a visible sign of an invisible reality." The Anglican Book of Common Prayer speaks of them as "an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible Grace." Examples of sacram...
 the fundamental "substance
Substance theory

Substance theory, or substance attribute theory, is an ontology theory about Object , positing that a substance is distinct from its property ....
" of the body and blood of Christ
Christ

Christ is the English language term for the Greek meaning "the anointing", which is a title given to the Reigning Messiah in the given age of the Zodiac....
 are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.

Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation

In Roman Catholic theology, transubstantiation is the change of the Substance theory of Host and Sacramental wine into the Body of Christ and Blood of Christ occurring in the Eucharist while all that is accessible to the senses remain as before....
, on the other hand, holds that, through consecration
Consecration

Consecration is the ritual dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious. The word "consecration" literally means "to associate with the sacred"....
, the reality (the "substance") of the bread and wine - but not the "species" (Latin for "appearance") - is changed into that of the body and blood of Jesus Christ
Real Presence

The Real Presence is the term various Christian traditions use to express their belief that, in the Eucharist, Jesus Christ is really present in what was previously just bread and wine, and not merely present in symbol, as a figure of speech , or by his power ....
. It denies that the substance of the bread and wine is exchanged for another substance (that of the Body and Blood of Christ), and insists that what occurs is a transformation, not a substitution. It holds that the accidents
Accident (philosophy)

Accident, sumbebekos as used in philosophy, is an attribute which may or may not belong to a subject, without affecting its essence. The use of accident has been employed throughout the history of philosophy with several distinct meanings....
 of the bread and wine (the appearances, even the molecular structures revealed under scientific scrutiny) remain quite unchanged, and are no illusion.

The doctrine of consubstantiation, advocated by the medieval scholastic theologian
Scholasticism

Scholasticism was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the Western Europe in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries....
 Duns Scotus
Duns Scotus

The Beatification John Duns Scotus, Order of Friars Minor was one of the most important theology and philosopher of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought....
, is erroneously identified as the eucharistic doctrine of Martin Luther
Martin Luther

Martin Luther was a Germans monk, theology, university professor, priest, father of Protestantism, and Protestant Reformers whose ideas started the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western culture....
, who defined his doctrine as the sacramental union
Sacramental Union

Sacramental union is the Lutheranism theology doctrine of the Real Presence of the body and blood of Jesus in the Christianity Eucharist....
. Some reject the concept of consubstantiation because it substitutes what they believe to be the biblical doctrine with a philosophical construct and implies, in their view, a natural, local inclusion of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine of the eucharist.

History and culture

In England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 in the late 14th century, there was a political and religious movement known as Lollardy
Lollardy

Lollardy was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the mid-14th century to the English Reformation. The term Lollards refers to the followers of John Wycliffe, a prominent theology at the University of Oxford beginning in the 1350s....
. Among much broader goals, the Lollards affirmed a form of consubstantiation -- that the Eucharist remained physically bread and wine, while becoming spiritually the body and blood of Christ. Lollardy survived up until the time of the English Reformation
English Reformation

The English Reformation was the series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church....
.

In literature the conflict between consubstantiation and transubstantiation was satirically described in Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift was an Anglo-Irish satire, essayist, political pamphleteer , poet and cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Dublin....
's "Gulliver's Travels
Gulliver's Travels

Gulliver's Travels , officially Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships, is a novel by Jonathan Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre....
" as war between Lilliput and Blefuscu
Lilliput and Blefuscu

Lilliput and Blefuscu are two fictional island Fictional country that appear in the first part of the 1726 novel Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift....
.

Footnotes and references


See also

  • Eucharistic theologies contrasted
    Eucharistic theologies contrasted

    Churches and Ecclesial Communities contrasted in relation to Eucharist:...
  • Impanation
    Impanation

    Impanation is a name employed to denote the union of the body of Christ with the bread of the Eucharist. This view, patterned on the analogy of Christ's hypostatic union: God made flesh in the Person of Jesus Christ, asserts that "God is made bread" in the Eucharist....
  • Real Presence
    Real Presence

    The Real Presence is the term various Christian traditions use to express their belief that, in the Eucharist, Jesus Christ is really present in what was previously just bread and wine, and not merely present in symbol, as a figure of speech , or by his power ....
  • Sacramental union
    Sacramental Union

    Sacramental union is the Lutheranism theology doctrine of the Real Presence of the body and blood of Jesus in the Christianity Eucharist....


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