Comptes rendus
Encyclopedia
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, or simply Comptes rendus, is a French scientific journal
which has been published since 1666. It is the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences
. It is currently split into seven sections, published on behalf of the Academy by Elsevier
: Mathématique, Mécanique, Physique, Geoscience, Palévol, Chimie, and Biologies.
Series A and B were published together in one volume except in 1974.
The physical and chemical sciences series were reshuffled between 1989 and 2000, creating considerable confusion. Series IIB united the physical and chemical sciences (as Mécanique, Physique, Astrophysique et Chimie) until the July 1989 issue, with which chemistry was separated in Series IIC. Series IV was created in March, 2000, but for two more months, Series IIB was published as Mécanique, Physique et Astrophysique. From May 2000 on, Series IIB was renamed Mécanique and limited to (applied) mechanics
, as opposed to Series IV. Series IIC and IV started with issue number 1, the others continued their issue numbers (which by then had reached the 320s).
Scientific journal
In academic publishing, a scientific journal is a periodical publication intended to further the progress of science, usually by reporting new research. There are thousands of scientific journals in publication, and many more have been published at various points in the past...
which has been published since 1666. It is the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences
French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research...
. It is currently split into seven sections, published on behalf of the Academy by Elsevier
Elsevier
Elsevier is a publishing company which publishes medical and scientific literature. It is a part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has operations in the United Kingdom, USA and elsewhere....
: Mathématique, Mécanique, Physique, Geoscience, Palévol, Chimie, and Biologies.
Naming history
The journal has had a complicated naming history, with several name changes and splits over the years.1666-1965
Comptes rendus was initially established in 1835 as Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences. It continued an earlier series, Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, which had been published since 1666.1966-1980
After 1965 this title was split into five sections:- Série A (Sciences mathématiques) - mathematicsMathematicsMathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
- Série B (Sciences physiques) - physicsPhysicsPhysics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
and geosciences - Série C (Sciences chimiques) - chemistryChemistryChemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
- Série D (Sciences naturelles) - life sciencesLife sciencesThe life sciences comprise the fields of science that involve the scientific study of living organisms, like plants, animals, and human beings. While biology remains the centerpiece of the life sciences, technological advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have led to a burgeoning of...
- Vie académique - academy notices and miscellanea
Series A and B were published together in one volume except in 1974.
1980-2001
The subject areas of the series were rearranged as follows:- Série I (Sciences mathématiques) - mathematics
- Série IIA (Sciences de la Terre et des planètes) - geo- and astrosciences
- Série IIB - see below
- Série IIC (Sciences chimiques) - chemistry
- Série III (Sciences de la Vie) - life sciences
- Série IV (Physique et Astrophysique) - physics and astrophysicsAstrophysicsAstrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of celestial objects, as well as their interactions and behavior...
The physical and chemical sciences series were reshuffled between 1989 and 2000, creating considerable confusion. Series IIB united the physical and chemical sciences (as Mécanique, Physique, Astrophysique et Chimie) until the July 1989 issue, with which chemistry was separated in Series IIC. Series IV was created in March, 2000, but for two more months, Series IIB was published as Mécanique, Physique et Astrophysique. From May 2000 on, Series IIB was renamed Mécanique and limited to (applied) mechanics
Mechanics
Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment....
, as opposed to Series IV. Series IIC and IV started with issue number 1, the others continued their issue numbers (which by then had reached the 320s).
After 2001
The present naming and subject assignment was established from 2002 on:- Biologies - life sciences except paleontologyPaleontologyPaleontology "old, ancient", ὄν, ὀντ- "being, creature", and λόγος "speech, thought") is the study of prehistoric life. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environments...
and evolutionEvolutionEvolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including species, individual organisms and molecules such as DNA and proteins.Life on Earth...
ary biology. Continues in part Series IIC (biochemistryBiochemistryBiochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
) and III. - Chimie - chemistry. Continues in part Series IIC.
- Geoscience - geosciences. Continues in part Series IIA.
- Mathématique - mathematics. Continues Series I.
- Mécanique - mechanics. Continues Series IIB.
- Palévol - paleontology and evolutionary biology. Continues in part Series IIA and III.
- Physique - topical issues in physics (mainly opticsOpticsOptics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behavior of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light...
, astrophysicsAstrophysicsAstrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of celestial objects, as well as their interactions and behavior...
and particle physicsParticle physicsParticle physics is a branch of physics that studies the existence and interactions of particles that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter or radiation. In current understanding, particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their dynamics...
). Continues Series IV.
External links
- French Academy of Sciences: Comptes Rendus. Retrieved 2006-DEC-10.
- Scholarly Societies project: French Academy of Sciences page; provides information on naming and publication history up to 1980, as well as on previous journals of the Academy. Retrieved 2006-DEC-10.
- Bibliothèque nationale de FranceBibliothèque nationale de FranceThe is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
: Catalog record and full-text scans of Comptes rendus. Retrieved 2009-JUN-22. - Gallica-Math. Scans from 1835-1930. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ScienceDirectScienceDirectScienceDirect is one of the largest online collections of published scientific research in the world. It is operated by the publisher Elsevier and contains nearly 10 million articles from over 2,500 journals and over 6,000 e-books, reference works, book series and handbooks issued by Elsevier...
entries:- Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie, 1997-2001.
- Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry, 1998-2001.
- Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2002-2007.
- Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2002-2007.