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Conservative Party (Romania, 1880-1918)

 

 
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Conservative Party (Romania, 1880-1918)
 
 
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The Conservative Party (Partidul Conservator) was between 1880 and 1918 one of Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
's two most important parties, the other one being the Liberal Party
National Liberal Party (Romania)

The Partidul National Liberal is a liberal parties in Romania, the third largest party in parliament, being outrunned by the Democratic Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party of Romania....
. The party was the party of government for a total of 14 years, more than a third of its existence.

It was founded on 3 February 1880 in Bucharest, although the doctrines and various groups of conservatives had already existed for some time. Precursors to the party had included the political grouping "Juna Dreapta" (November 1868), and the newspaper Timpul (founded March 1876).

The party relied on the support of the great landowners, the bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie

Bourgeoisie is a classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a social class of people. Historically, the bourgeoisie comes from the middle or merchant classes of the Middle Ages, whose status or power came from employment, education, and wealth, as distinguished from those whose power came from being born into an aristocrati...
 as well as some intellectuals.






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The Conservative Party (Partidul Conservator) was between 1880 and 1918 one of Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
's two most important parties, the other one being the Liberal Party
National Liberal Party (Romania)

The Partidul National Liberal is a liberal parties in Romania, the third largest party in parliament, being outrunned by the Democratic Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party of Romania....
. The party was the party of government for a total of 14 years, more than a third of its existence.

It was founded on 3 February 1880 in Bucharest, although the doctrines and various groups of conservatives had already existed for some time. Precursors to the party had included the political grouping "Juna Dreapta" (November 1868), and the newspaper Timpul (founded March 1876).

The party relied on the support of the great landowners, the bourgeoisie
Bourgeoisie

Bourgeoisie is a classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a social class of people. Historically, the bourgeoisie comes from the middle or merchant classes of the Middle Ages, whose status or power came from employment, education, and wealth, as distinguished from those whose power came from being born into an aristocrati...
 as well as some intellectuals. Their economic policy was to encourage light industry and crafts, but they did not oppose investments in heavy industry.

The 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt
1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt

The 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt took place in March 1907 in Moldavia and it quickly spread, reaching Wallachia. The main cause was the discontent of the peasants about the inequity of land ownership, which was in the hands of just a few large landowners....
 showed that some reforms needed to be made in the Romanian social and political scene. That is why in 1913 the Conservatives accepted some reforms, such as the universal suffrage
Universal suffrage

Universal suffrage consists of the extension of the Suffrage to adult citizens as a whole, though it may also mean extending said right to minors and noncitizens....
 promoted by the Liberals. In 1917, under pressure from the Liberals, rather than oppose modifications to the Constitution
Constitution of Romania

The 1991 Constitution of Romania is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the country's citizens, and its mode of passing laws....
, the Conservatives did not accept the changes and tried to adapt. However, after the union of Romania with Transylvania
Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountains, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crisana, Maramures, and Banat....
, they never played an important role in the politics of Romania
Politics of Romania

Politics of Romania take place in a framework of a semi-presidential system representative democracy republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government and the President of Romania exercises the functions of head of state, and of a multi-party system....
.

In the early 20th century, the party underwent several schisms. In January 1908, Take Ionescu
Take Ionescu

Take or Tache Ionescu was a Romanian Centrism politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author....
 left to found the Conservative Democratic Party (Partidul Conservator-Democrat, PCD). In May 1915, Nicolae Filipescu led a group out of the party that favored joining World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 on the Entente
Allies of World War I

File:Map Europe alliances 1914-en.svgThe Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The main allies were the Russian Empire, French Third Republic, the British Empire, Kingdom of Italy , the Empire of Japan, and the United States....
 side; in October 1916, the Filipescu and Ionescu groups fused as the Conservative Nationalist Party (Partidul Conservator Nationalist).

In 1918–19 the party split into the Partidul Conservator-Democrat (which, in 1922, fused with the National Party) and the short-lived Partidul Conservator-Progresist.

Party presidents

  • Emanoil (Manolache) Costache Epureanu
    Manolache Costache Epureanu

    Manolache Costache Epureanu was the Prime Minister of Romania as a representative of the Conservative Party two times: in 1870 and in 1876 ....
     (February–September 1880)
  • Lascar Catargiu
    Lascar Catargiu

    Lascar Catargiu was a Romanian Conservatism statesman born in Moldavia. He belonged to an ancient Wallachian family, one of whose members had been banished in the 17th century by List of rulers of Wallachia Matei Basarab, and had settled in Moldavia....
     (1880–99)
  • Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
    Gheorghe Cantacuzino

    Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino was a Conservative Romanian politician who twice served as the Prime Minister of Romania: between 23 April 1899 and 19 July 1900 and between 4 January 1906 and 24 March 1907....
     (1899–1907)
  • Petre P. Carp
    Petre P. Carp

    Petre P. Carp was a Romanian Conservatism politician and Literary criticism who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms . He was also the leader of the Conservative Party between 1907 and 1912....
     (1907–13)
  • Titu Maiorescu
    Titu Maiorescu

    Titu Liviu Maiorescu was a Romanian literary critic and politician, founder of the Junimea Society. As a literary critic, he was instrumental in the development of Culture of Romania in the second half of the 19th century....
     (1913–14)
  • Alexandru Marghiloman
    Alexandru Marghiloman

    Alexandru Maghiloman was a Romanian Conservatism statesman who served for a short time in 1918 as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I....
     (1914–25)
Source: Scurtu 1982.

Other important members

  • Alexandru Lahovari
  • Dimitrie S. Nitescu
  • Mihail G. Cantacuzino
  • Dimitrie A. Grecianu
  • Constantin Garoflid


Governments formed

  • Theodor Rosetti
    Theodor Rosetti

    Theodor Rosetti was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between 13 April 1888 and 11 April 1889....
     (23 March – 12 November 1888)
  • Theodor Rosetti
    Theodor Rosetti

    Theodor Rosetti was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between 13 April 1888 and 11 April 1889....
     (12 November 1888 – 26 March 1889)
  • Lascar Catargiu
    Lascar Catargiu

    Lascar Catargiu was a Romanian Conservatism statesman born in Moldavia. He belonged to an ancient Wallachian family, one of whose members had been banished in the 17th century by List of rulers of Wallachia Matei Basarab, and had settled in Moldavia....
     (29 March – 3 November 1889)
  • George Manu (5 November 1889 – 15 February 1891)
  • Ioan Emanoil Florescu (21 February – 25 November 1891)
  • Lascar Catargiu
    Lascar Catargiu

    Lascar Catargiu was a Romanian Conservatism statesman born in Moldavia. He belonged to an ancient Wallachian family, one of whose members had been banished in the 17th century by List of rulers of Wallachia Matei Basarab, and had settled in Moldavia....
     (27 November 1891 – 3 October 1895)
  • Gheorghe Cantacuzino
    Gheorghe Cantacuzino

    Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino was a Conservative Romanian politician who twice served as the Prime Minister of Romania: between 23 April 1899 and 19 July 1900 and between 4 January 1906 and 24 March 1907....
     (11 April 1899 – 7 July 1900)
  • Petre P. Carp
    Petre P. Carp

    Petre P. Carp was a Romanian Conservatism politician and Literary criticism who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms . He was also the leader of the Conservative Party between 1907 and 1912....
     (7 July 1900 – 13 February 1901)
  • Gheorghe Cantacuzino
    Gheorghe Cantacuzino

    Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino was a Conservative Romanian politician who twice served as the Prime Minister of Romania: between 23 April 1899 and 19 July 1900 and between 4 January 1906 and 24 March 1907....
     (22 December 1904 – 12 March 1907)
  • Petre P. Carp
    Petre P. Carp

    Petre P. Carp was a Romanian Conservatism politician and Literary criticism who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms . He was also the leader of the Conservative Party between 1907 and 1912....
     (29 December 1910 – 28 March 1912)
  • Titu Maiorescu
    Titu Maiorescu

    Titu Liviu Maiorescu was a Romanian literary critic and politician, founder of the Junimea Society. As a literary critic, he was instrumental in the development of Culture of Romania in the second half of the 19th century....
     (14 October 1912 – 31 December 1913)
  • Alexandru Marghiloman
    Alexandru Marghiloman

    Alexandru Maghiloman was a Romanian Conservatism statesman who served for a short time in 1918 as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I....
     (5 March – 24 October 1918)


Party publications

  • Timpul (15 March 1876 – 17 March 1884; 13 November 1889 – 14 December 1900)
  • Epoca (16 November 1885 – 14 June 1889; 2 December 1895 – 13 February 1901)
  • Conservatorul (15 December 1900 – 15 November 1914)
  • Steagul (14 November 1914 – July 1922)