Conjugate acid

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Conjugate acid

Within the Brønsted

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted

Johannes Nicolaus Br?nsted born in Varde was a Denmark physical chemistry.He received a degree in chemical engineering in 1899 and his Ph. D....
-Lowry

Martin Lowry

Thomas Martin Lowry was an England physical chemistry.He was born in Low Moor, Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.Lowry had a fear of large items, therefore, he directed his life to the study of smaller things....
(protonic) theory of acids and bases

Acid-base reaction theories

An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base . Several concepts exist which provide alternative definitions for the reaction mechanisms involved and their application in solving related problems....
, a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. A conjugate acid can also be seen as the chemical substance that releases a proton in the backward chemical reaction. Thus, the term acid. The base produced, X^-, is called the conjugate base and it absorbs a proton in the backward chemical reaction.

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Within the Brønsted

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted

Johannes Nicolaus Br?nsted born in Varde was a Denmark physical chemistry.He received a degree in chemical engineering in 1899 and his Ph. D....
-Lowry

Martin Lowry

Acid-base reaction theories

HX + H₂O X^- + H₃O⁺

This principle is discussed in detail in the article on acid-base reaction theories.

The conjugate base of a weak acid is a strong base, and the conjugate base of a strong acid is a weak base.

Tabulated below are several examples of conjugate acid-base pairs. Acid strength decreases and base strength increases down the table. (The dissociation reaction reaches equilibrium further to the right, with more X^- produced.)

Acid	Base
HCl Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....	Cl^- Chloride Chloride The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−.... ion
H₂SO₄ Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....	HSO₄^- Hydrogen sulfate ion
HNO₃ Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitric acid , also known as *aqua fortis* and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....	NO₃^- Nitrate Nitrate In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid with an ion composed of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms . In organic chemistry the esters of nitric acid and various alcohols are called nitrates.... ion
H₃O⁺ Hydronium Hydronium In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the aqueous cation hydrogen3oxygen+ derived from protonation of water. It is the simplest type of an oxonium ion.... ion	H₂O Water Water (molecule) File:Blue-water-pool.jpgWater is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the Earth's surface in liquid, solid, and gaseous states....
HSO₄^- Hydrogen sulfate ion	SO₄^2- Sulfate Sulfate In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate is a salt of sulfuric acid.... ion
H₃PO₄ Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula Hydrogen3PhosphorusOxygen4....	H₂PO₄^- Dihydrogen phosphate ion
HC₂H₃O₂ Acetic acid Acetic acid Acetic acid, CH3COOH, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid which gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Pure, water-free acetic acid is a colourless liquid that absorbs water from the environment , and freezes at 16.7 Celsius to a colourless crystalline solid....	C₂H₃O₂^- Acetate Acetate An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively.... ion
H₂CO₃ Carbonic acid Carbonic acid Carbonic acid has the Molecular formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water , which contain small amounts of H2CO3....	HCO₃^- Hydrogen carbonate ion
H₂S Hydrosulfuric acid	HS^- Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence.... ion
H₂PO₄^- Dihydrogen phosphate ion	HPO₄^2- Hydrogen phosphate ion
NH₄⁺ Ammonium Ammonium The *ammonium* cation is a positively electric charge polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+. It has a formula weight of 18.05 and is formed by protonation of ammonia .... ion	NH₃ Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
HCO₃^- Hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) ion	CO₃^2- Carbonate Carbonate In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid.... ion
HPO₄^2- Hydrogen phosphate ion	PO₄^3- Phosphate Phosphate A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a Salt of phosphoric acid. Inorganic phosphates are mining to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry.... ion
H₂O Water Water Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam.... (neutral, pH PH pH is a measure of the Acid or Base of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the Activity of dissolved hydrogen ions . Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations.... 7)	OH^- Hydroxide Hydroxide In chemistry, hydroxide is the name for the Diatomic molecule anion OH-, consisting of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, usually derived from the Dissociation of a base .... ion
HFSbF₅ Fluoroantimonic acid Fluoroantimonic acid Fluoroantimonic acid HSbF6 is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride in various ratios. The 1:1 combination affords the strongest known superacid, which has been demonstrated to protonate even hydrocarbons to afford carbocations and H2....	SbF₆^- Hexafluoroantimonate Antimony pentafluoride Antimony pentafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula AntimonyFluorine5. This colourless, viscous liquid is a valuable Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, the strongest known acid.... ion

Conjugate acid

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